Xen用户手册：深入了解Xen API

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Xen用户手册概述 Xen用户手册是一份深入阐述Xen API的详细指南，为用户提供了从基础知识到高级应用的全方位介绍。以下是根据手册内容生成的相关知识点： 1. Xen的介绍 Xen是一个开源的虚拟化平台，支持多种操作系统的虚拟化，包括Linux、Windows、BSD等。Xen的主要特点是高性能、稳定性强、可靠性高和灵活性强。 2. Xen的架构 Xen的架构主要由两个部分组成：Domain 0和Domain U。其中，Domain 0是管理域，负责管理虚拟机的生命周期，包括创建、启动、暂停和关闭等操作。Domain U是用户域，运行在 Domain 0 之上，提供了虚拟机的运行环境。 3. Xen的API Xen提供了一个强大的API，允许开发者访问和控制虚拟机的各种资源，包括CPU、内存、存储、网络等。Xen的API是基于XML-RPC协议的，提供了多种编程语言的绑定，包括Python、C、Java等。 4. Xen的虚拟化技术 Xen使用了para-virtualization技术，允许虚拟机直接访问硬件资源，无需通过模拟层来访问。这种技术可以提高虚拟机的性能和效率。 5. Xen的License Xen是开源软件，遵循GPL（GNU General Public License）和LGPL（GNU Lesser General Public License）协议。用户可以免费使用和修改Xen的源代码，并且可以将修改后的代码贡献回开源社区。 6. Xen的社区 Xen有一个活跃的开源社区，提供了多种资源，包括文档、讨论组、bug追踪系统等。用户可以通过这些资源来获取帮助和支持。 7. Xen的应用场景 Xen可以应用于多种场景，包括服务器虚拟化、桌面虚拟化、云计算、灾难恢复等。Xen的虚拟化技术可以提高服务器的利用率、降低成本、提高安全性和可靠性。 8. Xen的安装和配置 Xen的安装和配置过程相对复杂，需要用户具备一定的 Linux 和虚拟化技术知识。用户需要安装 Xen Hypervisor，配置网络和存储，创建虚拟机等。 9. Xen的管理和维护 Xen提供了多种管理和维护工具，包括xm命令行工具、XenCenter图形化管理工具等。用户可以使用这些工具来管理和维护虚拟机，包括创建、启动、暂停、关闭、备份和恢复等操作。 10. Xen的安全性 Xen提供了多种安全机制，包括访问控制、身份验证、加密存储等。用户可以使用这些机制来保护虚拟机的安全和隐私。 Xen用户手册概述，Xen用户手册是一个非常详细和全面的指南，为用户提供了从基础知识到高级应用的全方位介绍。

# make ARCH=xen oldconfig

You may be prompted with some Xen-speciﬁc options. We advise accepting the de-

faults for these options.

Note that the only difference between the two types of Linux kernels that are built is

the conﬁguration ﬁle used for each. The “U” sufﬁxed (unprivileged) versions don’t

contain any of the physical hardware device drivers, leading to a 30% reduction in

size; hence you may prefer these for your non-privileged domains. The “0” sufﬁxed

privileged versions can be used to boot the system, as well as in driver domains and

unprivileged domains.

2.4.4 Installing Generated Binaries

The ﬁles produced by the build process are stored under the dist/install/ direc-

tory. To install them in their default locations, do:

# make install

Alternatively, users with special installation requirements may wish to install them

manually by copying the ﬁles to their appropriate destinations.

The dist/install/boot directory will also contain the conﬁg ﬁles used for build-

ing the XenLinux kernels, and also versions of Xen and XenLinux kernels that contain

debug symbols such as (xen-syms-3.0.0 and vmlinux-syms-2.6.12.6-xen0)

which are essential for interpreting crash dumps. Retain these ﬁles as the developers

may wish to see them if you post on the mailing list.

2.5 Conﬁguration

Once you have built and installed the Xen distribution, it is simple to prepare the

machine for booting and running Xen.

2.5.1 GRUB Conﬁguration

An entry should be added to grub.conf (often found under /boot/ or /boot/grub/)

to allow Xen / XenLinux to boot. This ﬁle is sometimes called menu.lst, depending

on your distribution. The entry should look something like the following:

title Xen 3.0 / XenLinux 2.6

kernel /boot/xen-3.0.gz dom0_mem=262144

module /boot/vmlinuz-2.6-xen0 root=/dev/sda4 ro console=tty0

The kernel line tells GRUB where to ﬁnd Xen itself and what boot parameters should

be passed to it (in this case, setting the domain 0 memory allocation in kilobytes and

the settings for the serial port). For more details on the various Xen boot parameters

see Section 11.3.

The module line of the conﬁguration describes the location of the XenLinux kernel that

Xen should start and the parameters that should be passed to it. These are standard

Linux parameters, identifying the root device and specifying it be initially mounted

read only and instructing that console output be sent to the screen. Some distributions

such as SuSE do not require the ro parameter.

