emWin 5.28 用户与参考指南

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"emWin 5.28是SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG在2015年2月发布的图形库的最新版本，适用于GUI（图形用户界面）开发。这个版本增加了新功能，旨在提升嵌入式系统的图形性能和用户体验。" emWin是一款广泛应用于嵌入式系统的图形库，其版本5.28在2015年3月时被视为最新版本，带来了若干改进和增强。这个软件是SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG的产品，该公司的专业领域在于提供高质量的嵌入式系统解决方案。emWin的主要功能是提供一套完整的图形用户界面库，帮助开发者创建具有丰富图形界面的嵌入式应用。文档UM03001是emWin V5.28的用户和参考指南，包含了详细的技术信息和使用说明，旨在帮助开发人员充分利用emWin的功能。文档的修订版号为1，日期为2015年2月6日，确保了提供的信息是最新的。尽管如此，SEGGER提醒用户，由于持续的研发和优化，文档中的规格和信息可能有所变更，建议用户定期更新手册以获取最新资讯。 SEGGER对文档中的任何错误或遗漏不承担任何责任，并明确声明不提供任何形式的明示或暗示保修，包括但不限于适销性和特定用途适用性的保修。这意味着用户在使用emWin时应自行承担风险，尽管SEGGER致力于提供准确的信息，但并不保证软件完全无误。版权方面，未经SEGGER事先书面许可，用户不得提取手册的部分内容或修改PDF文件。这保护了SEGGER的知识产权，确保了emWin的用户能获得完整、未被篡改的官方指导。 emWin 5.28是一个针对嵌入式设备的图形库，提供了GUI设计所需的工具和资源，版本5.28在当时代表了SEGGER的最新技术成果，为开发者提供了强大的图形界面开发能力。通过详细的用户和参考指南，开发者能够更有效地利用emWin创建出功能丰富的嵌入式应用界面。

UM03001 User & Reference Guide for emWin V5.28 ©

1997 - 2015 SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG

EMBEDDED SOFTWARE

(Middleware)

emWin

Graphics software and GUI

emWin is designed to provide an effi-

cient, processor- and display control-

ler-independent graphical user

interface (GUI) for any application that

operates with a graphical display.

embOS

Real Time Operating System

embOS is an RTOS designed to offer

the benefits of a complete multitasking

system for hard real time applications

with minimal resources.

embOS/IP

TCP/IP stack

embOS/IP a high-performance TCP/IP

stack that has been optimized for

speed, versatility and a small memory

footprint.

emFile

File system

emFile is an embedded file system with

FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32 support. Vari-

ous Device drivers, e.g. for NAND and

NOR flashes, SD/MMC and Compact-

Flash cards, are available.

USB-Stack

USB device/host stack

A USB stack designed to work on any

embedded system with a USB control-

ler. Bulk communication and most stan-

dard device classes are supported.

SEGGER TOOLS

Flasher

Flash programmer

Flash Programming tool primarily for micro con-

trollers.

J-Link

JTAG emulator for ARM cores

USB driven JTAG interface for ARM cores.

J-Trace

JTAG emulator with trace

USB driven JTAG interface for ARM cores with

Trace memory. supporting the ARM ETM (Embed-

ded Trace Macrocell).

J-Link / J-Trace Related Software

Add-on software to be used with SEGGER’s indus-

try standard JTAG emulator, this includes flash

programming software and flash breakpoints.

Table 0.1:

SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG develops

and distributes software development tools and ANSI C

software components (middleware) for embedded sys-

tems in several industries such as telecom, medical

technology, consumer electronics, automotive industry

and industrial automation.

SEGGER’s intention is to cut software development time

for embedded applications by offering compact flexible and easy to use middleware,

allowing developers to concentrate on their application.

Our most popular products are emWin, a universal graphic software package for embed-

ded applications, and embOS, a small yet efficient real-time kernel. emWin, written

entirely in ANSI C, can easily be used on any CPU and most any display. It is comple-

mented by the available PC tools: Bitmap Converter, Font Converter, Simulator and

Viewer. embOS supports most 8/16/32-bit CPUs. Its small memory footprint makes it

suitable for single-chip applications.

