ANSYS Fluent 18.1 用户手册：流体动力学理论指南
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收藏 44.35MB PDF 举报 "ANSYS Fluent 18.1用户手册是针对这款流行的商业CFD（计算流体动力学）软件的理论指南，由ANSYS公司发布。Fluent软件在多个行业中广泛应用，包括航空航天、汽车设计、石油天然气和涡轮机设计等。该手册涵盖了丰富的物理模型、先进的数值方法以及强大的数据处理功能。"
ANSYS Fluent是一款全球领先的计算流体动力学软件，其18.1版本提供了许多关键特性和改进。在流体力学模拟领域，Fluent以其准确性和效率而闻名，能够处理复杂的流体流动、热传递和化学反应问题。以下是ANSYS Fluent 18.1的一些核心知识点：
1. **物理模型**：Fluent支持多种物理模型，如连续介质力学、粘性流、无粘流、湍流模型（如RANS和LES）、多相流、燃烧和化学反应、传热（对流、辐射和导热）等。这些模型允许用户根据实际工程问题选择合适的模拟方法。
2. **数值方法**：Fluent采用有限体积法进行数值求解，确保了对流、扩散和源项的精确处理。它还支持不同的离散方案，如第一阶迎风、第二阶中心差分和高阶精度方法，以平衡计算精度和稳定性。
3. **网格系统**：Fluent内置了强大的网格生成工具ICEM CFD，支持结构化、非结构化和混合网格，使得用户可以处理各种几何形状和复杂边界条件。
4. **前处理与后处理**：Fluent提供直观的图形用户界面（GUI）进行几何导入、网格操作和边界条件设置。后处理功能强大，能生成各种可视化结果，如流线图、速度矢量图、温度分布图等。
5. **自动化与脚本功能**：通过ANSYS Workbench集成，Fluent可以与其他ANSYS产品协同工作，实现多物理场模拟。同时，它支持脚本编程（如Python和Moose），用于自动化工作流程和定制化分析。
6. **并行计算**：Fluent支持大规模并行计算，利用MPI（消息传递接口）在多处理器系统或集群上运行，大幅提升了计算效率，尤其对于大型复杂问题。
7. **求解器优化**：Fluent 18.1可能包含了求解器性能的提升，如更快的收敛速度、更稳定的求解策略和优化内存管理，使得用户能够在较短时间内获得准确的解决方案。
8. **专业应用模块**：Fluent还提供了专门针对特定行业的模块，如汽车行业的热管理和航空航天的气动声学，进一步增强了其在各领域的应用能力。
9. **用户自定义模型**：用户可以通过UDF（用户定义函数）来扩展Fluent的功能，实现自定义的物理模型或算法，以满足特定研究需求。
10. **技术支持与社区**：ANSYS公司提供了全面的技术支持和丰富的在线资源，包括文档、教程和用户论坛，帮助用户解决在使用过程中遇到的问题。
ANSYS Fluent 18.1是一个功能强大的CFD工具，适用于各种工程和科研中的流体动力学问题，其强大的功能和易用性使其成为行业内的首选软件。
16.3. Laws for Drag Coefficients ........................................................................................................... 399
16.3.1. Spherical Drag Law ............................................................................................................. 400
16.3.2. Non-spherical Drag Law ..................................................................................................... 400
16.3.3. Stokes-Cunningham Drag Law ............................................................................................ 400
16.3.4. High-Mach-Number Drag Law ............................................................................................ 401
16.3.5. Dynamic Drag Model Theory .............................................................................................. 401
16.3.6. Dense Discrete Phase Model Drag Laws .............................................................................. 401
16.3.7. Bubbly Flow Drag Laws ...................................................................................................... 402
16.3.7.1. Ishii-Zuber Drag Model .............................................................................................. 402
16.3.7.2. Grace Drag Model ...................................................................................................... 403
16.3.8. Rotational Drag Law ........................................................................................................... 403
16.4. Laws for Heat and Mass Exchange ............................................................................................... 404
16.4.1. Inert Heating or Cooling (Law 1/Law 6) ............................................................................... 404
16.4.2. Droplet Vaporization (Law 2) ............................................................................................... 406
16.4.2.1. Mass Transfer During Law 2—Diffusion Controlled Model ........................................... 407
16.4.2.2. Mass Transfer During Law 2—Convection/Diffusion Controlled Model ........................ 408
16.4.2.3. Defining the Saturation Vapor Pressure and Diffusion Coefficient (or Binary Diffusiv-
ity) ......................................................................................................................................... 408
16.4.2.4. Defining the Boiling Point and Latent Heat ................................................................. 409
16.4.2.5. Heat Transfer to the Droplet ....................................................................................... 410
16.4.3. Droplet Boiling (Law 3) ....................................................................................................... 412
16.4.4. Devolatilization (Law 4) ...................................................................................................... 413
16.4.4.1. Choosing the Devolatilization Model .......................................................................... 413
16.4.4.2.The Constant Rate Devolatilization Model ................................................................... 413
16.4.4.3.The Single Kinetic Rate Model .................................................................................... 414
16.4.4.4.The Two Competing Rates (Kobayashi) Model ............................................................. 415
16.4.4.5.The CPD Model .......................................................................................................... 415
16.4.4.5.1. General Description .......................................................................................... 415
16.4.4.5.2. Reaction Rates .................................................................................................. 416
16.4.4.5.3. Mass Conservation ............................................................................................ 417
16.4.4.5.4. Fractional Change in the Coal Mass .................................................................... 417
16.4.4.5.5. CPD Inputs ........................................................................................................ 418
16.4.4.5.6. Particle Swelling During Devolatilization ............................................................ 419
16.4.4.5.7. Heat Transfer to the Particle During Devolatilization ........................................... 420
16.4.5. Surface Combustion (Law 5) ............................................................................................... 420
16.4.5.1.The Diffusion-Limited Surface Reaction Rate Model .................................................... 421
16.4.5.2.The Kinetic/Diffusion Surface Reaction Rate Model ..................................................... 421
16.4.5.3. The Intrinsic Model .................................................................................................... 422
16.4.5.4.The Multiple Surface Reactions Model ........................................................................ 423
16.4.5.4.1. Limitations ........................................................................................................ 424
16.4.5.5. Heat and Mass Transfer During Char Combustion ....................................................... 424
16.4.6. Multicomponent Particle Definition (Law 7) ........................................................................ 424
16.4.6.1. Raoult’s Law .............................................................................................................. 426
16.4.6.2. Peng-Robinson Real Gas Model .................................................................................. 426
16.5.Vapor Liquid Equilibrium Theory .................................................................................................. 426
16.6. Physical Property Averaging ........................................................................................................ 428
16.7.Wall-Particle Reflection Model Theory .......................................................................................... 430
16.7.1. Rough Wall Model .............................................................................................................. 432
16.8.Wall-Jet Model Theory ................................................................................................................. 434
16.9.Wall-Film Model Theory ............................................................................................................... 435
16.9.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 435
16.9.2. Interaction During Impact with a Boundary ......................................................................... 436
Release 18.1 - © ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.xvi
Theory Guide
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