"IEEE期刊文章编辑格式手册：作者指南"

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II. Writing Principles—12

IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL FOR AUTHORS

between the “g” and the “m.” As noted previously in the Text Headings section, the Acknowledgment head is a

primary heading. Do not enumerate the Acknowledgment heading.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI)–generated text in an article shall be disclosed in the Acknowledgement

section of any paper submitted to an IEEE Conference or Periodical. The sections of the paper that use AI-generated

text shall have a citation to the AI system used to generate the text.

When citing names within the Acknowledgment, drop Mr., Mrs., or Miss (list first initial and last name only).

For Dr. or Prof., use the Dr. or Prof. title with each name separately; do not use plural Drs. or Profs. with lists of

names.

All acknowledgments of financial support are placed in the first footnote/author affiliation.

Any acknowledgments of permission to publish and disclaimers to the content of the work made to/by the

author’s employer may be added as an Acknowledgment section.

Write the Acknowledgment section in the third person.

References

A few guidelines related to the writing of references are summarized here.

The numbering of references is employed by citing one reference per number. Every reference in a Transactions

reference list should be a separate number entry. Use of one reference number to designate a group of references is

not permitted.

Example:

[37] E. G. Bowen, Radar Days, Institute of Physics Publishing, 1987. The literature of WWII radar is vast. Among

the most comprehensive references are L. Brown, A Radar History of World War II: Technical and Military

Imperatives, Institute of Physics Publishing, 1999; S. Swords, Technical History of the Beginnings of Radar, Peter

Perigrinus, 1986; H. Guerlac, Radar in World War II, Tomash Publishers, American Institute of Physics, 1987.

The References should be written as follows:

[37] E. G. Bowen, Radar Days. London, U.K.: Institute of Physics, 1987.

[38] L. Brown, A Radar History of World War II: Technical and Military Imperatives. London, U.K.: Institute of

Physics, 1999.

[39] S. Swords, Technical History of the Beginnings of Radar. Stevenage, U.K.: Peregrinus, 1986.

[40] H. Guerlac, Radar in World War II. New York, NY, USA: Tomash Publishers/Amer. Inst. of Physics, 1987.

In the text, the following footnote would be added after the citation for ref. [37]:

"The literature of WWII radar is vast. Among the most comprehensive references are [38], [39], [40]."

Any references to the original refs. [38], [39], and [40] would be changed to [41], [42], and [43], respectively.

Footnotes or other words and phrases that are part of the reference format do not belong on the reference list.

These full footnotes or extraneous phrases must always be removed from the list, changed into text or footnotes on

the appropriate page, and the references renumbered (renumber reference citation in text as well). Even the words

“For example” should not introduce references in the actual list, but should instead be included in parentheses in text

(or in a footnote), followed by the reference number, i.e., “For example, see [5].”

Do not say “in reference [1] …”; rather, the text should be written to read simply, “in [1] …” The author’s name

should not be included in a text reference with a number (i.e., “In Smith [1]”) and should be changed to “in [1]”

except in such cases where the author’s name is integral to the understanding of the sentence (e.g., “Smith [1]

reduced calculated time …”). Reference dates should not be used as reference identifiers and should be deleted in

text except in rare cases where the date is somehow relevant to the article’s subject.

Do not refer to a specific figure of a reference or to a specific page or equation from a reference. To avoid

confusion, rewrite phrases such as “in Fig. 2 of reference [1]” to the IEEE cross-reference notation “in [1, Fig. 2].”

Similarly, rewrite phrases such as “in equation (8) of reference [1]” to be [1, eq. (8)]. Other phrases may be rewritten

as [1, Sec. IV], [1, Th. 4.2], or [1, Ch. 3].

If listing the same reference more than once on the reference list, giving a new reference number for each page

or part of the same source that is cited, these separate references should all be made into one reference and the

II. Writing Principles—13

IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL FOR AUTHORS

separate citations of pages, equations, etc., should be made in text using the notation explained in the previous

paragraph.

If a reference author’s name is mentioned in the text, check its spelling against the reference list.

Text Citation of Figures and Tables

All first citations of figures and tables in the article must be in numerical order. Citations to figures in text

always carry the abbreviation “Fig.” followed by the figure number. The abbreviation is used even when it begins a

sentence. Figure footnotes should be placed as part of the caption.

Figures:

The general style for captions is such that each caption number should be cited with the abbreviation “Fig.” and

the number, followed by a period, an em space, and then the text of the caption. The first word of the caption should

always be capitalized, regardless of any style that may be chosen to list caption parts (a), (b), etc., if included. If you

are citing Fig. 1(a) and 1(b), the singular "Fig." is still used. In general, do not use A, An, or The at the beginning of

a figure or table caption.

Example:

Fig. 1. Theoretical measured values of n.

