C++标准库速查指南：专家视角

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《C++ Standard Library Quick Reference》是一本由Peter Van Weert和Marc Gregoire合著的专业级C++标准库速查指南。这本书是针对C++程序员的重要参考资料，旨在帮助读者快速理解和掌握C++11及后续版本中标准库的各个模块和功能。它提供了对C++ Standard Library的深入剖析，包括容器（如vector、list、map等）、算法（如sort、find、transform等）、迭代器、函数对象（functors）以及异常处理等核心组件的实用指导。书中详细解释了每个库组件的工作原理、用法示例和最佳实践，适合于那些希望提高编程效率并理解底层实现的开发者。无论是初学者还是经验丰富的C++开发者，都可以从中找到提升技能和解决问题的宝贵资源。该书不仅适合个人学习，也可作为团队开发过程中查阅标准库的快速参考工具。作者们强调版权问题，指出该作品受版权保护，未经许可不得进行任何形式的复制、传播或改编，除非是为了学术评论或教学目的提供简短摘录。此外，书中还包含了国际标准书号(ISBN)和图书馆编目号，以及电子版和纸质版的ISBN，便于读者查找和购买。《C++ Standard Library Quick Reference》对于任何想要精通C++语言并充分利用其标准库的人来说，是一本不可或缺的参考书籍，它将帮助读者在实践中更好地理解和应用C++标准库，从而提升代码质量和开发效率。

About the Authors

Peter Van Weert is a Belgian software engineer whose

main interest and expertise are programming

languages, algorithms, and data structures.

He received his master’s of science in computer

science summa cum laude with congratulations of the

Board of Examiners from the University of Leuven. In 2010,

he completed his PhD thesis on the design and efficient

compilation of rule-based programming languages at the

research group for declarative programming languages

and artificial intelligence of the same university.

During his doctoral studies, he was a teaching assistant for

object-oriented programming (Java), software analysis and

design, and declarative programming.

After graduating, Peter joined Nikon Metrology to work on large-scale, industrial

application software in the area of 3D laser scanning and point cloud inspection. At

Nikon, he has mastered C++ and refactoring and debugging of very large code bases

and has gained further proficiency in all aspects of the software development process,

including the analysis of functional and technical requirements, and agile and scrum-

based project and team management.

In his spare time, he has co-authored two award-winning Windows 8 apps, and he is

a regular speaker at and board member of the Belgian C++ Users Group.

Marc Gregoire is a software engineer from Belgium.

He graduated from the University of Leuven, Belgium,

with a degree in “Burgerlijk ingenieur in de computer

wetenschappen” (equivalent to a master’s of science in

engineering in computer science). The year after, he

received the cum laude degree of master’s in artificial

intelligence at the same university. After his studies,

Marc started working for a software consultancy

company called Ordina Belgium. As a consultant, he

worked for Siemens and Nokia Siemens Networks on

critical 2G and 3G software running on Solaris for

telecom operators. This required working in

international teams stretching from South America and

USA to EMEA and Asia. Now, Marc is working for Nikon

Metrology on industrial 3D laser scanning software.

xix

Introd uction

The C++ Standard Library

The C++ Standard Library is a collection of essential classes and functions used by

millions of C++ programmers on a daily basis. Being part of the ISO Standard of the

C++ Programming Language, an implementation is distributed with virtually every

C++ compiler. Code written with the C++ Standard Library is therefore portable across

compilers and target platforms.

The Library is more than 20 years old. Its initial versions were heavily inspired by

a (then proprietary) C++ library called the Standard Template Library (STL) , so much

so that many still incorrectly refer to the Standard Library as “the STL.” The STL library

pioneered generic programming with templated data structures called containers and

algorithms , glued together with the concept of iterators . Most of this work was adapted by

the C++ standardization committee, but nevertheless neither library is a true superset of

the other.

The C++ Standard Library today is much more than the STL containers and

algorithms. For decades, it has featured STL-like string classes, extensive localization

facilities, and a stream-based I/O library, as well as all headers of the C Standard Library.

In recent years, the C++11 and C++14 editions of the ISO standard have added, among

other things, hash map containers, generic smart pointers, a versatile random-number-

generation framework, a powerful regular expression library, more expressive utilities

for function-style programming, type traits for template metaprogramming, and a

portable concurrency library featuring threads, mutexes, condition variables, and atomic

variables. Many of these libraries are based on Boost, a collection of open-source C++

libraries.

And this is just the beginning: the C++ community has rarely been as active and alive

as in the past few years. The next version of the Standard, tentatively called C++17, is

expected to add even more essential classes and functions.

Why This Book?

Needless to say, it is hard to know and remember all the possibilities, details, and

intricacies of the vast and growing C++ Standard Library. This handy reference guide

offers a condensed, well-structured summary of all essential aspects of the C++ Standard

Library and is therefore indispensable to any C++ programmer.

You could consult the Standard itself, but it is written in a very detailed, technical

style and is primarily targeted at Library implementors. Moreover, it is very long: the C++

Standard Library chapters alone are over 750 pages in length, and those on the

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