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AMSC N/A
D
ISTRIBUTION STATEMENT. : Approved for public release;distribution unlimited.
AREA TCSS
INTEROPERABILITY AND PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
FOR MEDIUM AND HIGH FREQUENCY
RADIO SYSTEMS
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
INTERFACE STANDARD
NOT
MEASUREMENT
SENSITIVE
MIL-STD-188-141B
1 MARCH 1999
SUPERSEDING
MIL-STD-188-141A
15 SEPTEMBER 1988
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MIL-STD-188-141B
i
FOREWORD
1. This standard is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of
Defense (DoD).
2. In accordance with DoD Instruction 4630.8, it is DoD policy that all forces for joint and
combined operations be supported through compatible, interoperable, and integrated Command,
Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) systems. Furthermore, all C3I systems
developed for use by U.S. forces are considered to be for joint use. The director of the Defense
Information Systems Agency (DISA) serves as DoD's single point of contact for developing
information technology standards to achieve interoperability and compatibility. All C3I systems
and equipment shall conform to technical and procedural standards for interface, interoperability,
and compatibility, as recommended by DISA.
3. MIL-STDs in the 188 series (MIL-STD-188-XXX) address telecommunication design
parameters based on proven technologies. These MIL-STDs are to be used in all new DoD
systems and equipment, or major upgrades thereto, to ensure interoperability. The MIL-STD-188
series is subdivided into a MIL-STD-188-100 series, covering common standards for tactical and
long-haul communications; a MIL-STD-188-200 series, covering standards for tactical
communications only; and a MIL-STD-300 series, covering standards for long-haul
communications only. Emphasis is being placed on the development of common standards for
tactical and long-haul communications (the MIL-STD-188-100 series). The MIL-STD-188 series
may be based on, or make reference to, Joint Technical Architecture, American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) standards, International Telecommunications Union -
Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) recommendations, North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) Standardization Agreements (STANAG), and other standards wherever
applicable.
4. This document contains technical standards and design objectives for medium- and
high-frequency radio systems. Included are: (1) the basic radio parameters to support both
conventional and adaptive radio communications; and (2) technical parameters for automatic link
establishment (ALE), linking protection, and other advanced adaptive features and functions.
5. The technical parameters in certain identified paragraphs have not (as of the date of
publication) been verified by testing or implementation. These parameters have, however, been
subjected to rigorous simulation and computer modeling. The DoD working group and the
Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) are confident that these features, functions, and
parameters are technically valid. The un-tested portion of the technology are marked (NT)
following the title of each paragraph containing un-tested material.
6. Users of this MIL-STD should note that there is no proprietary or otherwise restricted use
material in this document. This document is for unrestricted DoD, federal, and industry use.
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MIL-STD-188-141B
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PARAGRAPH PAGE
1. SCOPE. .......................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Scope.....................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Applicability. ........................................................................................................................1
1.3 Application guidance. ...........................................................................................................1
2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS...................................................................................................1
2.1 General..................................................................................................................................1
2.2 Government documents. .......................................................................................................1
2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks......................................................................1
2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications. .........................................2
2.3 Non-Government publications..............................................................................................2
2.4 Order of precedence..............................................................................................................3
3. DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................................3
3.1 Terms. ...................................................................................................................................3
3.2 Abbreviations and acronyms.................................................................................................4
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. .................................................................................................5
4.1 General..................................................................................................................................5
4.1.1 Equipment parameters....................................................................................................6
4.1.2 Basic HF radio parameters.............................................................................................6
4.2 Equipment operation mode...................................................................................................7
4.2.1 Baseline mode................................................................................................................7
4.2.2 Push-to-talk operation....................................................................................................8
4.2.3 ALE mode......................................................................................................................8
4.2.4 Anti-jam (AJ) mode. ......................................................................................................8
4.2.5 Linking protection (LP)..................................................................................................8
4.3 Interface parameters..............................................................................................................9
4.3.1 Electrical characteristics of digital interfaces.................................................................9
4.3.2 Electrical characteristics of analog interfaces. ...............................................................9
4.3.3 Modulation and data signaling rates. .............................................................................9
4.4 NATO and Quadripartite interoperability requirements. ......................................................9
4.4.1 Single-channel communications systems.......................................................................9
4.4.2 Maritime air communications systems...........................................................................9
4.4.3 High-performance HF data modems............................................................................10
4.4.4 QSTAGs.......................................................................................................................10
4.5 Adaptive communications. .................................................................................................10
4.6 Linking protection...............................................................................................................10
4.7 HF data link protocol. .........................................................................................................11
4.8 Networking functions..........................................................................................................11
4.8.1 Indirect calling and relaying.........................................................................................11
4.8.2 Network management. .................................................................................................11
4.9 Application protocols for HF radio networks. ....................................................................11
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MIL-STD-188-141B
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