There are several acceptable styles for listing the parts of the figure in the caption. Be consistent within each

article, but otherwise use whichever style is most convenient for the figure. Regardless of which caption notation is

used, the citation of (a), (b), etc., should always appear before the corresponding caption part.

Examples:

Fig. 1. Intercomplex crosstalk characteristics. (a) Electrode transmission.

(b) Interelectrode crosstalk.

Fig. 2. (a) Variation of effective mode index with time. (b) Step-index

change.

Fig. 3. Output resistance as a function of channel doping for 1-m-long gate.

(a) InGaAs and (b) InP JFETs with pinchoff voltage as a parameter.

Fig. 4. (a) and (b) Plain and side views, respectively, of the experimental

setup used to measure the effective diffraction loss which can be achieved

using the feedback technique.

Fig. 1. (a) Electrode transmission. (b) Interelectrode crosstalk.

If parts of a figure after reduction will run the length of more than one page, the full descriptive part of the

caption should be cited with the first part of the figure followed by the corresponding caption for the part. On the

subsequent pages, the word (Continued.) will be placed under the carryover parts of the figure followed by a repeat

of the full descriptive part of the caption and the corresponding caption for the carryover parts.

Captions for Landscape/broadside figures: The text should appear below the figures and facing outward at all

times.

Examples:

Fig. 6. True and estimated spectra for a real data sequence. (a) True

spectrum.

Fig. 6. (Continued.) True and estimated spectra for a real data sequence. (b)

Estimated with the periodogram.

Tables: The general style for table captions is such that each caption number should be centered above the table

with the label TABLE and the enumeration given in Roman numerals. The descriptive text of the caption should be

centered directly below the table number caption

The descriptive text of the table caption does not contain a period at the end of the caption, although punctuation

may be necessary within the caption itself. In general, table captions should be set as an inverted pyramid.

The style for listing the parts of a table in the caption and in text depends on whichever style is most convenient

for the table. The most acceptable style is to follow the conventions for callouts of figures. Example:

TABLE I

II. Writing Principles—14

IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL FOR AUTHORS

PARAMETER VALUES

TABLE II

OPTIMAL WAVELENGTH AS A FUNCTION OF POLARIZER ANGLE. (a) WAVELENGTH

FOR EXTERNAL CAVITY. (b) ESTIMATED WAVELENGTH FOR LASER DIODE

Obtaining permission to reuse copyrighted material

Reusing IEEE graphics previously published in IEEE publications. You will need to request permission directly

from IEEEXplore. In mose cases, the only requirements will be to give full credit to the original source and to

obtain the author’s approval (as a courtesy to the author). At the end of the caption, add the reference number of

the articles from which the graphics are being used.

Reusing graphics previously published in non-IEEE publications. You are responsible for obtaining in advance

permission to republish from copyright holder [in most cases, this is the publishing house (not the author of the

article)]. The wording is usually supplied by the publishing house itself. This text is added at the end of the caption.

Biographies

IEEE Transactions author biographies are generally divided into three paragraphs. However, if appropriate

information for each paragraph is not available, the biography may be only one or two paragraphs.

Always defer to the pronoun or title provided by the author. If provided as "they" and "them,” do not change to

be singular; these should be considered non-binary singular pronouns.

The biography begins with the author’s full name and IEEE membership history. The author’s name appears in

boldface type and must match the byline. A nickname may appear within parentheses, e.g., Sung-Mo (Steve) Kang,

but not in the byline. List current IEEE membership only; this is written out in full and should match the byline

exactly.

Note that affiliate memberships are neither listed in the byline nor biography membership history.

Abbreviations for IEEE membership grades are S (Student Member), GS (Graduate Student Member), A

(Associate Member), M (Member), SM (Senior Member), F (Fellow), LA (Life Associate Member), LM (Life

Member), LSM (Life Senior Member), and LF (Life Fellow). Note that A stands for Associate, not Affiliate,

Member. Affiliate memberships are not listed in the byline or biography membership history.

Do not include references to IEEE membership from the text of the biography.

Author photos should be professional images of the head and shoulders. Current photos are encouraged; baby

and family photos should not be used..

First Paragraph: The first paragraph may contain a place and/or date of birth (list place, then date). Next, the

author’s educational background is listed. When listing degrees earned, the biography should state “[S]he received

the Ph.D. degree from …” (not “[S]he received [her] his Ph.D. degree from …”). Always add the word degree after

a degree title. Include the years degrees were received. Abbreviations for some common international and domestic

degrees are:

Dipl.Ing., Diplom-Physiker, Dr. Ing., Dr. Phil., Dr. Eng., B.S., S.B., B.Sc.(Hons.), B.E.E., B.S.E., M.Eng.,

M.Sc.(tech.), M.S.E.E., M.S.E., Civilingenir, Lic.es Sci., Lic.es Lett.

