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增加DW1000测距距离的方法
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更新于2023-03-16
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增加DW1000测距距离的方法,一般的DW1000只能测试范围在20-50米
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© Decawave 2014 This document is confidential and contains information which is proprietary
to Decawave Limited. No reproduction is permitted without prior express written permission of
the author
APPLICATION NOTE: APS017
APS017 APPLICATION NOTE
MAXIMISING RANGE IN
DW1000 BASED SYSTEMS
Version 1.0
This document is subject to change without
notice
APS017: Maximising range in DW1000 based systems
© Decawave 2015 This document is confidential and contains information which is proprietary to
Decawave Limited. No reproduction is permitted without prior express written permission of the
author
Page 2 of 23
Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................... 3
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................ 3
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 4
1.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 WHAT DO WE MEAN BY “RANGE”? ................................................................................................................. 4
1.3 OVERVIEW OF THE DOCUMENT ....................................................................................................................... 5
2 WHAT DETERMINES COMMUNICATIONS RANGE? ................................................................................... 6
2.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF EACH OF THE INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS IN THE SYSTEM ............................................................... 6
3 SYSTEM PARAMETER CHOICES ................................................................................................................. 7
3.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 7
3.2 CHANNEL FREQUENCY .................................................................................................................................. 7
3.3 PCB LOSSES ................................................................................................................................................ 8
3.4 ANTENNA GAIN ........................................................................................................................................... 9
3.5 CLOCK SOURCES AND CLOCK OFFSET BETWEEN NODES ....................................................................................... 10
3.6 DATA RATE SELECTION ................................................................................................................................ 10
3.7 PREAMBLE SELECTION ................................................................................................................................. 10
3.8 OTHER FACTORS ........................................................................................................................................ 10
3.8.1 Attenuation introduced by product packaging ............................................................................. 10
3.8.2 Power supplies .............................................................................................................................. 11
4 OPTIMISING THE TRANSMITTER ............................................................................................................. 12
4.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF TRANSMITTER CALIBRATION ............................................................................................. 12
4.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 12
4.2.2 Mean power .................................................................................................................................. 12
4.2.3 Spectral mask ................................................................................................................................ 12
4.3 OPTIMISING TRANSMIT POWER USING SMART TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL .......................................................... 13
4.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 13
4.3.2 Using Smart Transmit Power Control............................................................................................ 13
4.3.3 Taking Smart Transmit Power Control to the limit ....................................................................... 13
4.4 INCREASING TRANSMIT POWER USING AN EXTERNAL POWER AMPLIFIER WHERE PERMITTED ..................................... 14
4.5 MINIMISING LOSSES IN THE TRANSMIT PATH FROM DW1000 TO ANTENNA .......................................................... 14
4.6 OPTIMISING THE TRANSMIT ANTENNA ............................................................................................................ 14
5 OPTIMISING THE RECEIVER .................................................................................................................... 16
5.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 16
5.2 MINIMISING LOSSES IN THE RECEIVE PATH FROM ANTENNA TO CHIP ..................................................................... 16
5.3 OPTIMISING THE SENSITIVITY OF THE DW1000 ............................................................................................... 16
5.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 16
5.3.2 Using the receiver operating parameter sets ............................................................................... 16
5.4 INCREASING THE SENSITIVITY OF THE DW1000 USING AN EXTERNAL LNA ............................................................ 16
5.5 OPTIMISING THE RECEIVE ANTENNA ............................................................................................................... 17
6 CHANNEL EFFECTS .................................................................................................................................. 18
6.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 18
6.2 LINE OF SIGHT VS. NON LINE OF SIGHT........................................................................................................... 18
6.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 18
6.2.2 Reduction in range due to signal attenuation in a NLOS channel ................................................. 18
6.3 MULTIPATH .............................................................................................................................................. 18
APS017: Maximising range in DW1000 based systems
© Decawave 2015 This document is confidential and contains information which is proprietary to
Decawave Limited. No reproduction is permitted without prior express written permission of the
author
Page 3 of 23
6.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 18
6.3.2 Multipath due to ground-bounce .................................................................................................. 19
7 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................... 21
7.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 21
7.2 SYSTEM PARAMETER CHOICES ....................................................................................................................... 21
7.3 OPTIMISING THE TRANSMITTER ..................................................................................................................... 21
