探索iOS SDK：从零开始的iPhone、iPad应用开发

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"初识iOS应用开发" 本书《 Beginning iPhone 4 Development: Exploring the iOS SDK》是一本全面介绍如何为iPhone、iPad和iPod touch创建应用程序的指南。由Dave Mark、Jack Nutting和Jeff LaMarche合著，该书特别涵盖了iPad和iPod touch的应用开发。随着iOS 4软件开发工具包（SDK）的发布，iOS平台的吸引力和开发环境进一步增强。本书旨在帮助初学者迈入iOS应用开发的世界，克服早期学习曲线，理解iOS应用的工作原理以及构建方式。通过阅读，读者将逐步掌握iOS应用的核心概念和技术。书中内容分为多个章节，每个章节都会通过构建小型示例应用来教授特定的iOS特性。这些示例应用不仅展示了如何利用iOS的功能，还教导读者如何与这些功能进行交互。例如，你可能会学习到： 1. **界面设计**：了解Interface Builder和Storyboard的使用，创建用户友好的UI元素，如按钮、文本字段和滑块。 2. **Objective-C编程基础**：学习面向对象编程语言Objective-C的基础知识，包括类、对象、方法和内存管理。 3. **Xcode工具链**：熟悉Apple的集成开发环境（IDE）Xcode，包括调试器、模拟器和版本控制工具。 4. **模型-视图-控制器（MVC）**：理解并应用iOS开发中的核心设计模式MVC，用于组织和分离应用的不同部分。 5. **事件处理**：学习如何响应用户的触摸输入和设备事件，如摇动或旋转。 6. **多任务处理**：了解iOS的后台运行机制，如何实现后台音频播放、位置更新等。 7. **网络编程**：掌握HTTP请求、JSON解析和XML处理，实现应用与服务器的通信。 8. **本地化和国际化**：让应用适应不同语言和地区，提供全球化体验。 9. **Core Data**：学习苹果提供的数据持久化框架，用于存储和检索应用的数据。 10. **动画和图形**：了解Core Animation和Quartz 2D，创建平滑的过渡效果和自定义图形。 11. **推送通知**：设置和实现远程通知，当有新消息或事件时提醒用户。 12. **测试和提交应用**：学习如何进行单元测试，以及如何准备应用以提交至App Store进行审核和发布。每一章节都将深入讲解相关主题，并提供实践练习，帮助读者巩固理论知识，提升实际操作能力。此外，书中也会涵盖一些iOS 4 SDK的新特性和改进，帮助开发者充分利用新平台的优势。《 Beginning iPhone 4 Development》是针对初学者的绝佳教程，无论你是对移动应用开发感兴趣的学生，还是想要转行的程序员，都能从中受益，逐步成长为熟练的iOS开发者。

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

Figure 2–1. The Xcode welcome window. Note that if this is the first time you are running Xcode, there will be no

recent projects. This will change as you make your way through the book.

NOTE: If you have an iOS device connected to your machine, you might see a message when you

first launch Xcode asking whether you want to use that device for development. Alternatively, a

window titled Organizer, designed to list the devices you’ll be working with, might appear. For

now, click the Ignore button or, in the case of the Organizer window, close the window. If you

choose to join the paid iOS Developer Program, you will gain access to a program portal that will

tell you how to use your iOS device for development and testing.

Create a new project by selecting File ➤ New Project..., or by pressing N, which will

bring up the New Project assistant (see Figure 2–2). The pane on the left side of the

sheet is divided into two main sections: iOS and Mac OS X.

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

Your project window features a toolbar across the top, which gives you ready access to

a lot of commonly used commands. Below the toolbar, the window is divided into three

main sections, or panes.

The pane that runs down the left side of the window is called the Groups & Files pane.

All of the resources that make up your project are grouped here, as are a number of

relevant project settings. Just as in the Finder, clicking the little triangle to the left of an

item expands that item to show available subitems. Click the triangle again to hide the

subitems.

The top-right pane is called the Detail View (or just Detail pane) and shows you detailed

information about items selected in the Groups & Files pane. The lower-right pane is

called the Editor pane. If you select a single file in either the Groups & Files or Detail

pane and Xcode knows how to display that kind of file, the contents of the file will be

displayed in the Editor pane. Editable files, such as source code, can also be edited

here. In fact, this is where you will be writing and editing your application’s source code.

Now that we have the terminology out of the way, take a look at the Groups & Files

pane. The first item in the list should bear the same name as your project, in this case,

Hello World. This item is the gathering point for the source code and the other resources

specific to your project. For the time being, don’t worry about the items in the Groups &

Files pane except those under Hello World.

Take a look at Figure 2–4. Note that the disclosure triangle to the left of Hello World is

open, and there are five subfolders: Classes, Other Sources, Resources, Frameworks,

and Products. Let’s briefly talk about what each subfolder is used for:

 Classes is where you will spend much of your time. This is where most

of the code that you write will go, since this is where all Objective-C

classes rightfully belong. You are free to create subfolders under the

Classes folder to help organize your code. We’ll be using this folder

starting in the next chapter.

 Other Sources contains source code files that aren’t Objective-C

classes. Typically, you won’t spend a lot of time in the Other Sources

folder. When you create a new iPhone application project, there are

two files in this folder:



Hello_World_Prefix.pch: The extension .pch stands for

“precompiled header.” This is a list of header files from external

frameworks that are used by our project. Xcode will precompile

the headers contained in this file, which will reduce the amount

of time it takes to compile your project whenever you select Build

or Build and Go. It will be a while before you have to worry about

this, because the most commonly used header files are already

included for you.

 main.m: This is where your application’s main() function is. You

normally won’t need to edit or change this file.

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

 Resources contains noncode files that will be included as part of your

application. This is where you will include files such as your

application’s icon image and other images, sound files, movie files,

text files, or property lists that your program may need while it’s

running. Remember, since your application runs in its own sandbox,

you will have to include any files you need here, because you won’t be

able to access files located elsewhere on the iPhone except through

sanctioned APIs, such as the ones that provide access to the iPhone’s

photo library and address book. There should be three items in this

folder:

 Hello_WorldViewController.xib: This file contains information

used by the program Interface Builder, which we’ll take for a spin

a bit later in this chapter.

 MainWindow.xib: This is your application’s main Interface Builder

(or “nib”) file. In a simple application like the one we’re building in

this chapter, there’s often no need to touch this file. In later

chapters, when we design more complex interfaces, we will work

with this file and look at it in more depth.

 Hello_World-Info.plist: This is a property list that contains

information about our application. We’ll look at this file a little bit

later in the chapter too.

 Frameworks are a special kind of library that can contain code as well

as resources such as image and sound files. Any framework or library

that you add to this folder will be linked in to your application, and your

code will be able to use objects, functions, and resources contained in

that framework or library. The most commonly needed frameworks

and libraries are linked in to our project by default, so most of the time,

we will not need to do anything with this folder. Less commonly used

libraries and frameworks, however, are not included by default, and

you will see how to link to them into an application later in this book.

 Products contains the application that this project produces when it is

compiled. If you expand Products, you’ll see an item called Hello

World.app. This is the application that this particular project creates.

Hello World.app is this project’s only product. Right now, Hello

World.app is listed in red, which means that the file cannot be found,

which makes sense, since we haven’t compiled our project yet!

Highlighting a file’s name in red is Xcode’s way of telling us that it

can’t find the underlying physical file.

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