Add the full locations (city, state, country) of universities and colleges the first time they are mentioned. For U.S.

state-named universities, repeat the state name in the location, and include the country (e.g., University of Colorado,

Boulder, CO, USA); for city-named universities, repeat the name of the city when giving the location (e.g.,

University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA). For universities outside the U.S., give locations with the name of the city

(postal abbreviations of Canadian Provinces, if used) and the country the first time.

Use lowercase for the author’s major field of study.

Second Paragraph: The second paragraph of the biography lists military and work experience, including

summer and fellowship jobs and consultant positions. Job titles are capitalized. The current job must have a location

(city, state, country); previous positions may be listed without one (retain if given). Do not abbreviate city names,

Company, Laboratory, or Department. Use standard names for all countries. If there is space, information the author

provides about previous publications may be included at the end of this paragraph. Edit out long lists of published

books or articles. Instead use the sentence “s(he) is the author of several books and numerous published articles.”

The format for listing publishers of an author’s books within the biography is: Title of the Book (publisher name,

year) similar to a reference. (Note, use the word “titled” not “entitled” to introduce the book [e.g., He is the author of

the book titled Stochastic Analysis and Applications (Taylor & Francis, 2012)]. List author affiliations with non-

II. Writing Principles—15

IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL FOR AUTHORS

IEEE journals. Note IEEE TRANSACTION AND JOURNAL TITLES should be in small caps; IEEE Magazine Titles

should be in italics; and non-IEEE titles should be in italics. List previous and currrent research interests. Do not

repeat the author’s name in the second paragraph; use “he” or “she.”

Third Paragraph: The third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last name (e.g., Dr. Smith, Prof. Jones,

Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). It lists the author’s memberships in professional societies other than the IEEE and his or her

status as a Professional Engineer if applicable. Finally, list awards and work for IEEE committees and publications,

affiliation with other professional societies, and symposia.

Personal notes such as hobbies should not be included in the biography. Authors may include an external link to

their work, this should appear as “For more information, see http://website.of.author” This should be the full URL

and not an abbreviated link.

Examples:

Michael C. Author Jr. (Fellow, IEEE) was born in New York, NY, USA, in 1969. He received the B.S. degree in applied mathematics from

the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, in 1989, the M.S. degree in mathematical physics from Stanford University, Stanford, CA,

USA, in 1991, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, in 1995.

From 1993 to 1995, he was with Raytheon Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA. From 1995 to 1996, he was with the General Electric Space

Laboratory, Valley Forge, PA, USA. From 1996 to 1997, he was a Fulbright Lecturer at the University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. He is currently

an Associate Professor of electrical engineering at the University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. His research has been concerned with

reentry plasma effects and microwave diagnostics of plasmas.

Dr. Author Jr. is a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Pennsylvania.

Katsunari Okamoto was born in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, in 1949. He received the B.S. degree from Rutgers University, New

Brunswick, NJ, USA, in 1979, and the M.S. degree from Monmouth University, Long Branch, NJ, USA, in 1984.

He was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Tokyo, Japan, in 1978. He joined the Ibaraki Electrical Communication Laboratory,

N.T.T., Ibaraki-ken, Japan, in 1979, where he was engaged in research on the optimum waveguide structure of optical fibers. At present, he is a

Member of Technical Staff at Bellcore, Red Bank, NJ, USA.

Dr. Okamoto is a member of the Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan.

Squibs

If the author chooses not to publish his/her biography and photo, a squib is used. Example:

James A. Author (Fellow, IEEE), photograph and biography not available at the time of publication.

If all authors of the article opt not to publish his/her biography and photo, no squib is used.

C. Other Text

Footnotes

Footnotes should be numbered in consecutive order throughout the text. Each footnote should be a new

paragraph. The footnote numbers are superscripts in text and in the actual footnotes. In text, place the superscript

footnote numbers after punctuation such as periods, commas, parentheses, and quotation marks, but generally before

dashes, colons, and semicolons in a compound sentence. The footnotes should be placed at the bottom of the text

column in which they are cited.

Lists in Text

There are three types of lists in text: run-in lists, displayed lists, and where lists. The ordering of labeling for all

lists is 1), 2), 3) followed by a), b), c), and then i), ii), iii). Note the single (ending) parenthesis. The order of

indentation is 1 em, 2 ems, 3 ems.

Run-In Lists: Lists that run in with text must be grammatically correct. They must also be introduced by a colon,

separated by semicolons, and have parallel construction. Example:

The carrier–phonon interaction matrices are given by: 1) polar optical phonons; 2) deformation potential

optical phonons; and 3) piezoelectric acoustic phonons.

Displayed Lists: Lists that are displayed may be either incomplete sentence items or full sentence items.

Incomplete sentence items contain a few items, are very short, are grammatically parallel, and are handled in two

ways. If the items are not mentioned in the text or are fewer than three items, run in as shown in the example for

run-in lists. If, however, the items are mentioned later in the text, introduce the item with a colon, number the items,

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