精通WCF服务：权威指南(第4版)

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"Programming WCF Services (O'Reilly, 4th ed., 2015)" 是一本关于Microsoft Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 的权威指南，由.NET领域的专家Juval Lowy和Michael Montgomery共同撰写。本书是WCF开发的经典参考资料，旨在帮助读者深入理解并掌握构建现代、面向服务的应用程序所需的技能和概念。本书针对.NET Framework 4.6进行了更新，包含了提升开发效率的新特性，同时也涵盖了最新的WCF理念和技术。作者通过解释WCF编程的原理和实践方法，帮助读者不仅学习技术操作，还能理解其背后的逻辑，从而成为更优秀的软件工程师。在内容部分，虽然没有提供具体的章节或细节，但可以预期书中将涵盖以下关键知识点： 1. **WCF基础**：介绍WCF的基本概念，包括服务合同、绑定、终结点、服务主机和服务行为等，以及如何配置和创建基本的服务。 2. **消息交换模式**：探讨不同类型的通信模式，如请求/响应、单向、回调和双工，以及它们在实际应用中的选择和实现。 3. **数据交换和序列化**：讲解XML、JSON和其他数据格式的使用，以及如何自定义数据契约和数据成员的序列化行为。 4. **事务和安全性**：深入讨论WCF提供的事务支持，以及如何实施安全策略，如身份验证、授权和加密。 5. **错误处理和诊断**：介绍如何处理服务异常，使用WCF的日志记录和跟踪功能进行问题诊断。 6. **服务托管**：涵盖在IIS、自承载和Windows服务等不同环境下的服务托管策略。 7. **性能优化**：讨论如何提高WCF服务的性能，包括缓存策略、服务实例化和并发控制。 8. **分布式系统设计**：介绍如何利用WCF构建可扩展和可维护的分布式应用程序，包括服务发现、服务版本管理和接口设计原则。 9. **集成与互操作性**：讲解与其他技术（如.NET Remoting、Web服务和SOAP）的集成，以及与非.NET环境的互操作性。 10. **高级主题**：可能包括流传输、回调、多通道服务、工作流服务等复杂WCF特性的使用。通过学习本书，开发者不仅能掌握WCF技术，还能了解到如何构建健壮、灵活且易于维护的WCF服务，为企业的IT架构带来价值。这本书是专业开发人员和技术团队的重要参考资源，对于提升对WCF的理解和实践能力大有裨益。

developer, it is the next generation of productivity-oriented features, such as transac‐

tions and hosting, that provide off-the-shelf plumbing for applications. To the appli‐

cation developer, it is a declarative programming model for structuring applications.

And to the architect, it is a tool for building service-oriented applications. WCF is, in

actuality, all of those, simply because it was designed that way—to be the unified

offering of Microsoft’s disparate technologies.

To me, WCF is a superior development platform, which to a large extent subsumed

raw .NET programming. All .NET developers should use WCF, regardless of their

application types, sizes, or industry domains. WCF is a fundamental technology that

provides an easy and clean way to generate services and applications in compliance

with what I regard as sound design principles. WCF was engineered from the ground

up to simplify application development and deployment and to lower the overall cost

of ownership. WCF services allow you to build service-oriented applications, from

standalone desktop applications to web-based applications and services to high-end

Enterprise applications.

How This Book Is Organized

This book covers the topics and skills you need to design and develop service-

oriented WCF-based applications, illustrating how to take advantage of built-in fea‐

tures such as service hosting, instance management, concurrency management,

transactions, disconnected queued calls, security, and the new Windows Azure Ser‐

vice Fabric. But in fact, this book is not about WCF. It is about modern software engi‐

neering, using WCF as a medium to express these design ideas. The various concepts

disused in this book transcend technologies. So while the book shows you how to use

these features in WCF, it focuses on the “why” and on the rationale behind particular

design decisions. You’ll learn about not only WCF programming and the related sys‐

tem issues, but also relevant design options, tips, best practices, and pitfalls. I

approach almost every topic and aspect from a software engineering standpoint,

because my objective is to make you not just a WCF expert, but also a better software

engineer. Armed with the insights this text provides, you can engineer your applica‐

tions for maintainability, extensibility, reusability, and productivity.

