IEEE 802.15.6标准：人体无线区域网络技术指南

IEEE802.15.6

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IEEE 802.15.6标准，全称为"IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 15.6: Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs)", 是由计算机协会的局域网/城域网标准委员会发起的一项关键技术规范。此标准关注于人体附近或内部的短距离无线通信，旨在为医疗、健身、健康监测等领域提供安全、高效和低功耗的解决方案。它采用了工业科学医学(ISM)频段，这些频段经过国家医学和/或监管机构的许可，确保在使用过程中对公众健康和电磁辐射的安全性。标准规定了数据传输速率高达10 Mbps，支持服务质量(QoS)以确保通信的可靠性和稳定性。由于人体的生理差异，如性别、体型等因素，标准特别强调了对人体比吸收率(SAR)的严格控制，通过优化辐射方向图和设计，以减少对人体潜在危害。此外，考虑到用户活动可能带来的移动性，标准也应对便携式天线性能进行了适应性设计，以应对人体运动导致的无线环境变化。 IEEE 802.15.6标准适用于短距离的无线人体网络，例如可穿戴设备、植入式医疗设备和健康监测系统等。这些设备通常工作在人体周围的环境中，需要满足低能耗和高度兼容性的要求，以确保长期连续运行且不影响用户的日常活动。该标准的批准日期为2012年2月6日，其目标是推动医疗领域的创新，比如远程监控、手术辅助和健康数据采集，同时也促进了可穿戴技术的发展，如智能手表、健康追踪器等。下载和使用该标准时，必须遵守南华科技大学的授权许可，并注意来自IEEE Explore网站的相关使用限制。 IEEE 802.15.6标准是现代无线个人和医疗设备通信的核心基础，对于推进无线医疗设备的发展和实现智能化生活具有重要意义。随着技术的进步，未来可能会有更多针对人体特定需求和场景的改进版本出现，以适应不断发展的物联网和健康科技领域。

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IEEE Std 802.15.6-2012

IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks―

Part 15.6: Wireless Body Area Networks

2. Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must

be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is

explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of

the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.

ETSI EN 301 839-1, V1.3.1 (2009,), Electromagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM);

Short Range Devices (SRD); Ultra Low Power Active Medical Implants (ULP-AMI) and Peripherals

(ULP-AMI-P) operating in the frequency range 402 MHz to 405 MHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and

test methods.

FIPS Pub 186-3 (2009), Digital Signature Standard (DSS).

FIPS Pub 197 (2001), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).

IEEE Std 802

-2001, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and

Architecture.

IEEE Std 1363™-2000, IEEE Standard Specifications for Public-Key Cryptography.

ISO/IEC 10646:2003, Information Technology—Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS).

Amendment 1, November 2005; Amendment 2, July 2006; Amendment 3, February 2008.

NIST Special Publication 800-38B (2005), Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The

CMAC Mode for Authentication.

NIST Special Publication 800-38C (2004), Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The

CCM Mode for Authentication and Confidentiality.

3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards

Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions [B1] should be consulted for terms not defined in this

clause.

3.1 Definitions

abbreviated address: A one-octet identifier (ID) selected as an address for a node, hub, or body area

network (BAN) in frame exchanges.

active state: An internal power management state that is ready for frame reception and transmission.

ETSI publications are available from the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (http://www.etsi.org).

FIPS publications are available from the National Technical Information Service (http://www.ntis.gov/).

IEEE publications are available from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (http://standards.ieee.org).

The IEEE standards or products referred to in Clause 2 are trademarks owned by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers, Incorporated.

ISO/IEC publications are available from the ISO Central Secretariat (http://www.iso.org/). ISO publications are also available in the

United States from the American National Standards Institute (http://www.ansi.org/).

NIST publications are available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (http://www.nist.gov/).

The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions is available at http://shop.ieee.org/.

The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A.

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　规范性参考资料

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IEEE Std 802.15.6-2012

IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks―

Part 15.6: Wireless Body Area Networks

active superframe: A superframe in which frame transmission typically occurs within the body area

network (BAN) of the hub announcing such a superframe.

allocation: One or more time intervals that a node or a hub obtains using an access method for initiating

one or more frame transactions. An allocation comprises one or more allocation intervals. Reference to

allocation of a node means that the node is the sender or recipient in the allocation.

allocation interval: A continuous time interval in an allocation, comprising one or more consecutive

allocation slots. Reference to allocation interval of a node means that the node is the sender or recipient in

the allocation interval.

allocation slot: A time unit used to designate the lengths of medium access related time intervals, such as

beacon period (superframe) and allocation interval.

beacon: A frame transmitted by a hub to facilitate network management, such as the coordination of

medium access and power management of the nodes in the body area network (BAN) of the hub, and to

facilitate clock synchronization therein.