PARAGRAPH PAGE
5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS. ..............................................................................................13
5.1 General................................................................................................................................13
5.1.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................13
5.1.2 Signal and noise relationships......................................................................................13
5.2 Common equipment characteristics....................................................................................14
5.2.1 Displayed frequency.....................................................................................................14
5.2.2 Frequency coverage......................................................................................................14
5.2.3 Frequency accuracy......................................................................................................14
5.2.4 Phase stability. .............................................................................................................14
5.2.5 Phase noise...................................................................................................................14
5.2.6 Bandwidths...................................................................................................................17
5.2.7 Overall channel responses............................................................................................17
5.2.8 Absolute delay..............................................................................................................19
5.3 Transmitter characteristics. .................................................................................................19
5.3.1 Noise and distortion. ....................................................................................................19
5.3.2 Spectral purity. .............................................................................................................21
5.3.3 Carrier suppression. .....................................................................................................23
5.3.4 Automatic level control (ALC). ...................................................................................23
5.3.5 Attack and release time delays.....................................................................................25
5.3.6 Signal input interface characteristics. ..........................................................................25
5.3.7 Transmitter output load impedance..............................................................................25
5.4 Receiver characteristics. .....................................................................................................27
5.4.1 Receiver rf characteristics. ...........................................................................................27
5.4.2 Receiver distortion and internally generated spurious outputs. ...................................28
5.4.3 Automatic gain control (AGC) characteristic. .............................................................29
5.4.4 Receiver linearity. ........................................................................................................29
5.4.5 Interface characteristics................................................................................................29
5.5 ALE.....................................................................................................................................30
5.5.1 Basic ALE (2G)............................................................................................................30
5.5.2 3G ALE........................................................................................................................30
5.6 LP........................................................................................................................................30
5.7 ALE control functions (orderwire functions)......................................................................30
5.8 Networking functions..........................................................................................................30
5.9 Network management. ........................................................................................................30
5.10 HF application interface....................................................................................................30
5.11 Data link protocol. ............................................................................................................31
5.12 Anti-jam capability. ..........................................................................................................31
5.13 Automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol........................................................................31
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MIL-STD-188-141B
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
PARAGRAPH PAGE
6. NOTES......................................................................................................................................31
6.1 Intended use. .......................................................................................................................31
6.2 Interaction matrix................................................................................................................31
6.3 Issue of DODISS.................................................................................................................34
6.4 Subject term (key word) listing...........................................................................................34
6.5 International standardization agreements............................................................................35
6.6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements..........................................................35
TABLES
TABLE I. Relaying alternative notes. ...........................................................................................13
TABLE II. Bandwidths..................................................................................................................17
TABLE III. Out-of-band power spectral density limits for radio transmitters..............................21
TABLE IV. Interaction matrix: General features.........................................................................32
FIGURES
FIGURE 1. Physical layer with transceiver and modem elements. ................................................7
FIGURE 2. Radio subsystems interface points...............................................................................9
FIGURE 3. Relaying alternatives..................................................................................................12
FIGURE 4. Phase noise limit mask for fixed site and transportable long-haul radio transmitters. 15
FIGURE 5. Phase noise limit mask for tactical radio transmitters. ..............................................16
FIGURE 6. Overall channel response for single-channel or dual-channel equipment. ................18
FIGURE 7. Overall channel characteristics (four-channel equipment). .......................................20
FIGURE 8. Out-of-band power spectral density for HF transmitters. ..........................................22
FIGURE 9. Discrete spurious emissions limit for HF transmitters. .............................................24
FIGURE 10. Output power vs. VSWR for transmitters with broadband output impedance
networks.................................................................................................................................26
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Automatic Link Establishment System ...................................................................36
Appendix B. Linking Protection .................................................................................................231
Appendix C. Third Generation HF Link Automation.................................................................264
Appendix D. HF Radio Networking ...........................................................................................440
Appendix E. Application Protocols for HF Radio Networks .....................................................488
Appendix F. Anti-jam and Anti-interference Techniques ..........................................................499
Appendix G. HF Data Link Protocol ..........................................................................................509
Appendix H. Management Information Base for Automated HF Radio Networks....................512
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