This fourth edition has provided me with several opportunities: first, to catch up with

WCF in .NET 4.6 with its new features of parallel processing and configuration. Sec‐

ond, I wanted to present the upcoming Azure Service Fabric, which is a fundamen‐

tally disruptive technology because of the sort of applications it allows developers to

build and how it unifies development and operations. Third, I have had a few more

years’ worth of WCF techniques, ideas, and helper classes, as well as improvement of

the ideas I had in the previous editions. I believe this new material will make this edi‐

tion valuable even to readers of the third edition.

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This book avoids many implementation details of WCF and largely confines its cov‐

erage to the possibilities and practical aspects of using WCF: how to apply the tech‐

nology and how to choose among the available design and programming models. It

makes the most of what .NET 4.6 and the Service Fabric has to offer, and in some

respects is an advanced C# book as well.

In addition, the book contains many useful utilities, tools, and helper classes I have

written, collectively known as ServiceModelEx. My tools, helper classes, and attributes

aim at increasing your productivity and the quality of your WCF services. ServiceMo‐

delEx is literally a small framework that sits on top of WCF and compensates for

some oversights in its design. ServiceModelEx also simplifies and automates certain

tasks. This book is as much about my tools, ideas, and techniques as it is about native

WCF, and my framework also demonstrates how you can extend WCF. Many readers

have told me that aside from the explanations in this book, ServiceModelEx is the

most valuable asset the book offers. I have also kept to my guideline that, in principle,

readers should not have to use all (or any part) of ServiceModelEx. In practice, Serv‐

iceModelEx is your WCF power tools collection. You can also use each helper class,

utility, or framework individually, as there are few, if any, interdependencies.

Each chapter addresses a single topic and discusses it in depth. However, the chapters

often rely on those that precede them, so you should read the book in order.

Here is a brief summary of the chapters and appendixes in this book:

Chapter 1, WCF Essentials

This first chapter starts by explaining what WCF is, then describes essential WCF

concepts and building blocks (such as addresses, contracts, bindings, endpoints,

hosting, and clients) and key concepts such as reliability and transport sessions.

The chapter includes a discussion of the WCF architecture, which is really the

linchpin of all that follows in the subsequent chapters. This chapter assumes that

you understand the basic motivation and benefit of service orientation. If that is

not the case, you should first read Appendix A. Even if you are already familiar

with the basic concepts of WCF, I recommend that you give this chapter at least a

cursory reading, not only to ensure that you have a solid foundation, but also

because some of the helper classes and terms introduced here will be used and

extended throughout the book.

Chapter 2, Service Contracts

Chapter 2 is dedicated to the topic of designing and working with service con‐

tracts. First, it covers some useful techniques for service contract overloading and

inheritance, as well as some advanced techniques. The chapter also discusses how

to design and factor contracts that cater to reuse, maintainability, and extensibil‐

ity. It ends by showing you how to interact programmatically with the metadata

of the exposed contracts at runtime.

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Chapter 3, Data Contracts

Chapter 3 deals with how the client and the service can exchange data without

ever actually sharing the data type itself or using the same development technol‐

ogy. In this chapter, you will see how to deal with some interesting real-life issues,

such as data versioning, and how to pass collections of items. This chapter also

extends the contract design and factoring discussion of Chapter 2 to data con‐

tracts.

Chapter 4, Instance Management

This chapter answers the question of which service instance handles which cli‐

ent’s request. WCF supports several service instance management, activation, and

lifetime management techniques, and your choices will have drastic implications

for scalability, performance, the programming model, and the business workflow.

This chapter presents the rationale behind each of the instance management

modes, offers guidelines on when and how to best use them, and also addresses

some related topics, such as durability and throttling.

Chapter 5, Operations

Chapter 5 deals with the types of operations clients can invoke on a service and

related design guidelines, such as how to improve on and extend the basic WCF

offering to support callback setup and teardown, manage callback ports and

channels, and provide for type-safe duplex proxies.

Chapter 6, Faults

This chapter discusses the best practices of error handling, enabling you to

decouple the client’s error handling from the service’s. When required, the chap‐

ter shows how services can report errors and exceptions back to their clients,

since constructs such as exceptions and exception handling are technology-

specific and should not transcend the service boundary. This chapter also dem‐

onstrates how you can extend and improve on WCF’s basic error-handling

mechanism.

Chapter 7, Transactions

This chapter begins by explaining the motivation for transactions in general,

then discusses the many aspects of transactional services: the transaction man‐

agement architecture, transaction propagation configuration, the declarative

transaction support offered by WCF, and how clients can create transactions. The

chapter ends by discussing relevant design guidelines such as transactional ser‐

vice state management and instancing modes.

