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首页加密水印技术:多媒体信号的新型防护
加密水印技术:多媒体信号的新型防护
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更新于2024-08-02
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"这篇论文详细探讨了一种加密水印技术,用于多媒体信号的版权保护和数字权利管理。作者Jian Ren在2007年11月提交,2008年5月被接受,并于同年8月在线发表。该研究由Springer Science+Business Media, LLC出版。" 在数字化时代,数字水印已经成为保护知识产权和版权的重要工具。这篇论文提出了一种新的加密水印方法,其独特之处在于结合了安全性和效率,这是现有水印技术所无法同时实现的。为了实现这一目标,作者首先基于离散对数问题(DLP)和费马小定理设计了一种随机生成水印索引的算法。这一算法的创新性在于利用了密码学中的基础理论,提高了水印的安全性。 接下来,作者将水印信号嵌入到原始图像的时间域和频率域中的这些随机生成的索引位置。这种双重域的嵌入方式旨在增强水印的不可见性和鲁棒性,即使在常见的信号退化情况下,也能保持水印的完整性和可识别性。 论文通过安全分析和模拟实验,证明了所提出的水印方案在抵御主要的安全攻击(如篡改、剪切、噪声注入等)以及常见的图像处理操作时,能保持极高的透明度和抗攻击能力。因此,这些新颖的方法特别适用于商业多媒体内容的版权保护,是通用的数字媒体复制解决方案。 这篇论文为多媒体水印技术提供了新的视角,尤其是在加密技术的结合上,为未来的数字版权管理和安全领域提供了有价值的参考。它不仅强化了水印的隐藏性,还增强了其在各种可能攻击下的生存能力,对于防止非法复制和传播具有重要意义。
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A cryptographic watermarking technique for multimedia signals 269
potentially detectable. While in frequency domain approaches, the watermark
signal is embedded into the spectrum of the host image generated through
the Fourier transform. The embedded watermark is therefore distributed to
the entire host image following the inverse Fourier transform. As a result, the
embedded watermark generally has a high transparency and is hard to be
perceptually detected as long as the embedded watermark power is small
relative to that of the host image.
Most of the existing watermarking schemes are based on signal processing
techniques [1, 5, 7]. In [2], a watermarking scheme based on the RSA public-
key scheme [12] was introduced for time domain. However, the scheme is
very inefficient and cannot be applied to frequency domain straightforwardly.
In an effort to increase the fidelity, robustness and security of the digital
watermarking, in this paper we propose novel watermarking schemes based
on the discrete logarithm problem (DLP) and the Fermat’s little theorem
for general purpose digital rights management. The watermark embedding
includes two basic steps: the watermark index generation and the watermark
embedding. Our proposed approach can be applied to both time domain
and frequency domain with high transparency and robustness under common
signal degradations such as Gaussian noise and random multiplicative noise.
The proposed watermark techniques are also secure under major watermark
attacks such as cropping and least significant bit (LSB) destruction.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, crypto-
graphic watermark index generation based on discrete logarithm is introduced.
Section 3 and Section 4 are devoted to time domain and frequency domain dig-
ital image watermarking approaches, respectively. Security analysis is provided
in Section 5. Simulation results are presented in Section 6, and we conclude in
Section 8.
2 Preliminary
In this section, we will introduce some preliminary for this paper.
One-way function One-way function plays an important role in modern cryp-
tography. Mathematically, a one-way function can be characterized as a rela-
tion f : X → Y that is easy/efficient to calculate, but very difficult/inefficient
or even impossible to inverse. More specifically,
1. For any given x ∈ X, y = f(x) can be efficiently computed (or computed
in polynomial time).
2. Given y = f(x) for some x ∈ X, it is computationally difficult, or infeasible
to find x.
Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP) Let p be a prime number, and α a
primitive element of
Z
p
(i.e., a generator of Z
∗
p
), where Z
p
is the integer
field modulo p. The function f
α,p
: Z
∗
p
→ Z
∗
p
defined by f
α,p
(x) = α
x
mod p
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