深入探索JavaFX编程 - CSDN文库

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"Pro JavaFX 2.pdf 是一本专业书籍，深入讲解了JavaFX平台的各个方面，包括用户界面创建、属性与绑定、动态布局、UI控件使用、集合与并发处理、图表创建、媒体类应用、Web服务访问以及语言和标记的使用。书中还包含一个关于Visage语言深入探讨的附录，旨在帮助开发者全面掌握JavaFX开发技术。" JavaFX是一个强大的富客户端应用程序开发框架，允许开发者创建具有丰富图形用户界面和多媒体功能的应用程序。在第一章"Getting a Jump Start in JavaFX"中，作者引导读者快速入门，介绍JavaFX的基础知识，包括安装环境、设置开发工具以及编写第一个JavaFX程序。这一章旨在激发开发者对JavaFX的兴趣，让他们了解JavaFX如何为应用程序带来生机。第二章"Creating a User Interface in JavaFX"深入介绍了如何利用JavaFX构建用户界面。读者将学习到如何使用不同的布局管理器、组件和事件处理，以实现响应式和直观的交互设计。第三章"Properties and Bindings"讨论了JavaFX中的属性和绑定机制，这是JavaFX动态性和反应性设计的核心。通过属性和绑定，开发者可以轻松地实现视图和模型之间的数据同步。第四章"Building Dynamic UI Layouts in JavaFX"涵盖了如何创建动态的用户界面布局，包括响应式设计和自适应布局，使应用能够在不同屏幕尺寸和分辨率下正常工作。第五章"Using the JavaFX UI Controls"介绍了一系列内置的UI控件，如按钮、文本框、菜单等，以及如何自定义这些控件以满足特定需求。第六章"Collections and Concurrency"讲解了JavaFX中的集合操作和多线程处理，这对于处理大量数据或实现复杂的后台任务至关重要。第七章"Creating Charts in JavaFX"展示了如何在JavaFX应用程序中创建和定制各种图表，用于数据可视化。第八章"Using the Media Classes"介绍了如何集成音频和视频到JavaFX应用中，包括播放、暂停、快进等操作。第九章"Accessing Web Services"指导读者如何利用JavaFX访问和整合Web服务，实现网络通信和数据交换。第十章"JavaFX Languages and Markup"探讨了JavaFX脚本语言和FXML标记语言，帮助开发者更好地理解并利用这些工具进行声明式编程。最后的附录"The Visage Language in Depth"深入分析了一种名为Visage的语言，它可能是JavaFX的一部分，或者是一种辅助工具，用于更高级别的界面设计。 "Pro JavaFX 2.pdf"是JavaFX开发者的宝贵资源，通过详细的实例和解释，帮助他们掌握构建现代、互动且富媒体的Java应用程序所需的所有技能。这本书不仅适合初学者，也适合有一定经验的Java开发者，希望进一步提升他们在JavaFX领域的专业水平。

CHAPTER 1 ■ GETTING A JUMP START IN JAVAFX

13

javafx.scene.image package and the Group class in the javafx.scene package. In both cases, they inherit

from the Node class.

■ Tip We can’t emphasize enough the importance of having the JavaFX API documentation handy while

reading this book. As classes, variables, and functions are mentioned, it’s often a good idea to look at the

documentation to get more information. In addition, this habit helps you become more familiar with what is

available to you in the API.

Displaying Images

As shown in the following code, displaying an image entails using an ImageView instance in conjunction

with an Image instance.

ImageViewBuilder.create()

.image(new Image("http://projavafx.com/images/earthrise.jpg"))

.build(),

The Image instance identifies the image resource and loads it from the URL assigned to its URL

variable. Both of these classes are located in the javafx.scene.image package.

Working with Graphical Nodes as a Group

One powerful graphical feature of JavaFX is the ability to create scene graphs, which consist of a tree of

graphical nodes. You can then assign values to properties of a Group located in the hierarchy, and the

nodes contained in the Group will be affected. In our current example from Listing 1-1, we’re using a

Group to contain a Text node and to clip a specific rectangular region within the Group so that the text

doesn’t appear on the moon or the Earth as it animates upward. Here’s the relevant code snippet:

GroupBuilder.create()

.layoutX(50)

.layoutY(180)

.children(

textRef

)

.clip(

RectangleBuilder.create()

.width(430)

.height(85)

.build()

)

.build()

