面向对象JavaScript编程：深入指南

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"Ved Antani, Stoyan Stefanov 的《Object-oriented JavaScript 2017 3rd edition》是面向对象JavaScript编程的第三版英文书籍，旨在帮助读者全面掌握面向对象的JavaScript知识，引领他们进入尖端开发领域。本书在2008年首次出版，2013年第二版，2017年推出第三版，由Packt Publishing Ltd.出版。" 在《Object-Oriented JavaScript》第三版中，作者首先介绍了JavaScript面向对象编程的背景和历史，包括浏览器战争和复兴时期，以及当前和未来的发展趋势。书中提到了ECMAScript 5（ES5）的重要性，这是JavaScript的核心标准，为面向对象编程提供了基础。随着技术的进步，书中也涉及了ECMAScript 6（ES6），这是JavaScript的一个重大更新，引入了许多新的特性和语法，如类、模块和严格模式。虽然ES6的浏览器支持当时可能还不够广泛，但通过工具如Babel，开发者可以将ES6代码转换为更广泛的浏览器可理解的形式。面向对象编程（OOP）是本书的重点。作者讲解了OOP的关键概念，如： 1. **对象**：JavaScript中的核心实体，可以存储数据并封装行为。 2. **类**：虽然ES5没有原生的类概念，但ES6引入了类语法，使得面向对象编程更加直观。 3. **封装**：通过隐藏内部实现细节，保护数据不被外部直接访问，增强了代码的可维护性。 4. **聚合**：一个对象可以包含其他对象，形成复杂的结构。 5. **继承**：一个类可以从另一个类继承属性和方法，实现代码复用。 6. **多态**：同名的方法在不同的类中可以有不同的实现，允许不同的对象对同一消息做出不同的响应。为了帮助读者实践所学，书中还介绍了设置开发环境的方法，包括WebKit的Web Inspector和其他浏览器控制台的使用，这些都是调试和分析JavaScript代码的重要工具。此外，书中还涵盖了基础的编程元素，如： - **基本数据类型**：JavaScript中的简单数据类型，如数字、字符串、布尔值等。 - **数组**：用于存储多个值的数据结构。 - **循环**：如for循环和while循环，用于重复执行某段代码。 - **条件语句**：如if和switch，用于根据不同的条件执行不同的代码块。每一章末尾通常会有总结，回顾本章的关键点，帮助读者巩固学习。《Object-oriented JavaScript 2017 3rd edition》是一本深入浅出的指南，适合希望提升JavaScript面向对象编程技能的开发者阅读。通过本书，读者不仅可以了解JavaScript OOP的理论，还能掌握实际应用中的技巧。

[ 3 ]

Appendix B, Built-in Functions, is a reference of built-in JavaScript functions together with

sample uses.

Appendix C, Built-in Objects, is a reference that provides details and examples of the use of

every method and property of every built-in object in JavaScript.

Appendix D, Regular Expressions, is a regular expressions pattern reference.

Appendix E, Answers to Exercise Questions, has solutions for all the exercises mentioned at

the end of the chapters.

What you need for this book

You need a modern browser--Google Chrome or Firefox are recommended, and an optional

Node.js setup. Most of the code in this book can be executed in h t t p ://b a b e l j s . i o /r e p l /

or h t t p ://j s b i n . c o m /. To edit JavaScript, you can use any text editor of your choice.

Who this book is for

This book is for anyone who is starting to learn JavaScript, or who knows JavaScript but

isn't very good at the object-oriented part of it. This book can be a useful primer for ES6 if

you are already familiar with the ES5 features of the language.

Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds

of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions,

pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "The

Triangle constructor takes three point objects and assigns them to this.points (its own

collection of points)."

A block of code is set as follows:

function sum(a, b) {

var c = a + b;

return c;

}

Object-Oriented JavaScript

[ 7 ]

Let's start with the following:

A brief introduction to the story behind JavaScript

The basic concepts you'll encounter in discussions on object-oriented

programming

A bit of history

Initially, the web was not much more than just a number of scientific publications in the

form of static HTML documents connected together with hyperlinks. Believe it or not, there

was a time when there was no way to put an image in a page. However, that soon changed.

As the web grew in popularity and size, the webmasters who were creating HTML pages

felt they needed something more. They wanted to create richer user interactions, mainly

driven by the desire to save server round trips for simple tasks such as form validation.

Two options came up–Java applets and LiveScript, a language conceived by Brendan Eich

at Netscape in 1995 and later included in the Netscape 2.0 browser under the name of

JavaScript.

The applets didn't quite catch on, but JavaScript did. The ability to use short code snippets

embedded in HTML documents and alter otherwise static elements of a web page was

embraced by the webmaster community. Soon, the competing browser vendor, Microsoft,

shipped Internet Explorer (IE) 3.0 with JScript, which was a reverse engineered version of

JavaScript plus some IE-specific features. Eventually, there was an effort to standardize the

various implementations of the language, and this is how ECMAScript was born. European

Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) created the standard called ECMA-262,

which describes the core parts of the JavaScript programming language without browser

and web page-specific features.

You can think of JavaScript as a term that encompasses the following three pieces:

ECMAScript: The core language–variables, functions, loops, and so on. This part

is independent of the browser and this language can be used in many other

environments.

Document Object Model (DOM): This provides ways to work with HTML and

XML documents. Initially, JavaScript provided limited access to what's scriptable

on the page, mainly forms, links, and images. Later, it was expanded to make all

elements scriptable. This led to the creation of the DOM standard by the World

Wide Web Consortium (W3C) as a language-independent (no longer tied to

JavaScript) way to manipulate structured documents.

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