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首页MetaPost简明教程(英文)注释版.pdf
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MetaPost: A Very Brief Tutorial
osurs@bluewin.ch Urs Oswald http://www.ursoswald.ch
October 3, 2002
Contents
1 A2B 2
2 LineSegments 3
3 Circles 4
4 CircleParametrization 5
5 BezierCurves 7
6 GraphSqrt 8
7 Paths 9
8 StringLabels 11
9 TeXLabels 13
10 LaTeXLabels 15
11 Equations 17
12 Mediation 19
13 Precedence 21
14 Directions 23
15 Times 25
16 Colors 27
17 Slanted 28
18 Scaled 30
19 xScaled 33
20 zScaled 35
21 Transform 38
22 Functions 41
23 ForSuffixes 43
24 Recursiveness 47
25 RecursivePath 48
26 ifthenInLabel 50
27 NewOperators 52
1
1 A2B
beginfig(1)
draw (100, 100)--(350, 275);
endfig;
end
2
2 LineSegments
u:=25; % 25 = 25bp = 25 PostScript points = 25/72 in
wi:=10; % width in units u
he:=7; % height in units u
hoehe:=he*u; % height
breite:=wi*u; % width
beginfig(1)
% --- Grid ---
for i=0 upto he:
draw (0, i*u)--(breite, i*u) withcolor .7white;
endfor
for j=0 upto wi:
draw (j*u, 0)--(j*u, hoehe) withcolor .7white;
endfor
% --- End Grid ---
draw (0, 0)--(breite, 0)--(breite, hoehe)--(0, hoehe)--cycle;
% --- Line Segment ---
draw (.7u, 4u)--(5u, 6.5u);
% --- Arrow ---
drawarrow (6.4u, 6u)--(9.5u, 4.8u);
pickup pencircle scaled 2; % default:
% 0.5 (= 0.5bp = 0.5 PostScript Points)
% --- Polyline ---
draw (u, 5u)--(0, 4u)--(u, 3u)--(2u, 4u)--(3u, 3u)--(u,u)--(2u, 0)--(3u, u);
% --- Polyarrow ---
drawarrow (5u, 5u)--(4u, 3u)--(5u, 4u)--(4u, 2u)--(6u, 3u)--(5u, u);
% --- Polygon ---
fill (7.7u, .3u)--(9.6u, 1.5u)--(9.3u, 3.6u)--(7.2u, 3.8u)
--(6.4u, 2.5u)--(7.3u, 1.9u)--cycle withcolor .9white;
pickup pencircle scaled .5;
draw (7.7u, .3u)--(9.6u, 1.5u)--(9.3u, 3.6u)--(7.2u, 3.8u)
--(6.4u, 2.5u)--(7.3u, 1.9u)--cycle;
endfig;
end
3
3 Circles
%
% /home/osurs/latex/metapost/TutorialAugsburg/tutorial/Circles/Circles.mp
% 18.09.02
%
u:=25; % 25 = 25bp = 25 PostScript points = 30/72 in
wi:=10; % width in units u
he:=7; % height in units u
hoehe:=he*u; % height
breite:=wi*u; % width
beginfig(1)
% --- Grid ---
for i=0 upto he:
draw (0, i*u)--(breite, i*u) withcolor .7white;
endfor
for j=0 upto wi:
draw (j*u, 0)--(j*u, hoehe) withcolor .7white;
endfor
% --- End Grid ---
draw (0, 0)--(breite, 0)--(breite, hoehe)--(0, hoehe)--cycle;
%%% %%%
%%% fullcircle %%%
%%% halfcircle %%%
%%% %%%
draw fullcircle scaled 3u shifted (5u, 5.2u);
draw fullcircle xscaled 3u yscaled 1.2u shifted (5u, 2.2u);
draw fullcircle xscaled 1.2u yscaled 3u shifted (8u, 5.2u);
fill fullcircle xscaled 3u yscaled 1.2u rotated 45 shifted (8u, 2.2u) withcolor .9white;
draw fullcircle xscaled 3u yscaled 1.2u rotated 45 shifted (8u, 2.2u);
draw halfcircle scaled 2u shifted (1.5u, 5u);
pickup pencircle scaled 1.5;
draw halfcircle scaled 2u rotated 90 shifted (1.5u, 4u) withcolor red;
draw halfcircle scaled 2u rotated -90 shifted (1.5u, 3u) withcolor blue;
endfig;
end
4
4 CircleParametrization
t = 0
t = 1
point 2 of p0
t = 3
4
t = 5
6
t = 7
p0
length(p0)=8
t = 0
t = 1 - p oint 1 of p1
t = 2
t = 3
t = 4
t = 5
t = 6
t = 7
p1
subpath (0, 4) of p2
subpath (4, 8) of p2
p3
u:=25; % 25 = 25bp = 25 PostScript points = 25/72 in
wi:=10; % width in units u
he:=7; % height in units u
hoehe:=he*u; % height
breite:=wi*u; % width
path p[];
p0:=fullcircle scaled 3u shifted (2.3u, hoehe-2.1u);
p1:=fullcircle xscaled 3u yscaled u rotated 225 shifted (2.3u, 1.6u);
p2:=fullcircle xscaled 4u yscaled 2u shifted (7.25u, hoehe/2);
p3:=fullcircle xscaled 5u yscaled 6.5u shifted (7.25u, hoehe/2);
def draw_point(expr P, colInt, colPer) =
fill fullcircle scaled 1.5mm shifted P withcolor colInt;
draw fullcircle scaled 1.5mm shifted P withcolor colPer;
enddef;
beginfig(1)
% --- Draw frame ---
draw (0, 0)--(breite, 0)--(breite, hoehe)--(0, hoehe)--cycle;
draw p0; % Draw p0
pickup pencircle scaled 1.5;
draw subpath (0, 4) of p0 withcolor red;
pickup pencircle scaled 0.5;
for t=0 upto 7:
z[t]=point t of p0;
draw_point(z[t], white, red);
if (t<2) or (t=7):
label.rt("t = "&decimal t, z[t]);
elseif t=2:
label.top("point "&decimal t&" of p0", z[t]);
elseif (t=3) or (t=5):
label.lft("t = "&decimal t, z[t]);
elseif t=4:
label.lft(decimal t, z[t]);
else:
label.ulft(decimal t, z[t]);
fi
endfor
label("p0", center p0 + (0, .25u));
label("length(p0)="&decimal length(p0), center p0 - (0, .25u));
5
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