Apart from its main focus on software tools, SEGGER develops and produces programming

tools for flash micro controllers, as well as J-Link, a JTAG emulator to assist in develop-

ment, debugging and production, which has rapidly become the industry standard for

debug access to ARM cores.

Corporate Office:

http://www. segger.com

United States Office:

http://www.segger-us.com

1 Introduction to emWin....................................................................................................33

1.1 Purpose of this document .........................................................................33

1.2 Requirements..........................................................................................33

1.2.1 Target system (hardware) ........................................................................33

1.2.2 Development environment (compiler).........................................................34

1.3 Features.................................................................................................34

1.4 Examples and demos ...............................................................................35

1.5 Starter kits .............................................................................................35

1.6 Screen and coordinates ............................................................................36

1.7 How to connect the display to the microcontroller ........................................36

1.8 Data types..............................................................................................37

2 Getting Started...............................................................................................................39

2.1 Recommended project structure ................................................................40

2.2 Subdirectories.........................................................................................40

2.2.1 Include directories ...................................................................................40

2.3 Adding emWin to the target program .........................................................41

2.4 Creating a library.....................................................................................41

2.4.1 Adapting the library batch files to a different system ....................................42

2.5 C files to include in the project ..................................................................44

2.6 Configuring emWin ..................................................................................45

2.7 Initializing emWin....................................................................................46

2.8 Using emWin with target hardware ............................................................47

2.9 The "Hello world" example program ...........................................................48

3 Simulation ......................................................................................................................49

3.1 Using the simulation ................................................................................50

3.1.1 Rotating and mirroring the screen..............................................................50

3.1.2 Using the simulation with the trial version of emWin.....................................50

3.1.2.1 Directory structure...................................................................................50

3.1.2.2 Visual C++ workspace..............................................................................51

3.1.2.3 Compiling the demo program ....................................................................51

3.1.2.4 Compiling the samples .............................................................................51

3.1.3 Using the simulation with the emWin source................................................52

3.1.3.1 Directory structure...................................................................................52

3.1.3.2 Visual C++ workspace..............................................................................53

3.1.3.3 Compiling the application..........................................................................53

3.1.4 Advanced features of the simulation...........................................................53

3.1.4.1 Pause and Resume ..................................................................................53

3.1.4.2 View system info .....................................................................................54

3.1.4.3 Copy to clipboard ....................................................................................54

3.2 Device simulation ....................................................................................55

3.2.1 Generated frame view..............................................................................56

3.2.2 Custom bitmap view ................................................................................56

3.2.3 Window view...........................................................................................57

3.3 Device simulation API...............................................................................58

3.4 Hardkey simulation..................................................................................63

3.4.1 Hardkey simulation API ............................................................................64

3.5 Integrating the emWin simulation into an existing simulation.........................67

3.5.1 Directory structure...................................................................................67

Table of Contents

3.5.2 Using the simulation library ...................................................................... 67

3.5.2.1 Modifying WinMain .................................................................................. 67

3.5.2.2 Example application................................................................................. 68

3.5.3 Integration into the embOS Simulation....................................................... 69

3.5.3.1 WinMain................................................................................................. 69

3.5.3.2 Target program (main) ............................................................................ 70

3.5.4 GUI simulation API .................................................................................. 71

4 Viewer............................................................................................................................75

4.1 Using the viewer ..................................................................................... 76

4.1.1 Using the simulation and the viewer .......................................................... 76

4.1.2 Using the viewer with virtual pages ........................................................... 77

4.1.3 Always on top......................................................................................... 77

4.1.4 Open further windows of the display output ................................................ 77

4.1.5 Zooming ................................................................................................ 78

4.1.6 Copy the output to the clipboard ............................................................... 78

4.1.7 Using the viewer with multiple displays ...................................................... 79

4.1.8 Using the viewer with multiple layers ......................................................... 79

5 emWinSPY.....................................................................................................................81