7.4 OPTIMISING THE RECEIVER ........................................................................................................................... 21
8 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 22
8.1 LISTING .................................................................................................................................................... 22
9 DOCUMENT HISTORY ............................................................................................................................. 22
10 MAJOR CHANGES ............................................................................................................................... 22
11 ABOUT DECAWAVE ............................................................................................................................ 23
List of Figures
FIGURE 1: LINK MARGIN VS DISTANCE FOR TWO CHANNEL FREQUENCIES ................................................................................ 7
FIGURE 2: LINK MARGIN VS DISTANCE FOR TWO CHANNEL FREQUENCIES WITH ADDITIONAL LOSSES ............................................. 8
FIGURE 3: LINK MARGIN VS DISTANCE FOR TWO CHANNEL FREQUENCIES WITH ANTENNA GAIN ................................................... 9
FIGURE 4: IDEAL VS ACTUAL SPECTRUM PROFILES ............................................................................................................. 13
FIGURE 5: UWB PULSE WITH AND WITHOUT REFLECTIONS ................................................................................................. 19
FIGURE 6: MULTIPATH CAUSED BY REFLECTIONS FROM THE GROUND ................................................................................... 19
FIGURE 7: LINK MARGIN WITH GROUND BOUNCE ............................................................................................................. 20
FIGURE 8: TABLE OF REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 22
FIGURE 9: DOCUMENT HISTORY ................................................................................................................................... 22
List of Tables
TABLE 1: DOCUMENT OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................... 5
TABLE 2: REPRESENTATIVE PARAMETER SET FOR ILLUSTRATION PURPOSES ............................................................................... 7
TABLE 3: REPRESENTATIVE PARAMETER SET WITH PCB LOSSES ............................................................................................. 8
TABLE 4: REPRESENTATIVE PARAMETER SET WITH RECEIVE ANTENNA GAIN .............................................................................. 9
TABLE 5: REPRESENTATIVE PARAMETER SET FOR MULTI-PATH ILLUSTRATION PURPOSES ........................................................... 20
APS017: Maximising range in DW1000 based systems
© Decawave 2015 This document is confidential and contains information which is proprietary to
Decawave Limited. No reproduction is permitted without prior express written permission of the
author
Page 4 of 23
1 Introduction
1.1 Overview
This application note is concerned with how to maximise the effective communications range in
DW1000 based systems. It examines all parts of the communications link between two DW1000
based nodes and discusses the optimisations that can be made in each area to maximise the
effective range between the two nodes.
There are a number of other application notes available on www.decawave.com dealing with
particular aspects of the subject of this application note and these are referenced during the course of
this application note where relevant. www.decawave.com also contains details of Decawave’s
products as well as a range of additional support material.
1.2 What do we mean by “Range”?
In this note it is important to understand the distinction between the following terms: -
Term
Description
Primarily depends on
Communications
range
The range between two
DW1000 nodes at which
successful communication
takes place (as defined by
acceptable packet error rate
for a given application).
The total energy transmitted into the channel
by the transmitter and received at the receiver
over all paths between the two nodes. If this is
above the receiver sensitivity then
communications can occur.
Direct path
detection range
The range between two
DW1000 nodes at which the
DW1000 can correctly detect
and timestamp the direct path
signal between the two nodes
rather than any multipath.
The energy received at the receiver only over
the direct path between the transmitter and
receiver. This energy must be above a
dynamically adjusted threshold in order for it to
be detected by the DW1000.
These ranges may or may not be equal, depending on the channel. They are usually equal where
there is a line-of-sight (LOS) between DW1000 nodes but for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) cases they
may not be.
The DW1000 operates by deriving the impulse response of the communications channel between the
transmitter and receiver for each received frame. It does this by processing the preamble sequence
which comes at the start of every IEEE802.15.4-2011 UWB frame.
This allows the IC to: -
Detect the signal from below the noise floor.
Extract the direct path signal and any multipath signals that follow it.
Process the impulse response and timestamp the first peak in this response that exceeds a
dynamically adjusted detection threshold.
The DW1000 reports the time-stamp of this first peak in the impulse response via registers to which
the application software has access. This value can then be used in a variety of different ways to
implement location and ranging schemes.
APS017: Maximising range in DW1000 based systems
© Decawave 2015 This document is confidential and contains information which is proprietary to
Decawave Limited. No reproduction is permitted without prior express written permission of the
author
Page 5 of 23
1.3 Overview of the document
This document begins by presenting an overview of the key determinants of communications range
and goes on to investigate each of those determinants in detail.
The results of that investigation are presented as a set of “rules” that can be applied to your design to
ensure performance is maximised.
The document is organised as outlined in Table 1.
Table 1: Document overview
Section
Title
Description
Section 2
What determines range?
Gives an overview of the key elements that determine
range in a radio communications system.
Section 3
System Parameter choices
Discusses how the choice of operating parameters for
the DW1000 influences the range that can be
achieved.
Section 4
Optimising the transmitter
Deals with the various aspects of the transmitter that
need to be considered in order to maximise range.
Section 5
Optimising the receiver
Deals with the various aspects of the receiver that
need to be considered in order to maximise range.
Section 6
Channel effects
Deals with the impact of various channel effects on
range.
Section 7
Conclusion
Presents a summary of rules for getting maximum
range.
Section 8
References
Lists the sources cited in this application note.
Section 9
Document history
Presents the revision history of this application note.
Section 10
Major changes
Lists the changes between revisions of this
application note.
Section 11
About Decawave
Presents basic information about Decawave including
contact information
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