Notice that the Group is located 50 pixels to the right and 180 pixels down, from where it would have

been located by default. This is due to the values assigned to the layoutX and layoutY variables of the

Group instance. Because this Group is contained directly by the Scene, its upper-left corner’s location is

CHAPTER 1 ■ GETTING A JUMP START IN JAVAFX

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The layoutX and layoutY properties of the Group just described are examples of our earlier

statement that nodes contained in a Group will be affected by values assigned to properties of the

Group. Another example is setting the opacity property of a Group instance to 0.5, which causes all of

the nodes contained in that Group to become translucent. If the JavaFX API documentation is handy,

look at the properties available in the javafx.scene.Group class. Then look at the properties available in

the javafx.scene.Node class properties, which is where you’ll find the layoutX, layoutY, and opacity

variables that are inherited by the Group class.

Drawing Text

In the previous snippet, notice that several variables are available in the Text class. This particular

example is a little more complicated than the normal use of the Text class. Let’s first look at a typical

case, shown in the following snippet, in which you simply want to draw a string of text characters

somewhere in the scene.

TextBuilder.create()

.layoutX(65)

.layoutY(12)

.textOrigin(VPos.TOP)

.fill(Color.WHITE)

.text("Audio Configuration")

.font(Font.font("SansSerif", FontWeight.BOLD, 20))

.build(),

This snippet, borrowed from the Audio Configuration example in Figure 1-7 and Listing 1-3 later in

this chapter, draws the graphical Text string “Audio Configuration” in a bold Sans Serif font. The font

size is 20, and the color of the text is white.

Referring again to the JavaFX API documentation, notice that the VPos enum (in the javafx.geometry

package) has fields that serve as constants, for example, BASELINE, BOTTOM, and TOP. These control

the origin of the text with respect to vertical locations on the displayed Text:

• The TOP origin, as we’re using it in the previous code snippet, places the top of the

text (including ascenders) at the layoutY position, relative to the co-ordinate space

in which the Text is located.

• The BOTTOM origin would place the bottom of the text, including descenders

(located in a lowercase “g”, for example) at the layoutY position.

• The BASELINE origin would place the baseline of the text (excluding descenders)

at the layoutY position. This is the default value for the textOrigin property of a

Text instance.

While you’re looking at the javafx.scene.text package in the API documentation, take a look at the

font function of the Font class, which is used in the previous snippet to define the font family, weight,

and size of the Text.

CHAPTER 1 ■ GETTING A JUMP START IN JAVAFX

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Turning back again to the Hello Earthrise example in Listing 1-1, we’re using some additional

properties of the Text class that enable it to flow from one line to the next:

• The wrappingWidth property enables you to specify at what number of pixels the

text will wrap.

• The textAlignment property enables you to control how the text will be justified. In

our example, TextAlignment.JUSTIFY aligns the text on both the left and right

sides, expanding the space between words to achieve that.

The text that we’re displaying is sufficiently long to wrap and be drawn on the Earth, so we need to

define a rectangular region outside of which that text can’t be seen.

Clipping Graphical Areas

To define a clipping area, we assign a Node subclass to the clip property that defines the clipping shape,

in this case a Rectangle that is 430 pixels wide and 85 pixels high. In addition to keeping the Text from

covering the moon, when the Text scrolls up as a result of animation the clipping area keeps the Text

from covering the earth.

Animating the Text to Make It Scroll Up

When the HelloEarthriseMain program is invoked, the Text begins scrolling up slowly. To achieve this

animation, we’re using the TranslateTransition class located in the javafx.animation package, as shown

in the following snippet from Listing 1-1.

TranslateTransition transTransition = TranslateTransitionBuilder.create()

.duration(new Duration(75000))

.node(textRef)

.toY(-820)

.interpolator(Interpolator.LINEAR)

.cycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE)

.build();

...code omitted...

// Start the text animation

transTransition.play();

The javafx.animation package contains convenience classes for animating nodes. This

TranslateTransition instance (created by the TranslateTransitionBuilder class) translates the Text node

referenced by the textRef variable from its original Y position of 100 pixels to a Y position of –820 pixels,

over a duration of 75 seconds. The Interpolator.LINEAR constant is assigned to the interpolator

property, which causes the animation to proceed in a linear fashion. A look at the API docs for the

Interpolator class in the javafx.animation package reveals that there are other forms of interpolation

available, one of which is EASE_OUT, which slows down the animation toward the end of the specified

duration.

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