5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 82

5.1.1 Requirements ......................................................................................... 82

5.1.2 Availability ............................................................................................. 82

5.2 Starting the emWinSPY server... ............................................................... 82

5.2.1 ...in the simulation environment................................................................ 82

5.2.2 ...on the target hardware ......................................................................... 82

5.2.3 GUI_SPY_X_StartServer........................................................................... 82

5.3 The emWinSPY viewer ............................................................................. 83

5.3.1 The screen ............................................................................................. 83

5.3.1.1 Status area ............................................................................................ 83

5.3.1.2 History area ........................................................................................... 84

5.3.1.3 Windows area......................................................................................... 85

5.3.1.4 Input area.............................................................................................. 86

5.3.2 Connecting to target................................................................................ 86

5.3.3 Configuration options............................................................................... 87

5.3.4 Taking a screenshot from the target .......................................................... 87

5.4 emWinSPY API........................................................................................ 88

6 Displaying Text ..............................................................................................................91

6.1 Basic routines......................................................................................... 92

6.2 Drawing modes....................................................................................... 92

6.3 Position ................................................................................................. 93

6.4 Text API................................................................................................. 94

6.4.1 Displaying text........................................................................................ 95

6.4.2 Drawing modes......................................................................................102

6.4.3 Alignment .............................................................................................103

6.4.4 Position ................................................................................................104

7 Displaying Values ........................................................................................................105

7.1 Value API..............................................................................................106

7.1.1 Displaying decimal values........................................................................106

7.1.2 Displaying floating point values ................................................................110

7.1.3 Displaying binary values..........................................................................112

7.1.4 Displaying hexadecimal values.................................................................113

7.1.5 Version of emWin...................................................................................114

8 2-D Graphic Library......................................................................................................115

8.1 Graphic API ...........................................................................................116

8.1.1 Drawing related functions........................................................................119

8.1.2 Basic drawing routines ........................................................................... 122

8.1.3 Alpha blending ...................................................................................... 128

8.1.4 Drawing bitmaps ................................................................................... 131

8.1.5 Drawing streamed bitmaps ..................................................................... 133

8.1.6 Drawing lines ........................................................................................ 142

8.1.7 Drawing polygons .................................................................................. 146

8.1.8 Drawing circles...................................................................................... 150

8.1.9 Drawing ellipses .................................................................................... 151

8.1.10 Drawing arcs......................................................................................... 152

8.1.11 Drawing graphs..................................................................................... 153

8.1.12 Drawing pie charts................................................................................. 154

8.1.13 Saving and restoring the GUI-context....................................................... 155

8.1.14 Info about screen changes ...................................................................... 155

8.1.15 Avoiding tearing effects.......................................................................... 158

9 Displaying bitmap files .................................................................................................159

9.1 BMP file support .................................................................................... 160

9.1.1 Supported formats................................................................................. 160

9.1.2 BMP API ............................................................................................... 160

9.2 JPEG file support ................................................................................... 166

9.2.1 Supported JPEG compression methods ..................................................... 166

9.2.2 Converting a JPEG file to C source............................................................ 166

9.2.3 Displaying JPEG files .............................................................................. 166

9.2.4 Memory usage ...................................................................................... 167

9.2.5 Progressive JPEG files ............................................................................ 167

9.2.6 JPEG API .............................................................................................. 167

9.3 GIF file support ..................................................................................... 172

9.3.1 Converting a GIF file to C source ............................................................. 172

9.3.2 Displaying GIF files ................................................................................ 172

9.3.3 Memory usage ...................................................................................... 172

9.3.4 GIF API ................................................................................................ 172

9.4 PNG file support .................................................................................... 181

9.4.1 Converting a PNG file to C source ............................................................ 181

9.4.2 Displaying PNG files ............................................................................... 181

9.4.3 Memory usage ...................................................................................... 181

9.4.4 PNG API ............................................................................................... 181

9.5 Getting data with the ...Ex() functions...................................................... 185

10 Bitmap Converter.......................................................................................................187

