《Network Warrior》第二版：实战网络工程师指南

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"《Network Warrior》第二版是由拥有20年网络经验的老手 Gary A. Donahue 所著，这是一本深入且实用的网络基础设施指南，涵盖了从布线到路由器的方方面面。本书不仅聚焦于帮助读者通过诸如 CCNA 等 Cisco 认证考试，更重要的是，它提供了实际工作中所需的策略和技能，这些内容在考试中可能并未涉及，但却对提升网络工程师的职业能力至关重要。这本书的独特之处在于它将理论知识与实践相结合，确保读者不仅能掌握理论基础，如网络架构、协议理解和故障排除，还能学会如何在现实环境中有效地设计、配置和维护网络系统。对于那些希望在 IT 行业立足，特别是寻求进入 Cisco 网络管理领域的专业人士来说，《Network Warrior》是一部不可或缺的参考书籍。在第二版中，作者可能更新了最新的网络技术，包括但不限于 SD-WAN、云计算安全和物联网(IoT)等新兴领域，以适应不断变化的技术环境。此外，书中可能还包含了案例研究和实战项目，以帮助读者在实践中巩固所学知识。无论你是初入职场的新人，还是希望提升现有技能的网络专家，阅读《Network Warrior》都能让你更好地理解网络工程的全貌，提升问题解决能力和职业竞争力。同时，对于教育机构和企业来说，这本书也适合作为培训教材，提供给员工进行专业发展。这本书是一本实用的工具书，不仅有助于通过认证考试，更注重培养实际操作能力，是每一位 IT 网络工程师职业生涯中的一座桥梁。无论是对于个人学习还是团队培训，都具有很高的价值。"

Nonpriority Queue Too Large 624

Default Queue Too Small 626

Default Queue Too Large 626

35. Designing Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

Documentation 627

Requirements Documents 628

Port Layout Spreadsheets 629

IP and VLAN Spreadsheets 633

Bay Face Layouts 634

Power and Cooling Requirements 634

Tips for Network Diagrams 636

Naming Conventions for Devices 637

Network Designs 639

Corporate Networks 639

Ecommerce Websites 643

Modern Virtual Server Environments 648

Small Networks 648

36.

IP Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Public Versus Private IP Space 649

VLSM 652

CIDR 654

Allocating IP Network Space 656

Allocating IP Subnets 658

Sequential 658

Divide by Half 660

Reverse Binary 660

IP Subnetting Made Easy 663

37. IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671

Addressing 673

Subnet Masks 675

Address Types 675

Subnetting 677

NAT 678

Simple Router Configuration 679

38. Network Time Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

What Is Accurate Time? 689

NTP Design 691

Configuring NTP 693

NTP Client 693

xiv | Table of Contents

Preface

The examples used in this book are taken from my own experiences, as well as from

the experiences of those with or for whom I have had the pleasure of working. Of course,

for obvious legal and honorable reasons, the exact details and any information that

might reveal the identities of the other parties involved have been changed.

Cisco equipment is used for the examples within this book and, with very few excep-

tions, the examples are TCP/IP-based. You may argue that a book of this type should

include examples using different protocols and equipment from a variety of vendors,

and, to a degree, that argument is valid. However, a book that aims to cover the breadth

of technologies contained herein, while also attempting to show examples of these

technologies from the point of view of different vendors, would be quite an impractical

size. The fact is that Cisco Systems (much to the chagrin of its competitors, I’m sure)

is the premier player in the networking arena. Likewise, TCP/IP is the protocol of the

Internet, and the protocol used by most networked devices. Is it the best protocol for

the job? Perhaps not, but it is the protocol in use today, so it’s what I’ve used in all my

examples. Not long ago, the Cisco CCIE exam still included Token Ring Source Route

Bridging, AppleTalk, and IPX. Those days are gone, however, indicating that even Cisco

understands that TCP/IP is where everyone is heading. I have included a chapter on

IPv6 in this edition, since it looks like we’re heading that way eventually.

WAN technology can include everything from dial-up modems (which, thankfully, are

becoming quite rare) to T1, DS3, SONET, MPLS, and so on. We will look at many of

these topics, but we will not delve too deeply into them, for they are the subject of entire

books unto themselves—some of which may already sit next to this one on your

O’Reilly bookshelf.

Again, all the examples used in this book are drawn from real experiences, most of

which I faced myself during my career as a networking engineer, consultant, manager,

and director. I have run my own company and have had the pleasure of working with

some of the best people in the industry. The solutions presented in these chapters are

the ones my teams and I discovered or learned about in the process of resolving the

issues we encountered.

xvii

I faced a very tough decision when writing the second edition of this book. Should I

keep the CatOS commands or discard them in favor of newer Nexus NX-OS examples?

This decision was tough not only because my inclusion of CatOS resulted in some praise

from my readers, but also because as of this writing in early 2011, I’m still seeing CatOS

switches running in large enterprise and ecommerce networks. As such, I decided to

keep the CatOS examples and simply add NX-OS commands.

I have added many topics in this book based mostly on feedback from readers. New

topics include Cisco Nexus, wireless, MPLS, IPv6, and Voice over IP (VoIP). Some of

these topics are covered in depth, and others, such as MPLS, are purposely light for

reasons outlined in the chapters. Topics such as Nexus and VoIP are vast and added

significantly to the page count of an already large and expensive book. I have also

removed the chapters on server load balancing, both because I was never really happy

with those chapters and because I could not get my hands on an ACE module or ap-

pliance in order to update the examples.

On the subject of examples, I have updated them to reflect newer hardware in every

applicable chapter. Where I used 3550 switches in the first edition, I now use 3750s.

Where I used PIX firewalls, I now use ASA appliances. I have also included examples

from Cisco Nexus switches in every chapter that I felt warranted them. Many chapters

therefore have examples from Cat-OS, IOS, and NX-OS. Enjoy them, because I guar-

antee that CatOS will not survive into the third edition.

Who Should Read This Book

This book is intended for anyone with first-level certification knowledge of data net-

working. Anyone with a CCNA or equivalent (or greater) knowledge should benefit

from this book. My goal in writing Network Warrior is to explain complex ideas in an

easy-to-understand manner. While the book contains introductions to many topics,

you can also consider it a reference for executing common tasks related to those topics.

I am a teacher at heart, and this book allows me to teach more people than I’d ever

thought possible. I hope you will find the discussions both informative and enjoyable.

I have noticed over the years that people in the computer, networking, and telecom

industries are often misinformed about the basics of these disciplines. I believe that in

many cases, this is the result of poor teaching or the use of reference material that does

not convey complex concepts well. With this book, I hope to show people how easy

some of these concepts are. Of course, as I like to say, “It’s easy when you know how,”

so I have tried very hard to help anyone who picks up my book understand the ideas

contained herein.

If you are reading this, my guess is that you would like to know more about networking.

So would I! Learning should be a never-ending adventure, and I am honored that you

have let me be a part of your journey. I have been studying and learning about com-

puters, networking, and telecom for the last 29 years, and my journey will never end.

xviii | Preface

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