To use an initrd, add another module line to the conﬁguration, like:

module /boot/my_initrd.gz

When installing a new kernel, it is recommended that you do not delete existing menu

options from menu.lst, as you may wish to boot your old Linux kernel in future,

particularly if you have problems.

2.5.2 Serial Console (optional)

Serial console access allows you to manage, monitor, and interact with your system

over a serial console. This can allow access from another nearby system via a null-

modem (“LapLink”) cable or remotely via a serial concentrator.

You system’s BIOS, bootloader (GRUB), Xen, Linux, and login access must each be

individually conﬁgured for serial console access. It is not strictly necessary to have

each component fully functional, but it can be quite useful.

For general information on serial console conﬁguration under Linux, refer to the “Re-

mote Serial Console HOWTO” at The Linux Documentation Project: http://www.

tldp.org

Serial Console BIOS conﬁguration

Enabling system serial console output neither enables nor disables serial capabilities

in GRUB, Xen, or Linux, but may make remote management of your system more

convenient by displaying POST and other boot messages over serial port and allowing

remote BIOS conﬁguration.

Refer to your hardware vendor’s documentation for capabilities and procedures to en-

able BIOS serial redirection.

Serial Console GRUB conﬁguration

Enabling GRUB serial console output neither enables nor disables Xen or Linux serial

capabilities, but may made remote management of your system more convenient by

displaying GRUB prompts, menus, and actions over serial port and allowing remote

GRUB management.

Adding the following two lines to your GRUB conﬁguration ﬁle, typically either

/boot/grub/menu.lst or /boot/grub/grub.conf depending on your distro,

will enable GRUB serial output.

serial --unit=0 --speed=115200 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1

terminal --timeout=10 serial console

Note that when both the serial port and the local monitor and keyboard are enabled,

the text “Press any key to continue” will appear at both. Pressing a key on one device

will cause GRUB to display to that device. The other device will see no output. If no

key is pressed before the timeout period expires, the system will boot to the default

GRUB boot entry.

Please refer to the GRUB documentation for further information.

Serial Console Xen conﬁguration

Enabling Xen serial console output neither enables nor disables Linux kernel output

or logging in to Linux over serial port. It does however allow you to monitor and log

the Xen boot process via serial console and can be very useful in debugging.

In order to conﬁgure Xen serial console output, it is necessary to add a boot option to

your GRUB conﬁg; e.g. replace the previous example kernel line with:

kernel /boot/xen.gz dom0_mem=131072 com1=115200,8n1 console=com1,vga

This conﬁgures Xen to output on COM1 at 115,200 baud, 8 data bits, no parity and

1 stop bit. Modify these parameters for your environment. See Section 11.3 for an

explanation of all boot parameters.

One can also conﬁgure XenLinux to share the serial console; to achieve this append

“console=ttyS0” to your module line.

Serial Console Linux conﬁguration

Enabling Linux serial console output at boot neither enables nor disables logging in to

Linux over serial port. It does however allow you to monitor and log the Linux boot

process via serial console and can be very useful in debugging.

To enable Linux output at boot time, add the parameter console=ttyS0 (or ttyS1,

ttyS2, etc.) to your kernel GRUB line. Under Xen, this might be:

module /vmlinuz-2.6-xen0 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 \

console=ttyS0, 115200

to enable output over ttyS0 at 115200 baud.

To automatically start a login prompt over the serial port, add the line:

c:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty ttyS0

to /etc/inittab. Run init q to force a reload of your inttab and start getty.

To enable root logins, add ttyS0 to /etc/securetty if not already present.

Your distribution may use an alternate getty; options include getty, mgetty and agetty.

Consult your distribution’s documentation for further information.

2.5.3 TLS Libraries

Users of the XenLinux 2.6 kernel should disable Thread Local Storage (TLS) (e.g.

by doing a mv /lib/tls /lib/tls.disabled) before attempting to boot a Xen-

Linux kernel

. You can always reenable TLS by restoring the directory to its original

location (i.e. mv /lib/tls.disabled /lib/tls).

The reason for this is that the current TLS implementation uses segmentation in a way

that is not permissible under Xen. If TLS is not disabled, an emulation mode is used

within Xen which reduces performance substantially. To ensure full performance you

should install a ‘Xen-friendly’ (nosegneg) version of the library.

2.6 Booting Xen

It should now be possible to restart the system and use Xen. Reboot and choose the

new Xen option when the Grub screen appears.

What follows should look much like a conventional Linux boot. The ﬁrst portion of

the output comes from Xen itself, supplying low level information about itself and the

underlying hardware. The last portion of the output comes from XenLinux.

You may see some error messages during the XenLinux boot. These are not neces-

sarily anything to worry about—they may result from kernel conﬁguration differences

between your XenLinux kernel and the one you usually use.

When the boot completes, you should be able to log into your system as usual. If you

are unable to log in, you should still be able to reboot with your normal Linux kernel

by selecting it at the GRUB prompt.

If you boot without ﬁrst disabling TLS, you will get a warning message during the boot process.

In this case, simply perform the rename after the machine is up and then run /sbin/ldconfig to

make it take effect.

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