beacon period: A repetitive time interval to which medium access is referenced and in which a beacon is

transmitted when appropriate, comprising the same number of time units (allocation slots) of equal

duration.

bilink: A communications link for transfer of management and data traffic from a hub to a node or/and

vice versa.

bilink allocation: An allocation with allocation interval(s) in which a hub or a node initiates one or more

frame transactions to transmit management and data traffic to a node or a hub, respectively, and the

recipient returns acknowledgment if required, with the provision that the node initiates frame transaction(s)

only after receiving a poll from the hub.

connected node: A node that has a connection with a hub.

connection: A relationship between a node and a hub in a body area network (BAN), substantiated by a

connected node identification assigned to the node by the hub and by a wakeup arrangement between them,

and optionally by one or more scheduled allocations or unscheduled bilink allocations between them.

contended allocation: A non-reoccurring time interval, within a random access phase (RAP) or a

contention access phase (CAP), that a node obtains using random access for initiating a frame transaction.

A contended allocation is an uplink allocation, suitable for servicing “unpredictable” uplink traffic (for

example, due to data rate variations and/or channel impairments).

contention access: An access method, based on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance

(CSMA/CA) or slotted Aloha access but not both, whereby a node obtains a time interval in a contention

access phase (CAP) for initiating one or more frame transactions. As an access method, contention access

is synonymous with random access.

contention access phase (CAP): A time span set aside by a hub and announced via a preceding non-

beacon frame for contention access to the medium by the nodes in the body area network (BAN) of the

hub.

downlink: A communications link for transfer of management and data traffic from a hub to a node.

downlink allocation: An allocation with allocation interval(s) in which a hub initiates one or more frame

transactions to transmit management and data traffic to a node and the node returns acknowledgment if

required.

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IEEE Std 802.15.6-2012

IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks―

Part 15.6: Wireless Body Area Networks

entity authentication: Corroboration of the identity of the node or the hub in a security association

procedure.

exclusive access phase (EAP): A time span set aside by a hub in a beacon period (superframe) for transfer

of the traffic of the highest user priority (UP) (for emergency or medical implant event report).

frame: An uninterrupted sequence of octets delivered by the medium access control (MAC) sublayer to the

physical (PHY) layer, or vice versa, within a node or a hub.

hub: An entity that possesses a node’s functionality and coordinates the medium access and power

management of the nodes in its body area network (BAN).

hub identifier (HID): An abbreviated address of a hub.

improvised access: An access method, based on impromptu polling or posting by a hub, whereby a hub

grants to a node or itself a polled or posted allocation, typically outside scheduled downlink and uplink

allocations, for initiating one or more frame transactions by the node or hub, respectively.

inactive state: An internal power management state that is not ready for frame reception and transmission.

inactive superframe: A superframe in which no frame transmission occurs within the body area network

(BAN) of the hub announcing such a superframe.

information element (IE): An optional part, with variable but self-identifiable length, of some frames.

managed access phase (MAP): A time span set aside by a hub for improvised access, scheduled access,

and unscheduled access to the medium by the hub and the nodes in the body area network (BAN) of the

hub.

master key (MK): A secret bit string activated or established between a node and a hub in a security

association procedure and used to create a pairwise temporal key (PTK) shared between them.

message authentication: Corroboration of the origin of a message in a message transfer.

multi-periodic (m-periodic) allocation: A scheduled allocation or an unscheduled bilink allocation that

has allocation intervals reoccurring in every mth beacon period (superframe) with m being an integer larger

than one. An m-periodic scheduled allocation is an uplink allocation, a downlink allocation, or a bilink

allocation, suitable for servicing low duty cycle periodic or quasi-periodic traffic on a committed schedule.

An m-periodic unscheduled allocation is a bilink allocation, suitable for servicing low duty cycle periodic

or quasi-periodic traffic on a best-effort basis.

node: An entity that contains a medium access control (MAC) sublayer, a physical (PHY) layer, and that

optionally provides security services.

node identifier (NID): An abbreviated address of a single node or of a logical group of nodes.

nonce: A number that is unique per instantiation of a cryptography protocol as part of a measure to thwart

cryptanalytic and other cryptographic attacks.

non-secure frame: A term that is interchangeable with unsecured frame.

one-periodic (1-periodic) allocation: A scheduled allocation that has allocation intervals reoccurring in

every beacon period (superframe), or an unscheduled bilink allocation that has allocation intervals

reoccurring in every beacon period (superframe) or in round-robin together with the allocation intervals of

other 1-periodic unscheduled bilink allocations. A 1-periodic scheduled allocation is an uplink allocation, a

Authorized licensed use limited to: SOUTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY. Downloaded on August 28,2020 at 03:41:03 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 802.15.6-2012

IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks―

Part 15.6: Wireless Body Area Networks

downlink allocation, or a bilink allocation, suitable for servicing high duty cycle periodic or quasi-periodic

traffic on a committed schedule. A 1-periodic unscheduled bilink allocation is a bilink allocation, suitable

for servicing high duty cycle periodic or quasi-periodic traffic on a best-effort basis.

pairwise temporal key (PTK): A secret bit string shared between a node and a hub and used to secure

frames transferred between them.

pairwise temporal key (PTK) creation: A procedure used to create a PTK between a node and a hub

based on a master key (MK) shared between them, and to confirm possession of a shared MK between the

node and the hub.

poll: A control type frame or its variant sent by a hub to grant an immediate polled allocation to the

addressed node or to inform the node of a future poll or post.

polled allocation: A non-reoccurring time interval that a hub grants to a node using polling access for

initiating one or more frame transactions by the node. A polled allocation is an uplink allocation interval,

suitable for servicing “ordinary,” “unexpected,” or “extra” uplink traffic (for example, due to data rate

variations and/or channel impairments). A polled allocation is also called a polled allocation interval.

polling access: An access method, based on impromptu or scheduled polling by a hub, whereby a hub

grants to a node a polled allocation for initiating one or more frame transactions by the node.

post: A management or data type frame sent by a hub to a node within its body area network (BAN). A

post starts a posted allocation.

posted allocation: A non-reoccurring time interval that a hub grants to itself using posting access for

initiating a frame transaction. A posted allocation is a downlink allocation interval, suitable for servicing

“unexpected” or “extra” downlink traffic (for example, due to network management needs, data rate

variations, and/or channel impairments).

posting access: An access method, based on impromptu or scheduled posting by a hub, whereby a hub

grants to itself a posted allocation, typically outside scheduled uplink allocations, for initiating one or more

frame transactions by the hub.

random access: An access method, based on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance

(CSMA/CA) or slotted Aloha access but not both, whereby a node obtains a time interval in a random

access phase (RAP) for initiating one or more frame transactions.

random access phase (RAP): A time span set aside by a hub and announced via a beacon frame for

random access to the medium by the nodes in the body area network (BAN) of the hub.

relayed node: A node that communicates with a hub through another node.

relaying node: A node through which another node communicates with a hub.

scheduled access: An access method, based on advance reservation and committed scheduling, whereby a

node and a hub obtain scheduled reoccurring time intervals for initiating frame transactions.

scheduled allocation: One or more scheduled reoccurring time intervals that a node and a hub obtains

using scheduled access for initiating frame transactions. A scheduled allocation is an uplink allocation, a

downlink allocation, or a bilink allocation, suitable for servicing high or low duty cycle periodic or quasi-

periodic traffic on a committed schedule.

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IEEE Std 802.15.6-2012

IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks―

Part 15.6: Wireless Body Area Networks

scheduled-polling access: A combination of scheduled access and polling access, whereby a node and a

hub obtain scheduled reoccurring time intervals, wherein the hub grants to the node and/or itself non-

reoccurring time intervals for initiating frame transactions on uplink and/or downlink.

secure frame: A term that is interchangeable with secured frame.

secured communication: Exchange of secured frames.

secured frame: A frame that is secured with authenticity, integrity, confidentiality if required, and replay

protection.

security association: A procedure used to identify a node and a hub to each other and establish a new

master key (MK) shared between them or activate an existing MK pre-shared between them.

star network: A logical network partition comprising a hub and zero or more nodes whose medium access

and power management are coordinated by the hub.

superframe: A term that is interchangeable with beacon period used especially when no beacons are

transmitted.

type-I polled allocation: A polled allocation the length of which is specified in terms of the duration of

time granted for transmission.

type-I polling access: Polling access that provides type-I polled allocations.

type-II polled allocation: A polled allocation the length of which is specified in terms of the number of

frames granted for transmission.

type-II polling access: Polling access that provides type-II polled allocations.

unconnected node: A node that does not have a connection with a hub in a body area network (BAN).

unscheduled access: A combination of best-effort scheduled access and polling access, whereby a node

and a hub obtain unscheduled reoccurring time intervals, wherein the hub grants to the node and/or itself

non-reoccurring time intervals for initiating frame transactions in an uplink and/or downlink.

unscheduled bilink allocation: One or more unscheduled reoccurring time intervals that a node and a hub

obtains using unscheduled access for initiating frame transactions. An unscheduled bilink allocation is a

bilink allocation, suitable for servicing high or low duty cycle periodic or quasi-periodic traffic in an uplink

and/or downlink on a best-effort basis.

unsecured communication: Exchange of unsecured frames.

unsecured frame: A frame that is not secured with authenticity, integrity, confidentiality, or replay

protection.

uplink allocation: An allocation with allocation interval(s) in which a node initiates one or more frame

transactions to transmit management and data traffic to a hub and the hub returns acknowledgment if

required.

uplink: A communications link for transfer of management and data traffic from a node to a hub.

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