第
32
卷第
16
期
振动与冲击
JOURNAL
OF
VIBRATION
AND
SHOCK
Vo
l.
32
No.16
2013
滚动轴承复合故障振动建模及
Lempel-Ziv
复杂度评价
朱永生,袁幸,张优云,朱川峰,周智
(西安交通大学润滑理论及轴承研究所,西安
710049)
摘
要:故障建模是探寻机械诊断中认知规律的关键环节。为了更能准确地预知振动特征,研究滚动轴承结合面
间的多体接触与传递过程的捐合作用,根据
Hertzian
理论建立一种详细的计及内圈-外圈-轴承座传递过程的
6DOF
振
动模型。从轴承实际运动学的角度刻画故障的形成及渐进发展过程,进而实现单点、复合故障的有效模拟,并与实验结果
进行了比较。轴承运行过程中故障状态的变化,必然导致振动信号复杂性的变化。基于非线性动力系统理论,引人
Lem
pel-Ziv
复杂度指标评价运行状态。结果表明,单点及复合故障的信号具有不同的复杂度,反映了不同故障状态的动力学
响应的差异。
Lempel-Ziv
复杂度能有效描述轴承振动信号的复杂性,可作为量化指标用于滚动轴承状态评价。
关键词:滚动轴承;复合故障;振动建模Le
mpel-Ziv
复杂度
中图分类号
TH17
文献标识码
A
Vibration
modeling
of
rolling
bearings
considering
compound
multi-defect
and
appraisal
with
Lempel-Ziv
complexity
ZHU
Yong-sheng , YUAN Xing , ZHANG You-yun ,
ZHU
Chu
α
n
-f
eng
,
ZHOU
Zhi
(Th
eory
of
Lubrication
&
Bearing
Institute ,
Xi'an
Jiaotong
University
,
Xi'an
710049
, China)
Abstract:
The vibration modeling is a key link to explore the cognitive rules in fault diagnosis. In order
to
foresee
the vibration characteristics accurately
and
efficiently , the transfer path
and
dynamic contact among joint interfaces were
well studied.
A novel methodology for dynamic modeling of
6DOF
systems consisting of bearing
inner
race , outer race
and
housing was presented based on the theories of Hertzian contact. The progressive processes of single and compound multi-
defect were provided according to the practical kinematics of rolling bearings. The model describes the vibrations in time
and frequency domains. Computed results from the model were according to
the
validated with experimental results , which
were generated on defective deep groove ball bearings. The complexities of vibration signal change with
the
emergence and
growth
of
faults. Based on nonlinear dynamics
theo
巧,
the Lempel-Ziv complexity measure was
used
to characterize the
complexity of single and compound multi-defect signals. The results show that
the
complexity measure used as a
quantitative criterion
can
effectively appraise the running condition of rolling bearings.
Key
words:
rolling
bearings;
compound multi -defect; vibration modeling;
Le
mpel-Ziv complexity
滚动轴承被广泛应用于机械工业,是基础件也是
关键核心件。由于其通常工作在高速、高温、重载的恶
劣环境下,滚动轴承疲劳导致的失效往往在整机故障
中占大部分比率。因此故障诊断对于滚动轴承的安
全、连续运行和预知更新至关重要
[1]O
故障建模研究
故障状态下动力学参数与响应征兆的内在联系,籍此
获取服役正常与异常的证据信息
[2]
其目的在于根据
机械设备性能退化响应特点来识别潜在故障和构建故
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目
(5103500
7)
;国家重点基础研究
发展计划
(973
计划)资助项目(
2011
CB706606)
;国家科技重大专项
资助项目
(20
1O
ZX04001
-
021
)
;国家科技重大专项资助项目
(20
1O
ZX04014
-015)
收稿日期
2012-06-26
修改稿收到日期
:2012
-
09
一
19
第一作者朱永生男,博士,副教授,
1973
年
10
月生
障库。
滚动轴承动力学建模一直为学者所重视,
Fukata[3]
较早分析了滚动轴承的变柔性振动。研究结论显示,
滚动轴承支承下的不平衡转子具有两个激励源,即来
自不平衡的转频激励和来自轴承总体刚度周期变化的
内部参数激励。
Tiwari
等
[4]
采用两自由度模型研究轴
承游隙造成的转子系统的非线性行为和稳定性。然后
Lioulios
等
[5]
探讨了速度波动对轴承非线性动力学的
影响。
Patil
等
[6]
模拟内、外圈局部故障,研究单点缺陷
所激励的时、频域特性。
Liew
等
[7]
进一步研究非线性
Hertzian
接触、游隙、转速等因素对动态行为的影响机
制,并有效模拟了轴承元件的振动形态。
Sopanen
等问
-9]
提出一种轴承模型用于分析局部及分布式故
障,模型考虑了非线性
Hertzian
接触,但是缺乏外圈一