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首页TOGAF架构框架第9版详解
"TOGAF 参考手册第9版 - 英文版"
TOGAF(The Open Group Architecture Framework)是企业架构领域广泛接受和使用的框架,其第9版是TOGAF的一个重要里程碑,提供了全面的方法论和工具集,帮助企业构建、实施和发展其IT架构。本参考手册是为TOGAF认证考试准备的重要资料,强调了个人PDF版,不适用于再分发。
TOGAF Version 9由The Open Group于2009年发布,涵盖了企业架构的各个方面,包括但不限于架构开发方法(ADM)、企业连续性、技术成熟度模型等。手册旨在为架构师、项目经理、IT专业人员和企业领导提供指导,帮助他们理解和应用TOGAF框架。
手册分为多个部分,首先介绍TOGAF文档的结构和概述,让读者快速了解TOGAF的核心概念。第一部分介绍了:
1.1 结构化TOGAF文档:这部分详细描述了TOGAF文档的组织结构,包括各部分的作用和相互关系,便于用户查找和理解所需信息。
1.2 执行概览:为高级管理人员提供一个简洁的TOGAF概览,解释了TOGAF如何支持企业的业务目标和战略。
第二部分深入讨论了TOGAF的核心概念:
2.1 什么是TOGAF?:这部分解释了TOGAF是什么,它的目的和价值,以及它在企业架构中的角色。
2.2 TOGAF中的架构是什么?:定义了“架构”的概念,强调了在TOGAF框架中,架构是如何涵盖业务、数据、应用和技术四个关键领域的。
2.3 什么样的架构:探讨了不同类型的架构(如业务架构、数据架构、应用架构和基础设施架构),以及它们如何相互关联和支持企业的整体架构愿景。
TOGAF的其他部分包括架构开发方法(ADM),这是一个迭代和灵活的过程,用于创建和维护企业架构。它还涉及了如何进行需求管理、治理、合规性和审计。此外,TOGAF还提供了大量的模板、工具和最佳实践,以帮助实际操作中的架构工作。
TOGAF Version 9还包括对企业连续性、架构能力框架、技术成熟度模型等方面的讨论,这些都对建立和维护一个有效的企业架构实践至关重要。通过TOGAF,企业能够更好地规划和协调IT投资,确保技术与业务战略的对齐,从而提高效率,降低成本,并促进创新。
TOGAF参考手册第9版是企业架构专业人员的必备参考资料,它提供了全面的理论知识和实践经验,对于那些寻求TOGAF认证或希望提升其企业架构能力的人来说,具有极高的价值。
Contents
40.2 Character istics of Solutions ............................................................ 544
40.3 Character istics of Architectures...................................................... 544
40.4 Applying Classification to Create Par titioned
Architectures ................................................................................... 545
40.4.1 Par titioning the Architecture Landscape to
Understand the State of the Enterpr ise....................................... 547
40.4.2 Par titioning Reference Models to Encourage Good
Practice and Re-Use ................................................................... 550
40.4.3 Enforce Corporate Policy though Compliance with
Standards .................................................................................... 551
40.4.4 Activities within the PreliminaryPhase ........................................ 553
40.4.5 Activities within Phases A to F..................................................... 555
40.4.6 Activities within Phases G and H................................................. 557
40.4.7 Content Aggregation and Integration ........................................... 557
Chapter 41 Architecture Repository ......................................................... 559
41.1 Over view......................................................................................... 559
41.2 Architecture Landscape .................................................................. 561
41.3 Reference Librar y ........................................................................... 561
41.3.1 Over view...................................................................................... 561
41.4 Standards Infor mation Base ........................................................... 562
41.4.1 Over view...................................................................................... 562
41.4.2 Types of Standard........................................................................ 562
41.4.3 Standards Lifecycle ..................................................................... 563
41.4.4 Standards Classification within the Standards
Infor mation Base ......................................................................... 563
41.5 Governance Log............................................................................. 564
41.5.1 Over view...................................................................................... 564
41.5.2 Contents of the Governance Log................................................. 564
Chapter 42 Tools for Architecture Development.................................. 567
42.1 Over view......................................................................................... 567
42.2 Issues in Tool Standardization........................................................ 567
42.3 Evaluation Criter ia and Guidelines ................................................. 568
42.3.1 Tool Criter ia ................................................................................. 568
42.3.2 General Pointers .......................................................................... 571
Part VITOGAF Reference Models................................................. 573
Chapter 43 Foundation Architecture: Technical Reference
Model.............................................................................................. 575
43.1 Concepts ........................................................................................ 575
43.1.1 Role of the TRM in the Foundation Architecture ......................... 575
43.1.2 TRM Components ....................................................................... 575
43.1.3 Other TRMs ................................................................................. 576
43.2 High-LevelBreakdown .................................................................... 576
43.2.1 Over view...................................................................................... 576
43.2.2 Por tability and Interoperability ..................................................... 577
43.3 TRM in Detail.................................................................................. 578
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Contents
43.3.1 Introduction.................................................................................. 578
43.3.2 TRM Entities and Interfaces ........................................................ 579
43.3.3 Application Software .................................................................... 579
43.3.4 Application Platfor m ..................................................................... 581
43.3.5 Communications Infrastr ucture.................................................... 582
43.3.6 Application Platfor m Interface ...................................................... 583
43.3.7 Communications Infrastr ucture Interface ..................................... 583
43.3.8 Qualities....................................................................................... 583
43.4 Application Platfor m —Taxonomy.................................................. 584
43.4.1 Basic Pr inciples ........................................................................... 584
43.4.2 Application Platfor m Ser vice Categor ies ..................................... 584
43.4.3 Application Platfor m Ser vice Qualities ......................................... 589
43.5 Detailed Platfor m Taxonomy........................................................... 590
43.5.1 Data Interchange Services .......................................................... 590
43.5.2 Data Management Services ........................................................ 592
43.5.3 Graphics and Imaging Services ................................................... 593
43.5.4 International Operation Services ................................................. 593
43.5.5 Location and DirectorySer vices.................................................. 594
43.5.6 Networ k Ser vices ........................................................................ 595
43.5.7 Operating System Services ......................................................... 597
43.5.8 Software Engineering Services ................................................... 598
43.5.9 Transaction Processing Services ................................................. 599
