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GH_Bladed-4.8-Theory Manual
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GH-Bladed 4.8 Theory Manual,软件的理论手册,风电行业
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Bladed Theory Manual
Version 4.8
DISCLAIMER
Acceptance of this document by the client is on the basis that Garrad Hassan
& Partners Ltd is not in any way to be held responsible for the application or
use made of the findings of the results from the analysis and that such
responsibility remains with the client.
COPYRIGHT
All rights reserved. Duplications of this document in any form are not allowed
unless agreed in writing by Garrad Hassan & Partners Ltd.
© 2016 Garrad Hassan & Partners Ltd.
DNV GL
One Linear Park, Avon Street, Temple Quay, Bristol, BS2 0PS, UK
www.dnvgl.com/software
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
Bladed is an integrated software package for wind turbine performance and loading
calculations. It is intended for the following applications:
Preliminary wind turbine design
Detailed design and component specification
Certification of wind turbines
With its sophisticated graphical user interface, it allows the user to carry out the following
tasks in a straightforward way:
Specification of all wind turbine parameters:
Aerodynamic and structural properties
Power train and electrical systems
Sensors and actuators
Control and safety systems
Specification of environmental inputs and load cases:
Wind field
Waves and currents
Earthquakes
Turbine faults
Electrical network disturbances
Rapid calculation of steady-state performance characteristics, including:
Aerodynamic information
Performance coefficients
Power curves
Steady operating loads
Steady parked loads
Dynamic simulations covering all turbine states:
Normal running
Start-up
Normal and emergency shut-downs
Idling
Parked
Post-processing of results to obtain:
Basic statistics
Periodic component analysis
Probability density, revs at level, peak value and level crossing analysis
Spectral analysis
Cross-spectrum, coherence and transfer function analysis
Rainflow cycle counting and fatigue analysis
Combinations of variables
Dynamic power curve and annual energy yield
Ultimate loads (identification of worst cases)
Statistical extrapolation of extreme loads
Flicker severity
Presentation: results may be presented graphically and can be combined into a word
processor compatible report.
1.2 Theoretical background
The Garrad Hassan approach to the calculation of wind turbine performance and loading has
been developed over many years. The main aim of this development has been to produce
reliable tools for use in the design and certification of wind turbines.
Many of the models and theoretical methods incorporated in Bladed have been extensively
validated for wind turbines against monitored data from a wide range of turbines of many
different sizes and configurations, including:
WEG MS-1, UK, 1991
Howden HWP300 and HWP330, USA, 1993
ECN 25m HAT, Netherlands, 1993
Newinco 500kW, Netherlands, 1993
Nordex 26m, Denmark, 1993
Nibe A, Denmark, 1993
Holec WPS30, Netherlands, 1993
Riva Calzoni M30, Italy, 1993
Nordtank 300kW, Denmark, 1994
WindMaster 750kW, Netherlands, 1994
Tjaereborg 2MW, Denmark, 1994
Zond Z-40, USA, 1994
Nordtank 500kW, UK, 1995
Vestas V27, Greece, 1995
Danwin 200kW, Sweden, 1995
Carter 300kW, UK, 1995
NedWind 50, 1MW, Netherlands, 1996
DESA, 300kW, Spain 1997
NTK 600, UK, 1998
West Medit, Italy, 1998
Nordex 1.3 MW, Germany, 1999
The Wind Turbine Company 350 kW, USA, 2000
Windtec 1.3 MW, Austria, 2000
WEG MS-4, 400 kW, UK, 2000
EHN 1.3 MW, Spain, 2001
Vestas 2MW, UK, 2001
Lagerwey 750 Netherlands, 2001
Vergnet 200, France 2001
Areva M5000, 2013
Gamesa G97, 2015
GE Haliade 6MW, 2016
This document describes the theoretical background to the various models and numerical
methods incorporated in Bladed.
1.3 Support
Bladed is supplied with a one-year maintenance and support agreement, which can be
renewed for further periods. This support includes a ‘hot-line’ help service by telephone, fax
or e-mail:
Telephone: +44 (0)117 972 9900
User portal: https://renewableenergysoftwareportal.dnvgl.com/
E-mail bladed@dnvgl.com
1.4 Documentation
In addition to this Theory Manual, there is also a Bladed User Manual which explains how the
code can be used.
1.5 Acknowledgements
Bladed was developed with assistance from the Commission of the European Communities
under the JOULE II programme, project no. JOU2-CT92-0198. .
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