uClinux-dist开发者指南：1.1版配置与程序添加详解

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"《uClinux-dist开发者指南》(版本1.1)是一份详细的文档，发布于2004年12月28日，由Atmark Techno, Inc. 编制。这份指南旨在帮助开发者理解和使用uClinux-dist，一个针对嵌入式系统设计的轻量级Linux发行版。它主要涵盖了uClinux的开发流程，特别是对于那些想要在该平台添加自定义程序或进行基本配置的工程师来说，具有极高的实用价值。 1.1 背景介绍本手册是关于uClinux-dist的全面指南，它为读者提供了一个清晰的起点，介绍了uClinux-dist的核心特性、目标用户群体以及适用的硬件环境。它概述了uClinux在嵌入式领域的地位，强调了其高效、低功耗和灵活性的优势。 1.2 字体和排版约定手册中采用了特定的字体和排版规则，如斜体用于强调，粗体用于标识命令行输入，以确保信息的一致性和可读性。理解这些约定有助于正确解读和执行指南中的指示。 1.3 命令输入示例章节中包含了对命令行输入的详细说明，包括常用的开发者工具和命令行操作，以便读者能够准确地执行和理解。这部分是实践操作的基础，有助于新手快速上手。 1.4 致谢手册的编写离不开众多贡献者的辛勤工作和支持，这里向他们表示感谢，体现了开发者社区的共享精神和协作力量。 2. 关于uClinux-dist 这部分深入探讨了uClinux-dist的特点，包括其内核定制、模块化设计、优化的内存管理以及对嵌入式硬件的支持。此外，还可能包含如何获取和安装uClinux-dist，以及如何构建和启动固件的过程。随着指南的展开，读者将了解到如何进行基础配置，如何添加驱动程序以支持特定硬件设备，以及如何调试和优化代码以适应嵌入式环境的性能要求。整体而言，这份文档是uClinux-dist开发过程中的宝贵参考资料，无论是对于初次接触的开发者还是经验丰富的工程师，都能从中受益匪浅。通过阅读和遵循这份详细的开发者指南，开发者们将能够更有效地利用uClinux-dist进行嵌入式系统的开发，提升项目的成功率并缩短开发周期。"

uClinux-dist developers guide version 1.1

2. About uClinux-dist

uClinux-dist is a source code based distribution distributed by uClinux.org.

While uClinux-dist was first made for uClinux

, it is not solely for uClinux use. Modifications were made to

make it compatible with uClinux, and it can also be used with MMU CPUs such as i386, ARM, and

PowerPC by selecting existing Linux at configuration time.

As there are some restrictions in uClinux that existing Linux does not have, it was necessary to make

existing Linux applications compatible with uClinux on an individual basis. uClinux-dist automates the

process of combining the uClinux compatible application with the Linux Kernel build system and generating

the write files to be written to flash memory etc.

Existing Linux distributions are mainly designed for desktop and server PCs. Therefore, there were

problems with file size and memory usage etc. when employing them as a base for embedded devices. As

uClinux-dist assumes the use of embedded devices from the beginning, it allows for the selection of only the

required functions at compile time.

Moreover, uClinux-dist has many other excellent features. By storing configuration settings for individual

products, it allows for simple creation of image files for a specific product. Also, Kernel and Userland

configuration can be carried out from the same menu, and then both outputted as one image file.

Therefore, the merits of uClinux-dist are not restricted to products that use uClinux, and even extend to

embedded devices that run Linux and include a MMU.

uClinux is a Linux distribution designed to run on microcomputers without a MMU. It is generally utilized

in products that do not have large-capacity auxiliary storage such as a HDD. The results of uClinux

development have been merged in Linux 2.6 series.

uClinux-dist developers guide version 1.1

3. Default Image Build

This section describes how to make a default image for the chosen target board.

All operations should be performed as a general user. Mistakes made as a root user may damage the

operating environment of the development machine.

3.1. Acquiring Source Code

uClinux distributed by Atmark Techno, Inc. can be downloaded from the URL shown below:

http://download.atmark-techno.com/dist/

It can be also acquired from the Atmark Techno, Inc. product portal site or development kit.

The original uClinux-dist as distributed by uClinux.org has a file name that includes the date, as in

“uClinux-dist-YYYMMDD.tar.gz”. Here, “YYYY” stands for year, “MM” for month and “DD” for day. Files

distributed by Atmark Techno, Inc. have “atYYYMMDD” added.

Example 3-1 File Name of uClinux-dist

[PC ~]$ ls

uClinux-dist-at20040408.tar.gz

3.2. Restoring Source Code Archive

uClinux-dist can be restored anywhere in the system. Choose a place that is convenient to work with and

where the hard drive has enough room to store it. Up to 500MB after restoring and up 1GB after compiling

may be required . Here, uClinux is restored to the user home directory (~/) for convenience.

[PC ~]$ tar xvzf uClinux-dist-atYYYYMMDD.tar.gz

[PC ~]$ ls

uClinux-dist-atYYYYMMDD/

Hereinafter, uClinux-dist-atYYYMMDD is described as uClinux-dist.

Unlike uClinux-dist distributed by uClinux.org, uClinux-dist distributed by Atmark Techno, Inc. does not

contain Linux Kernel source code. The Kernel source code suitable for the product being used can be

downloaded from the product portal site, or obtained from the CD-ROM included in the development kit.

The Linux Kernel source code should be restored within uClinux-dist. Restore the Kernel for each

product, and create a symbolic link with the name linux-2.4.x within the uClinux-dist directory.

[PC ~]$ ls

linux-2.4.24-foo.tar.gz uClinux-dist-YYYYMMDD-atX/

uClinux-dist-atYYYYMMDD.tar.gz

[PC ~]$ tar xvzf linux-2.4.24-foo.tar.gz

[PC ~]$ cd uClinux-dist

[PC ~/uClinux-dist]$ ln -s ../linux-2.4.24-foo ./linux-2.4.x

[PC ~/uClinux-dist]$ ls -l linux-2.4.x

lrwxrwxrwx linux-2.4.x -> ../linux-2.4.24-foo

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