43.5.10 User Interface Services ............................................................... 599
43.5.11 Security Services ......................................................................... 600
43.5.12 System and Networ k Management Services .............................. 602
43.5.13 Object-Oriented Provision of Services ........................................ 604
Chapter 44 Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference
Model.............................................................................................. 607
44.1 Basic Concepts ............................................................................... 607
44.1.1 Background ................................................................................. 607
44.1.2 Components of the Model ........................................................... 608
44.1.3 Relationship to Other parts of TOGAF ........................................ 608
44.1.4 Key Business and Technical Drivers ............................................ 608
44.1.5 Status of the III-RM...................................................................... 610
44.2 High-LevelView.............................................................................. 611
44.2.1 Derivation of the III-RM from the TRM......................................... 611
44.2.2 High-LevelIII-RM Graphic ........................................................... 612
44.2.3 Components of the High-LevelIII-RM ......................................... 613
44.3 Detailed Taxonomy......................................................................... 615
44.3.1 Detailed III-RM Graphic ............................................................... 615
44.3.2 Business Applications .................................................................. 615
44.3.3 Infrastr ucture Applications ........................................................... 620
44.3.4 Application Platfor m ..................................................................... 621
44.3.5 Qualities....................................................................................... 625
Part VII Architecture Capability Framework ............................. 627
Chapter 45 Introduction ................................................................................. 629
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Contents
45.1 Over view......................................................................................... 629
45.2 Structure of Par t VII ........................................................................ 630
Chapter 46 Establishing an Architecture Capability .......................... 631
46.1 Over view......................................................................................... 631
46.2 Phase A: Architecture Vision.......................................................... 632
46.3 Phase B: Business Architecture ..................................................... 633
46.4 Phase C: Infor mation Systems Architecture — Data...................... 634
46.5 Phase C: Infor mation Systems Architecture —
Application ...................................................................................... 634
46.6 Phase D: Technology Architecture ................................................. 634
46.7 Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions ............................................... 634
46.8 Phase F: Migration Planning .......................................................... 634
46.9 Phase G: Implementation Governance .......................................... 635
46.10 Phase H: Architecture Change Management................................. 635
46.11 Requirements Management ........................................................... 635
Chapter 47 Architecture Board.................................................................... 637
47.1 Role ................................................................................................ 637
47.2 Responsibilities............................................................................... 638
47.3 Setting Up the Architecture Board.................................................. 639
47.3.1 Triggers ........................................................................................ 639
47.3.2 Sizeofthe Board......................................................................... 639
47.3.3 Board Str ucture ........................................................................... 640
47.4 Operation of the Architecture Board............................................... 640
47.4.1 General ........................................................................................ 641
47.4.2 Preparation .................................................................................. 641
47.4.3 Agenda ........................................................................................ 641
Chapter 48 Architecture Compliance........................................................ 645
48.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 645
48.2 Ter minology: The Meaning of Architecture Compliance................. 645
48.3 Architecture Compliance Reviews .................................................. 647
48.3.1 Purpose ....................................................................................... 647
48.3.2 Timing.......................................................................................... 648
48.3.3 Governance and Personnel Scenarios ........................................ 649
48.4 Architecture Compliance ReviewProcess ...................................... 649
48.4.1 Over view...................................................................................... 649
48.4.2 Roles ........................................................................................... 651
48.4.3 Steps ........................................................................................... 652
48.5 Architecture Compliance ReviewChecklists .................................. 653
48.5.1 Hardware and Operating System Checklist ................................. 653
48.5.2 Software Services and Middleware Checklist .............................. 654
48.5.3 Applications Checklists ................................................................ 655
48.5.4 Infor mation Management Checklists ........................................... 658
48.5.5 Security Checklist ........................................................................ 659
48.5.6 System Management Checklist ................................................... 660
48.5.7 System Engineer ing/Overall Architecture
Checklists .................................................................................... 661
48.5.8 System Engineer ing/Methods &Tools Checklist ......................... 664
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Contents
48.6 Architecture Compliance ReviewGuidelines .................................. 665
48.6.1 Tailor ing the Checklists ................................................................ 665
48.6.2 Conducting Architecture Compliance Reviews ............................ 666
Chapter 49 Architecture Contracts............................................................ 667
49.1 Role ................................................................................................ 667
49.2 Contents ......................................................................................... 668
49.2.1 Statement of Architecture Wor k ................................................... 668
