![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/4475490/bg11.jpg)
High frequency model
Time scale: crank angle deg
Physical models for the air path
and the combustion
Scalability approach for IC Engine - Model Scalability
Map Engine
Time scale: 0.1 s
Maps for fuel consumption, performance
& emissions
Mean Value Engine Model
Time scale: engine cycle
Maps for the in-cylinder process and
physical model for the air path system
3D CFD model
Time scale: turbulence
Detailed physical models
Functional
Tabulated
Geometrical
Detailed thermal model
Metal masses & exchanges
with oil/coolant
Drive model approach
Mapped models
Cooling system model
Functional model