广义相对论下相对论物质与反物质的引力质量验证

80 浏览量更新于2024-09-03 收藏 300KB PDF 举报

本文主要探讨了相对论物质与反物质的引力质量问题，特别是针对广义相对论的基石——普遍性自由落体和弱等效原理（Weak Equivalence Principle, WEP）。WEP是物理学中的核心概念，它假定惯性质量和引力质量在所有物理条件下是等效的，这一原则在低能量的普通物质中已经得到了广泛的实验验证。然而，在高能领域，特别是对于反物质，这一理论尚未得到充分证实。文章指出，对于反物质，尤其是反氢，已有的直接观测结果并未排除反重力现象的可能，即地球对反物质存在排斥效应。这使得科学家们对反物质的引力质量与惯性质量比mg/m的值产生了疑问。作者利用大电子-正电子对撞机（LEP）的实验数据，即没有观察到真空Cherenkov辐射以及Tevatron对撞机上光子在太阳引力势下年度变化的稳定性，推导出一个相对论电子和正电子引力质量的间接限制范围：0.96 < mg/m < 1.04。这一结果有力地否定了反重力的假设。此外，作者进一步考虑了局部超团簇（LS）的绝对电势，预测了更精确的电子和正电子质量比范围：1-4×10^-7 < mg/m < 1 + 2×10^-7。这进一步增强了对相对论物质和反物质引力质量的理解。文章最后展望了未来的研究方向，提出了在国际直线对撞机（ILC）和紧凑型直线对撞机（CLIC）上进行更深入测试的可能性，以便更准确地测量和验证反物质的引力行为，从而加深对广义相对论和宇宙基本物理定律的理解。这篇论文通过对现有实验数据的分析，不仅深化了对相对论物质引力质量的认识，也为未来在高能物理实验中探索反物质引力性质提供了新的线索和方向。这是一项对基础物理学有重要意义的研究，有助于我们更好地理解物质与反物质在引力作用下的行为。

Physics Letters B 751 (2015) 29–33

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Physics Letters B

www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb

Gravitational mass of relativistic matter and antimatter

Tigran Kalaydzhyan

a,b,∗

Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607-7059, USA

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history:

Received

11 August 2015

Received

in revised form 10 September

2015

Accepted

6 October 2015

Available

online 13 October 2015

Editor:

A. Ringwald

The universality of free fall, the weak equivalence principle (WEP), is a cornerstone of the general theory

of relativity, the most precise theory of gravity conﬁrmed in all experiments up to date. The WEP

states the equivalence of the inertial, m, and gravitational, m

, masses and was tested in numerous

occasions with normal matter at relatively low energies. However, there is no conﬁrmation for the

matter and antimatter at high energies. For the antimatter the situation is even less clear – current

direct observations of trapped antihydrogen suggest the limits −65 < m

/m < 110 not excluding the so-

called

antigravity phenomenon, i.e. repulsion of the antimatter by Earth. Here we demonstrate an indirect

bound 0.96 < m

/m < 1.04 on the gravitational mass of relativistic electrons and positrons coming from

the absence of the vacuum Cherenkov radiation at the Large Electron–Positron Collider (LEP) and stability

of photons at the Tevatron collider in presence of the annual variations of the solar gravitational potential.

Our result clearly rules out the speculated antigravity. By considering the absolute potential of the Local

Supercluster (LS), we also predict the bounds 1 − 4 × 10

−7

< m

/m < 1 + 2 × 10

−7

for an electron

and positron. Finally, we comment on a possibility of performing complementary tests at the future

International Linear Collider (ILC) and Compact Linear Collider (CLIC).

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP

1. Introduction

Since the formulation of the general relativity (GR) by Einstein

in 1915–1916 [1,2] there were numerous tests conﬁrming validity

of the theory with an exceptional precision [3]. The weak equiva-

lence

principle (WEP), postulating the universality of the free fall,

or equivalence of the inertial and gravitational masses, was con-

ﬁrmed

in torsion balance experiments [4] at the 2 × 10

−13

level

for the normal matter. The idea of “antigravity” for an exotic mat-

ter

seems to exist since the end of the XIX century [5], where it

appeared together with the idea of antimatter. The modern, quan-

tum,

concept of antimatter begins with the theoretical paper of

Dirac [6] in 1928 and experimental observation of antielectron

(positron) by Anderson [7] in 1933. However, since then, there is

no conclusion made about the gravitational interaction of antimat-

ter [8].

The most precise direct observation of cold-trapped antihy-

drogen [9] sets

the limits on the ratio between the inertial m and

gravitational m

masses of the antihydrogen, −65 < m

/m < 110,

including systematic errors, at the 5% signiﬁcance level [9]. At the

Correspondence to: Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL

60607-7059, USA.

E-mail

address: tigran@uic.edu.

same time, indirect limits have a long history and are much stricter

(even though, most of them use additional assumptions), see re-

view [10] for

the arguments prior to 1991. At the moment, the

most precise bounds on the difference between the gravitational

masses of the matter and antimatter (to our knowledge) are ob-

tained

from the comparison of decay parameters of the K

–

system [11] (1.8 × 10

−9

level with gravitational potential varia-

tions

and 1.9 × 10

−14

with the LS potential) and from comparison

of cyclotron frequencies [12] of the p–

p system [13] (10

−6

level

with LS potential). Equality of the inertial masses for the con-

sidered

(anti)particles is supported by the CP T -symmetry tested

with a much higher precision [14]. These and other indirect lim-

its

are, however, not absolute, but relative (between particles and

antiparticles) and for relatively low energies. There is, therefore,

no guarantee that, e.g., the strange matter (kaons) at any ener-

gies,

or normal matter and antimatter at high energies (several

GeV and higher) will obey WEP. These limits also do not restrict

certain WEP violation models, such as the “isotropic parachute

model” [15].

Even

though astrophysical tests of the Lorentz invariance

[16–19] can be, perhaps, used for the precise tests of the WEP

(mainly for electrons and protons), they rely on certain mod-

els

describing the high-energy sources and their dynamics. It is,

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.10.014

0370-2693/

SCOAP

下载后可阅读完整内容，剩余4页未读，立即下载

weixin_38663701

粉丝: 3
资源: 954

广义相对论下相对论物质与反物质的引力质量验证

论文研究 - 关于负引力质量

美国物理试题与解答 第7卷 相对论、固体物理及其它

15.4广义相对论简介20120330(25页).pdf

为什么反粒子存在反物质不存在

21世纪物理学界的一朵乌云

质能方程式的推导过程

基于无参考图像质量评价的反卷积去模糊算法 matlab

带有垂直弹簧阻尼质量的弹簧阻尼双足腿地面反力

序列化和反序列化存储方式的优缺点

最新资源

美国物理试题与解答第7卷相对论、固体物理及其它