深入理解ARMv8架构与指令集分析

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"该资源是一份关于ARMv8架构与指令集的学习笔记,涵盖了ARMv8的基本概念、执行状态、异常级别、寄存器结构、异常模型以及指令集的详细解析,旨在帮助读者深入理解这一现代处理器架构的核心要素。" 在深入探讨ARMv8架构之前,首先要理解其基础认识。ARMv8是ARM公司推出的64位架构,它扩展了传统的32位ARM(Advanced RISC Machines)架构,引入了名为AArch64的64位执行状态,同时保留了原有的32位执行状态(ARM和 Thumb 指令集)。ARMv8架构不仅增强了性能,还提高了能效,广泛应用于移动设备、服务器和嵌入式系统。 执行状态(Execution State)是ARMv8的一个关键概念,包括AArch32和AArch64。AArch32支持传统的32位ARM指令集,而AArch64则为64位指令集,提供了更高效的内存访问和计算能力。执行状态的选择通常取决于操作系统和应用的需求,可以在运行时切换。 异常级别(Exception Level, EL)是ARMv8异常模型的核心部分,用于管理不同安全级别的执行环境。EL3是最高的异常级别,通常用于安全监控或虚拟化环境,而EL0和EL1分别对应用户模式和操作系统内核模式。EL3在AArch64下通常使用64位模式,而在AArch32下可以是32位或64位。 异常处理逻辑是ARMv8架构中的另一个重点,包括不同类型异常的识别(如IRQ中断、FIQ快速中断、数据abort等)以及相应的处理流程。异常发生时,处理器会保存当前执行状态,切换到适当的异常级别,并根据路由规则来决定如何响应异常。路由规则定义了异常如何从一个执行状态转移到另一个状态,以及如何处理中断和快速中断。 寄存器是处理器执行指令的基础,ARMv8架构有多种类型的寄存器,包括通用寄存器、浮点寄存器、系统寄存器等。在AArch32状态下,寄存器组织与传统的ARM指令集相似,而在AArch64状态下,寄存器数量增加,提供了更高的并行处理能力。 ARMv8指令集包括A64和A32/T32两部分。A64指令集是专门为64位环境设计的,具有简洁的指令格式和丰富的指令种类,如数据处理、加载/存储、跳转、异常产生和返回等。A32和T32指令集则用于32位环境,T32是一种更紧凑的变体,适用于减少代码大小。 这份学习笔记详尽地介绍了ARMv8架构的各个方面,从基础概念到高级特性,对于开发者和系统设计人员来说,是一份宝贵的参考资料,可以帮助他们理解和利用这一强大的处理器架构。
2016-12-29 上传
This manual describes the ARM® architecture v8, ARMv8. The architecture describes the operation of an ARMv8-A Processing element (PE), and this manual includes descriptions of: • The two Execution states, AArch64 and AArch32. • The instruction sets: — In AArch32 state, the A32 and T32 instruction sets, that are compatible with earlier versions of the ARM architecture. — In AArch64 state, the A64 instruction set. • The states that determine how a PE operates, including the current Exception level and Security state, and in AArch32 state the PE mode. • The Exception model. • The interprocessing model, that supports transitioning between AArch64 state and AArch32 state. • The memory model, that defines memory ordering and memory management. This manual covers a single architecture profile, ARMv8-A, that defines a Virtual Memory System Architecture (VMSA). • The programmers’ model, and its interfaces to System registers that control most PE and memory system features, and provide status information. • The Advanced SIMD and floating-point instructions, that provide high-performance: — Single-precision and double-precision floating-point operations. — Conversions between double-precision, single-precision, and half-precision floating-point values. — Integer, single-precision floating-point, and in A64, double-precision vector operations in all instruction sets. — Double-precision floating-point vector operations in the A64 instruction set. • The security model, that provides two security states to support secure applications. • The virtualization model, that support the virtualization of Non-secure operation. • The Debug architecture, that provides software access to debug features.