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人工智能报告之机器学习
Artificial Intelligence Report of Machine Learning
2020 年第 1 期
顾问:唐杰
2020 年 1 月

II
目录
1 概述篇 ······································································································ 1
1.1 机器学习的概念 ·············································································· 1
1.2 机器学习的发展历史 ········································································ 1
2 技术篇 ······································································································ 2
2.1 机器学习算法分类 ······································································· 2
2.2 机器学习的经典代表算法 ······························································ 2
2.3 生成对抗网络及对抗机器学习 ························································ 3
2.3.1 生成对抗网络 ······································································· 3
2.3.2 对抗机器学习 ······································································· 4
2.4 自动机器学习 ············································································· 4
2.4.1 AutoML ··············································································· 4
2.4.2 ATMSeer ············································································· 5
2.5 可解释性机器学习 ······································································· 6
2.6 在线学习 ··················································································· 6
2.7 BERT ························································································ 7
2.8 卷积与图卷积 ············································································· 8
2.8.1 卷积 ··················································································· 8
2.8.2 图卷积 ················································································ 9
2.9 隐私保护 ·················································································· 10
3 深度学习篇······························································································· 11
3.1 卷积神经网络 ············································································ 12
3.2 AutoEncoder ·············································································· 12
3.3 循环神经网络 RNN ····································································· 13
3.4 网络表示学习与图神经网络 GNN ··················································· 13
3.5 增强学习 ·················································································· 14
3.6 生成对抗网络 ············································································ 14
3.7 老虎机 ····················································································· 15
3.8 图神经网络 ··············································································· 15
3.9 深度学习近期重要进展 ································································ 16
3.9.1 2018 年三大进展 ··································································· 16
3.9.2 2019 年三大进展 ··································································· 17
4 论文解读篇······························································································· 18
5 人才篇 ····································································································· 21
5.1 学者情况概览 ············································································ 21
5.2 代表性学者简介 ········································································· 23
5.2.1 国际代表性学者 ··································································· 24
5.2.2 国内代表性学者 ··································································· 24
5.3 NeurIPS 十年高引学者 ································································· 26
6 应用篇 ····································································································· 30
6.1 行业应用 ·················································································· 30
6.1.1 金融行业应用 ······································································ 30
6.1.2 自动驾驶 ············································································ 31
6.1.3 健康和医疗 ········································································· 32
6.1.4 零售业 ··············································································· 34

6.1.5 制造业 ··············································································· 34
6.2 北京智谱华章科技有限公司介绍 ···················································· 35
7 趋势篇 ····································································································· 39
8 资源篇 ····································································································· 40
8.1 开源代码 ·················································································· 40
8.2 预训练 ····················································································· 41
8.3 课程 ························································································ 41
8.4 数据集 ····················································································· 42
8.5 机器学习知识树 ········································································· 43
参考文献 ········································································································ 45

IV
图目录
图 1-1 机器学习发展历程 ............................................................................................................. 1
图 2-1 机器学习分类 ..................................................................................................................... 2
图 2-2 GAN 发展脉络 ...................................................................................................................... 3
图 2-3 AutoML 基本过程 ................................................................................................................ 5
图 2-4 ATMSeer 自动机器学习定制化工具的用户友好型交互界面 .......................................... 5
图 2-5 Transformer 的网络架构 .................................................................................................. 8
图 2-6 图卷积示意图 ..................................................................................................................... 9
图 3-1 深度学习模型最近若干年的重要进展 ........................................................................... 11
图 3-2 卷积神经网络的重要进展 ............................................................................................... 12
图 3-3 Auto-Encoder 的重要进展 .............................................................................................. 12
图 3-4 循环神经网络 RNN 的重要进展 ....................................................................................... 13
图 3-5 网络表示学习与图神经网络的重要进展 ........................................................................ 13
图 3-6 增强学习的重要进展 ....................................................................................................... 14
图 3-7 生成对抗网络的重要进展 ............................................................................................... 14
图 3-8 老虎机的重要进展 ........................................................................................................... 15
图 5-1 机器学习领域全球学者分布 ........................................................................................... 21
图 5-2 机器学习领域学者 h-index 分布 ................................................................................... 22
图 5-3 机器学习领域中国学者分布 ........................................................................................... 22
图 6-1 自动驾驶目标识别、运动预测 ....................................................................................... 32
图 7-1 机器学习技术趋势 ........................................................................................................... 39
表目录
表 4-1 ICML 近 10 年 best paper ............................................................................................... 18
表 4-2 NeurIPS 近 10 年 best paper ......................................................................................... 19
表 5-1 机器学习领域中国与各国合作论文情况 ....................................................................... 23
表 5-2 NeurIPS 高引学者 TOP100 ............................................................................................... 26
表 8-1 机器学习三级知识树 ........................................................................................................ 43

概述篇
1
1 概述篇
1.1 机器学习的概念
机器学习已经成为了当今的热门话题,但是从机器学习这个概念诞生到机器学习技术的
普遍应用经过了漫长的过程。在机器学习发展的历史长河中,众多优秀的学者为推动机器学
习的发展做出了巨大的贡献。
从 1642 年 Pascal 发明的手摇式计算机,到 1949 年 Donald Hebb 提出的赫布理论——解
释学习过程中大脑神经元所发生的变化,都蕴含着机器学习思想的萌芽。事实上,1950 年
图灵在关于图灵测试的文章中就已提及机器学习的概念。到了 1952 年,IBM 的亚瑟·塞缪
尔(Arthur Samuel,被誉为“机器学习之父”)设计了一款可以学习的西洋跳棋程序。塞缪
尔和这个程序进行多场对弈后发现,随着时间的推移,程序的棋艺变得越来越好
[1]
。塞缪尔
用这个程序推翻了以往“机器无法超越人类,不能像人一样写代码和学习”这一传统认识。
并在 1956 年正式提出了“机器学习”这一概念。
对机器学习的认识可以从多个方面进行,有着“全球机器学习教父”之称的 Tom
Mitchell 则将机器学习定义为:对于某类任务 T 和性能度量 P,如果计算机程序在 T 上以 P
衡量的性能随着经验 E 而自我完善,就称这个计算机程序从经验 E 学习。
普遍认为,机器学习(Machine Learning,常简称为 ML)的处理系统和算法是主要通过
找出数据里隐藏的模式进而做出预测的识别模式,它是人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,常
简称为 AI)的一个重要子领域。
1.2 机器学习的发展历史
从机器学习发展的过程上来说,其发展的时间轴如下所示:
图 1-1 机器学习发展历程
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