II. Writing Principles—15
IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL FOR AUTHORS
IEEE journals. Note IEEE TRANSACTION AND JOURNAL TITLES should be in small caps; IEEE Magazine Titles
should be in italics; and non-IEEE titles should be in italics. List previous and currrent research interests. Do not
repeat the author’s name in the second paragraph; use “he” or “she.”
Third Paragraph: The third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last name (e.g., Dr. Smith, Prof. Jones,
Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). It lists the author’s memberships in professional societies other than the IEEE and his or her
status as a Professional Engineer if applicable. Finally, list awards and work for IEEE committees and publications,
affiliation with other professional societies, and symposia.
Personal notes such as hobbies should not be included in the biography. Authors may include an external link to
their work, this should appear as “For more information, see http://website.of.author” This should be the full URL
and not an abbreviated link.
Examples:
Michael C. Author Jr. (Fellow, IEEE) was born in New York, NY, USA, in 1969. He received the B.S. degree in applied mathematics from
the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, in 1989, the M.S. degree in mathematical physics from Stanford University, Stanford, CA,
USA, in 1991, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, in 1995.
From 1993 to 1995, he was with Raytheon Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA. From 1995 to 1996, he was with the General Electric Space
Laboratory, Valley Forge, PA, USA. From 1996 to 1997, he was a Fulbright Lecturer at the University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. He is currently
an Associate Professor of electrical engineering at the University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. His research has been concerned with
reentry plasma effects and microwave diagnostics of plasmas.
Dr. Author Jr. is a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Pennsylvania.
Katsunari Okamoto was born in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, in 1949. He received the B.S. degree from Rutgers University, New
Brunswick, NJ, USA, in 1979, and the M.S. degree from Monmouth University, Long Branch, NJ, USA, in 1984.
He was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Tokyo, Japan, in 1978. He joined the Ibaraki Electrical Communication Laboratory,
N.T.T., Ibaraki-ken, Japan, in 1979, where he was engaged in research on the optimum waveguide structure of optical fibers. At present, he is a
Member of Technical Staff at Bellcore, Red Bank, NJ, USA.
Dr. Okamoto is a member of the Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan.
Squibs
If the author chooses not to publish his/her biography and photo, a squib is used. Example:
James A. Author (Fellow, IEEE), photograph and biography not available at the time of publication.
If all authors of the article opt not to publish his/her biography and photo, no squib is used.
C. Other Text
Footnotes
Footnotes should be numbered in consecutive order throughout the text. Each footnote should be a new
paragraph. The footnote numbers are superscripts in text and in the actual footnotes. In text, place the superscript
footnote numbers after punctuation such as periods, commas, parentheses, and quotation marks, but generally before
dashes, colons, and semicolons in a compound sentence. The footnotes should be placed at the bottom of the text
column in which they are cited.
Lists in Text
There are three types of lists in text: run-in lists, displayed lists, and where lists. The ordering of labeling for all
lists is 1), 2), 3) followed by a), b), c), and then i), ii), iii). Note the single (ending) parenthesis. The order of
indentation is 1 em, 2 ems, 3 ems.
Run-In Lists: Lists that run in with text must be grammatically correct. They must also be introduced by a colon,
separated by semicolons, and have parallel construction. Example:
The carrier–phonon interaction matrices are given by: 1) polar optical phonons; 2) deformation potential
optical phonons; and 3) piezoelectric acoustic phonons.
Displayed Lists: Lists that are displayed may be either incomplete sentence items or full sentence items.
Incomplete sentence items contain a few items, are very short, are grammatically parallel, and are handled in two
ways. If the items are not mentioned in the text or are fewer than three items, run in as shown in the example for
run-in lists. If, however, the items are mentioned later in the text, introduce the item with a colon, number the items,