大动态混合推动的GUT隐藏光子下增强的轴-光子耦合

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在《物理学快报B》的一篇文章中，标题为"具有隐藏光子的GUT中增强的轴力-光子耦合"（Enhanced axion-photon coupling in GUT with hidden photon），作者Ryuji Daido、Fuminobu Takahashi和Norimi Yokozaki探讨了一个新颖的物理现象。他们研究了当规范耦合统一在超荷电（hypercharge）和一个未破坏的隐藏U(1)H之间通过大动力学混合χ=O(0.1)实现时，可能带来的影响。这种模型的基础是一个包含单一Peccei-Quinn场的简单框架。文章的关键发现是，为了引发如此显著的动力学混合，U(1)H规范耦合必须相当强大。这种耦合的增强导致隐藏物质场对电磁异常的贡献显著增加。与传统的E / N = 8/3的GUT轴模型相比，轴-光子耦合得到了大约10到100倍的增强。这不仅扩展了我们对粒子物理学标准模型的理解，特别是关于轴子（axion）和光子之间基本相互作用的认识，还可能为暗物质或量子引力的理论提供了新的线索。动力学混合的概念在这里扮演了核心角色，它允许不同的规范群之间进行能量交换，进而影响物理量的观测值。在本文中，这一过程使得隐藏U(1)H的物理效应能够通过与可见宇宙中的光子相互作用而被探测到，这对于探索宇宙的暗面以及可能存在的新物理现象具有重要意义。值得注意的是，这篇论文是在2018年3月16日在线发布的，接收日期为2018年2月9日，修订后接受日期为2018年3月15日，编辑为A.Ringwald。由于是开放获取资源，读者可以直接访问Elsevier的《物理学快报B》网站（www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb）获取全文。这项工作为我们理解粒子物理学中的隐藏维度和可能的额外规范对标准模型的修正提供了一个独特且深入的视角，尤其是在轴子与光子间的耦合效应上。未来的研究可能会沿着这个方向进一步探索隐藏U(1)H的特性及其潜在的实验验证途径。

Physics Letters B 780 (2018) 538–542

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Physics Letters B

www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb

Enhanced axion–photon coupling in GUT with hidden photon

Ryuji Daido

a,∗

, Fuminobu Takahashi

a,b

, Norimi Yokozaki

Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan

Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history:

Received

9 February 2018

Received

in revised form 13 March 2018

Accepted

15 March 2018

Available

online 16 March 2018

Editor:

A. Ringwald

We show that the axion coupling to photons can be enhanced in simple models with a single Peccei–

Quinn

ﬁeld, if the gauge coupling uniﬁcation is realized by a large kinetic mixing χ = O(0.1) between

hypercharge and unbroken hidden U(1)

. The key observation is that the U(1)

gauge coupling should

be rather strong to induce such large kinetic mixing, leading to enhanced contributions of hidden matter

ﬁelds to the electromagnetic anomaly. We ﬁnd that the axion–photon coupling is enhanced by about a

factor of 10–100 with respect to the GUT-axion models with E/N = 8/3.

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP

1. Introduction

The axion, a, is a pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone boson associated

with the spontaneous breakdown of a global U(1)

symmetry in

the Peccei–Quinn (PQ) mechanism [1–4]. Not only does the axion

solve the strong CP problem, but it can also explain dark matter

[5–7], which makes it one of the well-motivated physics beyond

the standard model.

The

axion or axion-like particles have been searched for by nu-

merous

experiments (see e.g. Refs. [8,9]for recent reviews). Many

of the on-going and planned experiments exploit the axion cou-

pling

to photons,

L =

aγγ

μν

, (1)

where F

μν

is the photon ﬁeld strength, and

μν

denotes its dual.

Therefore, the expected region of the axion–photon coupling g

aγγ

for a given decay constant f

or axion mass m

is a very important

input for such experiments.

The

axion–photon coupling is induced by one-loop diagrams

where those particles running in the loop have both electric and

U(1)

charges. In fact, the coupling depends on the detailed struc-

ture

of the PQ sector [10]. As an extreme example, one can con-

sider

a clockwork (or aligned) QCD axion model [11–13], which

include multiple PQ ﬁelds with a clockwork structure [14–18]. In

Corresponding author.

E-mail

address: daido @tuhep .phys .tohoku .ac .jp (R. Daido).

this case, the axion can have a coupling to photons [19]or hid-

den

photons [12], which is exponentially larger than gluons. See

also Ref. [20]for related topics. However, in simple models with a

single PQ ﬁeld, there is a preferred range of g

aγγ

for a given f

[21–23](see black dash-dotted lines in Fig. 2). In this paper we

limit ourselves to such simple models with a single PQ scalar

whose expectation value is equal to the decay constant (up to the

domain wall number, N

Another

important motivation for physics beyond the standard

model is grand uniﬁed theories (GUTs). In a non-supersymmetric

GUT, however, the uniﬁcation scale tends to be too low to satisfy

the proton decay constraint, and moreover, the gauge couplings

seem to fail unify at a single scale. One of the remedies for the

gauge coupling uniﬁcation is to add a massless hidden photon with

a large kinetic mixing with hypercharge, U(1)

[24]. According to

the recent analysis using the two-loop renormalization group (RG)

equations [25], the uniﬁcation scale is shown to be at 10

16.5

GeV

and the required kinetic mixing is χ (m

) ≈ 0.37. Interestingly, the

uniﬁcation with a hidden photon is rather robust against adding

visible or hidden matters [25,28]. This ﬁnding enables us to incor-

porate

the axion into the framework in a consistent manner.

this paper, we study the axion coupling to photons in a GUT

scenario where a massless hidden photon has a large kinetic mix-

ing

with hypercharge.

Since the kinetic mixing between U(1)

and U(1)

is induced by one-loop diagrams with bi-charged par-

ticles

running in the loop, it requires either many such particles

See Refs. [26,27]for axion models in other GUT scenarios.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.03.039

0370-2693/

SCOAP

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