JADE程序员指南：JavaAgent开发框架

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"JADE程序员指南" JADE（Java Agent Development Framework）是用于开发符合FIPA（Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents）规范的多智能体系统的框架。这个程序员指南是与管理员指南和HTML文档配套使用的，后者在 jade/doc 目录下可以找到。如果HTML文档和本指南之间的内容有冲突，应优先参考更新更频繁的HTML文档。 JADE最初由CSELT S.p.A.开发，并在后续年份由TILab S.p.A.继续维护和更新。该框架自2000年以来经历了多次版权变更，直至2008年，一直由Telecom Italia S.p.A.持有版权。JADE在2000年的首尔和2001年的伦敦成功通过了FIPA的互操作性测试，证明了其在多智能体系统中的兼容性和稳定性。 JADE的核心功能在于提供了一个平台，允许开发者按照FIPA的标准创建、管理和通信智能代理。FIPA是一套规定了智能代理之间交互规则的国际标准，包括消息传递协议、代理通信语言（ACL）和代理发现机制等。使用JADE，开发者可以轻松地构建遵循这些标准的智能系统，从而实现复杂环境中的协作和决策。此外，JADE是根据GNU Lesser General Public License（LGPL）v2.1发布的自由软件，这意味着任何人都可以自由地分发、修改和使用它。LGPL是一种开源许可证，旨在保护软件的开放源代码特性，同时允许将开源组件集成到商业软件中。在实际使用中，JADE提供了一套丰富的API和工具，支持代理的生命周期管理（如创建、启动和终止）、消息传递（包括ACL消息的发送和接收）、以及与其他JADE实例或遵循FIPA标准的外部系统的互操作。开发者可以通过这些工具来实现复杂的智能行为，如问题解决、决策制定和协同工作。 JADE还支持多平台运行，可以在Java兼容的任何操作系统上运行，包括Windows、Linux和Mac OS等。这使得基于JADE开发的应用程序具有高度的移植性。 JADE是一个强大的工具，它简化了遵循FIPA标准的多智能体系统的开发过程，提供了丰富的功能和灵活的许可证选项，鼓励了开源社区的参与和创新。通过深入理解和应用JADE，开发者可以构建出适应各种复杂场景的智能系统。

JADE Programmer’s GUIDE

1) The attribute type is a single value; then it can be read with attrType

getAttrName() and written with void setAttrName(attrType a), where

every call to setAttrName() overwrites any previous value of the attribute.

2) The attribute type is a set or a sequence of values; then there is an void

addAttrName(attrType a) method to insert a new value and a void

clearAllAttrName() method to remove all the values (the list becomes empty).

Reading is performed by a Iterator getAllAttrName() method that returns an

Iterator object that allows the programmer to walk through the List and cast its

elements to the appropriate type.

Refer to the HTML documentation for a complete list of these classes and their interface.

3.1.1.1 Basic concepts of the ontology

The package jade.content.onto.basic includes a set of classes that are commonly

part of every ontology, such as Action, TrueProposition, Result, , … The

BasicOntology can be joined to any user-defined ontology as described in section 3.6.

Notice that the Action class should be used to represent actions. It has a couple of methods

to set/get the AID of the actor (i.e. the agent who should perform the action) and the action itself

(e.g. Register/Deregister/Modify).

3.1.2 Simplified API to access DF and AMS services

JADE features described so far allow complete interactions between FIPA system agents and

user defined agents, simply by sending and receiving messages as defined by the standard.

However, because those interactions have been fully standardized and because they are very

common, the following classes allow to successfully accomplish this task with a simplified

interface.

Two methods are implemented by the class Agent to get the AID of the default DF and

AMS of the platform: getDefaultDF() and getAMS().

3.1.2.1 DFService

jade.domain.DFService implements a set of static methods to communicate with a

standard FIPA DF service (i.e. a yellow pages agent).

It includes methods to request register, deregister, modify and search

actions from a DF. Each of this method has a version with all the needed parameters, and one

with a subset of them where the omitted parameters are given default values.

Notice that these methods block every agent activity until the action is successfully executed

or a jade.domain.FIPAException exception is thrown (e.g. because a failure message

has been received by the DF), that is, until the end of the conversation.

In some cases, instead, it is more convenient to execute these tasks in a non-blocking way. In

these cases a jade.proto.AchieveREInitiator or

jade.proto.SubscriptionInitiator (see 3.4.12) should be used in conjunction with

the createRequestMessage(), createSubscriptionMessage(),

decodeDone(), decodeResult() and decodeNotification() methods that

facilitate the preparation and decoding of messages to be sent/received to/from the DF. The

following piece of code exemplifies that in the case of an agent subscribing to the default DF.

JADE Programmer’s GUIDE

DFAgentDescription template = // fill the template

AID df = getDefaultDF();

ACLMessage subs = DFService.createSubscriptionMessage(this, df, template, null))

Behaviour b = new SubscriptionInitiator(this, subs) {

protected void handleInform(ACLMessage inform) {

try {

DFAgentDescription[] dfds =

DFService.decodeNotification(inform.getContent());

// do something

}

catch (FIPAException fe) {

fe.printStackTrace();

}

};

addBehaviour(b);

3.1.2.2 AMSService

This class is dual of DFService class, accessing services provided by a standard FIPA

AMS agent and its interface completely corresponds the the DFService one.

Notice that JADE calls automatically the register and deregister methods with the

default AMS respectively before calling setup() method and just after takeDown() method

returns; so there is no need for a normal programmer to call them.

However, under certain circumstances, a programmer might need to call its methods. To give

some examples: when an agent wishes to register with the AMS of a remote agent platform, or

when an agent wishes to modify its description by adding a private address to the set of its

addresses, …

3.2 The Agent class

The Agent class represents a common base class for user defined agents. Therefore, from

the programmer’s point of view, a JADE agent is simply an instance of a user defined Java class

that extends the base Agent class. This implies the inheritance of features to accomplish basic

interactions with the agent platform (registration, configuration, remote management, …) and a

basic set of methods that can be called to implement the custom behaviour of the agent (e.g.

send/receive messages, use standard interaction protocols, register with several domains, …).

The computational model of an agent is multitask, where tasks (or behaviours) are executed

concurrently. Each functionality/service provided by an agent should be implemented as one or

more behaviours (refer to section 3.4 for implementation of behaviours). A scheduler, internal to

the base Agent class and hidden to the programmer, automatically manages the scheduling of

behaviours.

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