掌握Flask框架：构建动态Web应用实战教程

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"《Learning Flask Framework》是一本由Matt Copperwaite和Charles Leifer合著的书籍，由Packt Publishing在2015年11月出版。本书是针对Python初学者和有经验开发者的一手指南，旨在帮助读者学习如何使用Flask框架构建动态、数据驱动的现代Web应用。Flask遵循Python的设计原则，即使对Python不熟悉的读者也能快速上手。书中内容覆盖了Flask框架的核心概念和实践技巧，包括但不限于： 1. 模板技术：通过学习如何使用模板，读者将学会创建模块化和灵活的网页，提高Web应用的可维护性。 2. SQLAlchemy：作者会指导读者如何利用Flask与SQLAlchemy集成，实现关系型数据的存储和检索，这对于构建数据库驱动的应用至关重要。 3. Alembic：通过介绍如何使用Alembic进行数据库迁移，读者可以掌握版本控制和数据结构的管理，确保代码与数据库的同步更新。 4. flask-admin：本书还将演示如何使用flask-admin创建后台管理界面，提升应用的管理和操作便利性。 5. Flask-Restless：读者将学习如何构建RESTful API，扩展应用的服务端功能，为移动应用或API服务提供支持。 6. 测试与调试：通过Flask测试客户端，学习如何模拟请求和会话，对应用程序进行单元测试和集成测试，确保代码质量。 7. Ajax交互：书中还将涉及Jinja2模板中的Ajax请求，使前端与后端通信更加高效，提升用户体验。《Learning Flask Framework》是一本实战性强、理论与实践结合的教程，适合希望将Python技能应用于Web开发的读者，无论你是初级开发者还是寻求进一步提升的中级开发者，都能从中获益匪浅。通过阅读本书，读者不仅能掌握Flask框架，还能了解如何将其与其他库和技术相结合，构建出高效、安全的现代Web项目。"

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Preface

Welcome to Learning Flask, the book that will teach you the necessary skills to

build web applications with Flask, a lightweight Python web framework. This

book takes an example-driven approach that is designed to get you started quickly.

The practical examples are balanced with just the right amount of background

information to ensure that you understand not only the how, but also the why of

Flask development.

Flask was originally released by Armin Ronacher as part of an elaborate April

Fool's Day prank in 2010. The project touted itself as, "The next generation python

micro web-framework," and lampooned features made popular by similar

microframeworks. Although Flask was intended as a prank, the authors were

caught by surprise when many people expressed serious interest in the project.

Flask is a microframework that is built on top of two excellent libraries: the Jinja2

templating engine, and the Werkzeug WSGI toolkit. Despite being a relative

new-comer compared to other frameworks, such as Django, and Pylons, Flask has

garnered a large and loyal following. Flask provides powerful tools for common

web development tasks and encourages a bring-your-own-library approach for

everything else, allowing programmers the exibility to pick and choose the best

components for their application. Every Flask app is different, and as the project's

documentation states, "Flask is Fun".

The Flask microframework represents a departure in terms of design and API from

most other popular Python web frameworks, which has led many developers that

are new to Flask to ask, "What is the right way to build an app?" Flask does not offer

any strong opinions on how we, the developers, should build our app. Instead, it

provides opinions on what you need to build an app. Flask can be thought of as a

collection of objects and functions to deal with common web tasks, such as routing

URLs to code, processing request data, and rendering templates. While the level

of exibility that Flask provides is liberating, it can also lead to confusion and

poor designs.

Preface

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viii

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The purpose of this book is to help you see this exibility as opportunity. Over

the course of this book, we will be building and progressively enhancing a Flask-

powered blogging site. New concepts will be introduced through the addition of

new features to the site. By the end of the book, we will have created a fully-featured

website, and you will have a strong working knowledge of Flask and the ecosystem

of its commonly-used extensions and libraries.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Creating Your First Flask Application, begins with the bold declaration,

"Flask is fun", which is one of the rst things that you see when you view the ofcial

Flask documentation, and in this chapter, you will get to grips with why so many

Python developers agree.

Chapter 2, Relational Databases with SQLAlchemy, says that relational databases are

the bedrock upon which almost all modern web applications are built. We will use

SQLAlchemy, a powerful object-relational mapper that allows us to abstract away

the complexities of multiple database engines. In this chapter, you will learn about

how the data model that you choose early on will affect almost every facet of the code

that follows.

Chapter 3, Templates and Views, covers two of the most recognizable components of

the framework: the Jinja2 template language, and the URL routing framework. We

will fully immerse ourselves in Flask and see our app nally start to take shape.

As we progress through the chapter, our app will start looking like a proper website.

Chapter 4, Forms and Validation, shows you how to use forms to modify content on

your blog directly through the site handled by the popular WTForms library. This

is a fun chapter because we will add all sorts of new ways to interact with our site.

We will create forms to work with our data models and learn how to receive and

validate user data.

Chapter 5, Authenticating Users, explains how you can add user authentication to

your site. Being able to distinguish one user from another allows us to develop an

entirely new class of features. For instance, we will see how to restrict access to the

create, edit, and delete views, preventing anonymous users from tampering with

site content. We can also display a user's draft posts to them but hide them from

everyone else.

Preface

[

]

Chapter 6, Building an Administrative Dashboard, shows you how you can build an

administrative dashboard for your site, using the excellent Flask-Admin. Our admin

dashboard will give certain selected users the ability to manage all the content across

the entire site. In essence, the admin site will be a graphical frontend for the database,

supporting operations to create, edit, and delete rows in our application's tables.

Chapter 7, AJAX and RESTful APIs, uses Flask-Restless to create a RESTful API

for the blogging app. A RESTful API is a powerful way of accessing your app

programmatically by providing highly-structured data to represent it. Flask-Restless

works very well with our SQLAlchemy models, and it also handles complex tasks,

such as serialization, and result ltering.

Chapter 8, Testing Flask Apps, covers how you can write unit tests covering all parts

of the blogging app. We will utilize Flask's test client to simulate "live" requests. We

will also see how the Mock library can simplify testing complex interactions, such as

calling third-party services, such as databases.

Chapter 9, Excellent Extensions, teaches you how to enhance your Flask installation

with popular third-party extensions. We used extensions throughout the book, but

we can now explore the added extra security or functionality with very little effort

and can polish off your app nicely.

Chapter 10, Deploying Your Application, teaches you how to deploy your Flask

applications securely and in an automated, repeatable manner. We will look at how

to congure the commonly-used WSGI capable servers, such as Apache and Nginx,

as well as the Python web server Gunicorn, to give you plenty of options. Then, we

will see how to secure part or the entire site using SSL before nally wrapping up

our application in a conguration management tool to automate our deployment.

What you need for this book

While Python is at home on most operating systems, and we have tried to keep

an operating system-agnostic approach within the book, it is advisable to use a

computer running a Linux distribution or OS X when working with this book,

as Python is already installed and running. The Linux distribution can be either

installed on the machine or within a virtual machine. Almost any Linux distribution

will do, and any recent version of Ubuntu will be ne.

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