Optics Communications 410 (2018) 787–792
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Optics Communications
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/optcom
A wideband photonic microwave phase shifter with 360-degree phase
tunable range based on a DP-QPSK modulator
Yang Chen
School of Information Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
a r t i c l e i n f o
Keywords:
Microwave photonics
Photonic signal processing
Phase shifter
DP-QPSK modulator
a b s t r a c t
A novel wideband photonic microwave phase shifter with 360-degree phase tunable range is proposed based
on a single dual-polarization quadrature phase shift-keying (DP-QPSK) modulator. The two dual-parallel Mach–
Zehnder modulators (DP-MZMs) in the DP-QPSK modulator are properly biased to serve as a carrier-suppressed
single-sideband (CS-SSB) modulator and an optical phase shifter (OPS), respectively. The microwave signal is
applied to the CS-SSB modulator, while a control direct-current (DC) voltage is applied to the OPS. The first-order
optical sideband generated from the CS-SSB modulator and the phase tunable optical carrier from the OPS are
combined and then detected in a photodetector, where a microwave signal is generated with its phase controlled
by the DC voltage applied to the OPS. The proposed technique is theoretically analyzed and experimentally
demonstrated. Microwave signals with a carrier frequency from 10 to 23 GHz are continuously phase shifted
over 360-degree phase range. The proposed technique features very compact configuration, easy phase tuning
and wide operation bandwidth.
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Microwave phase shifter is an important electrical device, which is
used to shift the input microwave signal with arbitrary phase. In many
applications, such as the phased array radar, satellite communication
and mobile communication, phase shifters are the core components
[1–4]. With the rapid development of the radar and the communication
systems, the carrier frequency of the wireless signal is increasing
towards much higher frequency band, and the bandwidth of the signal
also becomes larger and larger, which means the phase shifters in
these systems should have the ability to work in such high frequency
and large bandwidth. Conventionally, microwave phase shifters are
implemented in the electrical domain [5]. However, the operation
bandwidth, the operation frequency and the tuning speed of the phase
shifters are always limited by the well-known electronic bottleneck.
As a result, traditional electrical phase shifters cannot fulfill the new
requirements of the latest applications. Microwave photonics [1,6] is the
promising technique to solve the problems encountered in traditional
electronic technique, which is an interdisciplinary area that connect the
microwave technology and the optical technology. Thanks to the large
bandwidth, high operation frequency, good tunability, and immunity to
electromagnetic interference offered by modern photonics, the unavail-
able or extremely expensive electrical functions in the electrical domain
can be realized efficiently and inexpensively in the optical domain.
E-mail address: ychen@ce.ecnu.edu.cn.
Photonic microwave phase shifters have attracted great attentions
and been extensively studied during the past few years to overcome
the disadvantages of traditional electrical phase shifters. Many different
photonic approaches to implement microwave phase shifters have been
reported. One method is based on the vector-sum principle [7,8],
where the phase of the microwave signal can be tuned by properly
controlling the amplitudes of two microwave signals with 90-degree
phase difference. In [7], a photonic microwave phase shifter with 360-
degree phase tunable range is proposed based on the joint use of a DP-
MZM, a phase modulator (PM) and a balanced detector. The phase of
the microwave signal is controlled by tuning the control voltage applied
to the PM. The major disadvantage of the technique in [7] is that
the configuration of the phase shifter is too complicated. The method
in [8] has a very compact structure, but the phase tuning is realized by
simultaneously controlling two bias voltages of a dual-parallel Mach–
Zehnder modulator (DP-MZM), which makes the phase shifter complex
to be tuned, and influences the stability of the phase shifter. In [9,10],
photonic microwave phase shifters are proposed based on a polarization
modulator (PolM) and an optical band-pass filter (OBPF). However,
the employment of an OBPF limits the frequency-tunable range and
influences the stability of the phase shifter.
Another method to implement a photonic microwave phase shifter
is realized by beating two optical wavelengths with locked phases at
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.11.041
Received 26 August 2017; Received in revised form 9 October 2017; Accepted 14 November 2017
0030-4018/© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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