49.2.2 Contract between Architecture Design and
Development Par tners ................................................................. 669
49.2.3 Contract between Architecting Function and
Business Users............................................................................ 669
49.3 Relationship to Architecture Governance ....................................... 670
Chapter 50 Architecture Governance ....................................................... 671
50.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 671
50.1.1 Levels of Governance within the Enterpr ise ................................ 671
50.1.2 Nature of Governance ................................................................. 672
50.1.3 Technology Governance .............................................................. 673
50.1.4 IT Governance ............................................................................. 673
50.1.5 Architecture Governance: Over view............................................ 674
50.2 Architecture Governance Framework ............................................. 675
50.2.1 Architecture Governance Framework — Conceptual
Str ucture...................................................................................... 675
50.2.2 Architecture Governance Framework —
Organizational Structure .............................................................. 678
50.3 Architecture Governance in Practice .............................................. 680
50.3.1 Architecture Governance — Key Success Factors ...................... 680
50.3.2 Elements of an EffectiveArchitecture Governance
Strategy ....................................................................................... 681
Chapter 51 Architecture Maturity Models............................................... 683
51.1 Over view......................................................................................... 683
51.2 Background .................................................................................... 684
51.3 US DoC ACMM Framework ............................................................ 685
51.3.1 Over view...................................................................................... 685
51.3.2 Elements of the ACMM ................................................................ 685
51.3.3 Example: Enter prise Architecture Process Maturity
Levels .......................................................................................... 686
51.4 Capability Matur ity Models Integration (CMMI) .............................. 689
51.4.1 Introduction.................................................................................. 689
51.4.2 SCAMPI Method .......................................................................... 689
51.5 Conclusions.................................................................................... 690
Chapter 52 Architecture Skills Framework............................................. 691
52.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 691
52.2 Need foranEnter prise Architecture Skills Framework ................... 691
52.2.1 Definitional Rigor ......................................................................... 691
52.2.2 Basis of an Internal Architecture Practice .................................... 692
52.3 Goals/Rationale.............................................................................. 693
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Contents
52.3.1 Certification of Enterpr ise Architects ........................................... 693
52.3.2 Specific Benefits .......................................................................... 693
52.4 Enterpr ise Architecture Role and Skill Categories ......................... 694
52.4.1 Over view...................................................................................... 694
52.4.2 TOGAF Roles .............................................................................. 694
52.4.3 Categories of Skills...................................................................... 695
52.4.4 Proficiency Levels ........................................................................ 696
52.5 Enterpr ise Architecture Role and Skill Definitions .......................... 696
52.5.1 Generic Skills............................................................................... 696
52.5.2 Business Skills & Methods .......................................................... 697
52.5.3 Enterpr ise Architecture Skills ...................................................... 697
52.5.4 ProgramorProject Management Skills ....................................... 698
52.5.5 IT General Knowledge Skills ....................................................... 698
52.5.6 Technical IT Skills........................................................................ 699
52.5.7 Legal Environment ....................................................................... 699
52.6 Generic Role and Skills of the Enterpr ise Architect ........................ 700
52.6.1 Generic Role................................................................................ 700
52.6.2 Character ization in Ter ms of the Enterpr ise
Continuum ................................................................................... 702
52.6.3 Key Character istics of an Enterpr ise Architect ............................ 702
52.7 Conclusions.................................................................................... 704
Part VIII Appendices................................................................................ 705
Appendix A Glossar y of SupplementaryDefinitions........................... 707
Appendix B Abbreviations.............................................................................. 723
Index ............................................................................................... 729
List of Figures
1-1 Structure of the TOGAF Document ................................................... 3
2-1 Relationships between Deliverables,Artifacts,and
Building Blocks .................................................................................. 12
2-2 Example —Architecture Definition Document .................................. 12
2-3 Enterpr ise Continuum ........................................................................ 13
2-4 TOGAF Architecture RepositoryStr ucture ........................................ 14
2-5 TOGAF Architecture Capability Over view......................................... 16
5-1 Architecture Development Cycle ....................................................... 53
5-2 ProgressiveArchitecture Development .............................................. 59
5-3 Integration of Architecture Artifacts ................................................... 63
6-1 PreliminaryPhase ............................................................................. 67
6-2 Management Fr a meworkstoCo-ordinate with TOGAF ..................... 72
6-3 Interoperability and Relationships between Management
Fr a meworks....................................................................................... 73
7-1 Phase A: Architecture Vision............................................................. 81
8-1 Phase B: Business Architecture ........................................................ 93
8-2 UML Business Class Diagram........................................................... 96
xx TOGAF Version 9 (2009)
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