10.1 What it does ......................................................................................... 188

10.2 Loading a bitmap................................................................................... 188

10.2.1 Supported input file formats.................................................................... 188

10.2.2 Loading from a file................................................................................. 188

10.2.3 Using the clipboard ................................................................................ 189

10.3 Color conversion.................................................................................... 189

10.4 Dithering.............................................................................................. 190

10.5 Using a custom palette........................................................................... 190

10.5.1 Saving a palette file ............................................................................... 191

10.5.2 Palette file format.................................................................................. 191

10.5.3 Palette files for fixed palette modes.......................................................... 191

10.5.4 Converting a bitmap .............................................................................. 191

10.6 Generating C files from bitmaps............................................................... 191

10.6.1 Supported bitmap formats ...................................................................... 192

10.6.2 Palette information ................................................................................ 192

10.6.3 Transparency ........................................................................................ 193

10.6.4 Alpha blending ...................................................................................... 193

10.6.5 Selecting the best format........................................................................ 194

10.6.6 Saving the file....................................................................................... 195

10.7 Generating C stream files ....................................................................... 196

10.8 Compressed bitmaps.............................................................................. 197

10.9 Creating animated sprites / cursors ..........................................................197

10.10 Command line usage ..............................................................................199

10.10.1 Format for commands.............................................................................199

10.10.2 Command line options ............................................................................199

10.11 Example of a converted bitmap ................................................................201

11 Fonts..........................................................................................................................205

11.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................206

11.2 Font types.............................................................................................206

11.3 Font formats..........................................................................................208

11.3.1 C file format ..........................................................................................208

11.3.2 System Independent Font (SIF) format .....................................................208

11.3.3 External Bitmap Font (XBF) format ...........................................................209

11.3.4 iType font engine support........................................................................210

11.3.5 TrueType Font (TTF) format.....................................................................211

11.4 Converting a TTF file to C source..............................................................212

11.5 Declaring custom fonts ...........................................................................212

11.6 Selecting a font......................................................................................212

11.7 Font API................................................................................................213

11.7.1 C file related font functions......................................................................213

11.7.2 ’SIF’ file related font functions..................................................................215

11.7.3 ’TTF’ file related font functions .................................................................216

11.7.4 ’XBF’ file related font functions.................................................................219

11.7.5 Common font-related functions ................................................................221

11.8 Character sets .......................................................................................226

11.8.1 ASCII ...................................................................................................226

11.8.2 ISO 8859-1 Western Latin character set....................................................226

11.8.3 Unicode ................................................................................................228

11.9 Font Converter.......................................................................................229

11.9.1 Adding fonts..........................................................................................229

11.10 Standard fonts.......................................................................................230

11.10.1 Font identifier naming convention.............................................................230

11.10.2 Font file naming convention.....................................................................231

11.10.3 Measurement, ROM-size and character set of fonts .....................................231

11.10.4 Proportional fonts...................................................................................232

11.10.4.1 Overview ..............................................................................................232

11.10.4.2 Font details ...........................................................................................232

11.10.4.3 Characters ............................................................................................234

11.10.5 Proportional fonts, framed.......................................................................241

11.10.5.1 Overview ..............................................................................................241

11.10.5.2 Font details ...........................................................................................241

11.10.5.3 Characters ............................................................................................241

11.10.6 Monospaced fonts ..................................................................................242

11.10.6.1 Overview ..............................................................................................242

11.10.6.2 Font details ...........................................................................................242

11.10.6.3 Characters ............................................................................................243

11.10.7 Digit fonts (proportional).........................................................................249

11.10.7.1 Overview ..............................................................................................249

11.10.7.2 Font details ...........................................................................................249

11.10.7.3 Characters ............................................................................................249

11.10.8 Digit fonts (monospaced) ........................................................................251

11.10.8.1 Overview ..............................................................................................251

11.10.8.2 Font details ...........................................................................................251

11.10.8.3 Characters ............................................................................................251

12 Font Converter...........................................................................................................253

12.1 Requirements ........................................................................................254

12.2 Creating an emWin font file from a Windows font .......................................255

12.3 Font generation options dialog .................................................................257

12.3.1 Type of font to generate..........................................................................257

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