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首页掌握Nmap:网络扫描与安全分析基础
掌握Nmap:网络扫描与安全分析基础
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更新于2023-06-03
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"Nmap Essentials(PACKT,2015)" 是一本关于Nmap网络端口扫描器的入门书籍,旨在帮助读者掌握如何在不同环境中有效地使用和优化Nmap进行网络安全分析。 Nmap是一个强大的网络主机识别工具,常用于检测网络上的活动主机和服务。它免费、灵活且易于实施,使得Nmap成为网络管理员和安全专业人员的首选工具。本书通过详细介绍Nmap的基础和高级扫描技术,以及如何利用Nmap脚本引擎(NSE),帮助读者提升网络扫描效率和安全性。 书中首先介绍了Nmap的基本概念,并指导读者在各种流行的操作系统上安装Nmap。然后,深入讲解了如何执行基本扫描(如端口扫描、主机发现)和高级扫描(如操作系统检测、服务指纹识别),以及如何利用NSE执行自定义脚本来增强扫描功能。同时,书中还探讨了如何在Nmap与其他工具(如Nessus、Nikto、Burp Suite)集成时优化性能,对比了NSE与NASL扫描的区别和应用。 通过阅读本书,读者将能够深入了解网络安全性分析的关键点,学习如何利用Nmap进行大规模网络的安全评估和监控。无论是对于新手还是有经验的网络专业人士,这本书都能提供宝贵的指导,帮助他们在网络防御战中掌握关键的侦查和防护技能。 请注意,尽管本书尽力确保信息的准确性,但作者和出版商不对因使用本书内容可能引起的任何直接或间接损害承担责任。此外,书中提到的所有公司和产品商标信息,Packt Publishing已尽力提供准确的标识,但可能存在疏漏,不构成法律担保。
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Preface
[ vii ]
Code words in text, database table names, folder names, lenames, le extensions,
pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows:
"If you want to make Nmap less verbose than normal, you can also use the
--reduce-verbosity ag."
A block of code is set as follows:
action = function(host, port)
local robots = http.get(host, port, "/robots.txt")
if robots.status == 200 then
return "robots.txt status 200"
else
return "robots.txt status: " .. robots.status
end
end
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on
the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this:
"Once the scan is completed, clicking on Vulnerabilities shows the current list of
vulnerabilities detected on the target scope."
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tips and tricks appear like this.
Reader feedback
Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about
this book—what you liked or disliked. Reader feedback is important for us as it helps
us develop titles that you will really get the most out of.
To send us general feedback, simply e-mail
feedback@packtpub.com, and mention
the book's title in the subject of your message.
If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing
or contributing to a book, see our author guide at
www.packtpub.com/authors.
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Preface
[ viii ]
Customer support
Now that you are the proud owner of a Packt book, we have a number of things to
help you to get the most from your purchase.
Downloading the example code
You can download the example code les from your account at
http://www.packtpub.com for all the Packt Publishing books you have purchased.
If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit http://www.packtpub.com/
support
and register to have the les e-mailed directly to you.
Errata
Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes
do happen. If you nd a mistake in one of our books—maybe a mistake in the text or
the code—we would be grateful if you could report this to us. By doing so, you can
save other readers from frustration and help us improve subsequent versions of this
book. If you nd any errata, please report them by visiting http://www.packtpub.
com/submit-errata
, selecting your book, clicking on the Errata Submission Form
link, and entering the details of your errata. Once your errata are veried, your
submission will be accepted and the errata will be uploaded to our website, or added
to any list of existing errata, under the Errata section of that title.
To view the previously submitted errata, go to
https://www.packtpub.com/books/
content/support
and enter the name of the book in the search eld. The required
information will appear under the Errata section.
Piracy
Piracy of copyrighted material on the Internet is an ongoing problem across all
media. At Packt, we take the protection of our copyright and licenses very seriously.
If you come across any illegal copies of our works, in any form, on the Internet,
please provide us with the location address or website name immediately so that we
can pursue a remedy.
Please contact us at
copyright@packtpub.com with a link to the suspected
pirated material.
We appreciate your help in protecting our authors, and our ability to bring you
valuable content.
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[ 1 ]
Introduction to Nmap
Before we get started with the technical intricacies of mastering Nmap, it's a good
idea to understand how Nmap itself began and evolved as a project. This tool has
been around for almost twenty years, and is a well-loved and often-used component
across many technical industries.
In this chapter, we will cover:
• How the Nmap project began
• The evolution of the tool itself
• New add-ons to the Nmap suite
• How to install Nmap on Windows, OS X, and Linux
Nmap's humble beginnings
Nmap started from humble beginnings. Unlike the commercial security tools that
are released today, the very rst Nmap was only about 2,000 lines of code—and
was released in 1997 in issue 51 of Phrack, a hacker "zine" that was started in 1985.
Nmap's timeline is a fascinating one, and its growth has been phenomenal. The
general timeline of Nmap development is as follows:
• At the time of release, Nmap did not have very many features; in fact, it was
bare bones. There was no version number attached to this release of Nmap
because the developers did not plan to release any future versions. Nmap
was designed only to scan for open ports on a target machine, and only
worked when run from a Linux host and compiled with gcc.
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