Chapter 8, Concurrency Management

Chapter 8 first describes the powerful yet simple declarative way WCF offers for

managing concurrency and synchronization, both for the client and the service.

The chapter then presents more advanced aspects of concurrency management,

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such as callbacks, reentrancy, thread affinity, and synchronization context, best

practices and guidelines for avoiding deadlocks, and asynchronous call manage‐

ment. The chapter also explores the Task-based Asynchronous Pattern (TAP) and

how this style of asynchrony relates to WCF, highlighting best practice techni‐

ques, as well as, discussing potential pitfalls.

Chapter 9, Queued Services

Chapter 9 shows how clients can queue up calls to services, thus enabling asyn‐

chronous, disconnected work. The chapter starts by showing how to set up and

configure queued services, then focuses on aspects such as transactions, instance

management, and failures and their impact on both the business model of the

service and its implementation. It also presents techniques for streamlining

queues, call management, and several original design ideas (such as a queued

response service).

Chapter 10, Security

This chapter demystifies service-oriented security by breaking down this multi‐

faceted task into its basic elements, such as message transfer, authentication, and

authorization. It also demonstrates how to provide security for key scenarios

such as intranet and Internet applications. Finally, it presents my framework for

declarative WCF security, designed to automate security setup and to considera‐

bly simplify managing security.

Chapter 11,

e Azure Service Fabric

Chapter 11 introduces you to the Azure Service Fabric. This chapter starts by

briefly explaining the value and rationale behind the new platform and continues

by presenting the Service Fabric’s many capabilities. The chapter ends by present‐

ing ServiceModelEx.ServiceFabric, our operational Service Fabric that simpli‐

fies how you prepare for the Service Fabric and allows you to deploy Service

Fabric code to any Windows environment that can host WCF services.

Appendix A, Introduction to Service Orientation

This appendix is designed for readers who want to understand what service ori‐

entation is all about: it presents my take on service orientation and puts it in a

concrete context. The appendix defines service-oriented applications (as opposed

to mere architecture) and the services themselves and examines the benefits of

the methodology. It then presents the principles of service orientation and aug‐

ments the abstract tenets with a few more practical points required by most

applications. In this appendix, I also share my perspective on where SOA and

WCF are heading.

Appendix B, Headers and Contexts

This appendix introduces two distinct techniques for enabling the client to pass

out-of-band parameters to the service, resulting in a custom logical context: you

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will see how to use either the message headers or the context binding to achieve

this goal. This appendix also presents my helper classes, which greatly simplify

and encapsulate the required programming. These helper classes and custom

contexts are used in several places in the book.

Appendix C, Discovery

This appendix starts by describing the basic offering of service discovery and

availability announcements introduced in .NET 4.0. Discovery simplifies service

and client deployment and management, and allows for great volatility across

time and deployment sites. The appendix then shows some simple techniques

and helper classes you can use to streamline the programming model. The

appendix ends with our technique for TCP-based discovery that mimics regular

WCF discovery, benefiting from discovery even where UDP is disallowed.

Appendix D, Publish-Subscribe Service

Appendix D presents several techniques for implementing a publish-subscribe

event management solution. It starts with my framework, which lets you develop

a publishing and a subscription service in, at most, one line of code. The appen‐

dix ends with a discovery-enabled publish-subscribe solution that requires no

explicit subscriptions steps.

Appendix E, Generic Interceptor

This appendix presents a general-purpose extensible framework for intercepting

calls to your WCF services. It walks through the technique and thought process

behind such an extension and shows two examples of how to utilize this simple

yet powerful and useful technique.

Appendix F, WCF Coding Standard

Appendix F is basically a consolidated list of all the best practices and dos and

don’ts mentioned throughout this book. The standard is all about the “how” and

the “what,” not the “why.” The rationale behind it is found in the rest of the book.

The standard also uses the terms and helper classes discussed in this book.

Appendix G, ServiceModelEx Catalog

The final appendix presents a catalog of the 100 or so public helper types (exclud‐

ing internal helper types) of ServiceModelEx mentioned in the book, arranged by

categories and techniques, with a short description of each.

Introducing Michael “Monty” Montgomery

In 2009 at my annual Architect’s Master Class I met Monty, who at the time was the

chief architect of a large enterprise. Over the next few years we kept in touch since

Monty was one of the best architects I have ever met. Monty has a natural knack for

service-oriented design and the related system issues. He also proved to be a WCF

expert. In 2012 he finally made the jump and joined IDesign. The reason I wanted

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