DB2 v9.7开发CLI指南与参考（卷1）：Linux、UNIX与Windows支持

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DB2 v9.7 development CLI Volume 1 是一份详细的文档，专为IBM DB2数据库系统v9.7设计，支持Linux、UNIX和Windows操作系统。这份指南和参考手册是第二卷，编号为SC27-2438-00，旨在提供给开发人员深入理解和使用DB2 Call Level Interface (CLI) 的工具和资源。在本手册中，用户可以学习到关于DB2 v9.7 CLI的安装、配置、API调用、数据管理和性能优化等核心知识点。它涵盖了命令行接口的基本概念，包括如何与数据库进行交互，执行SQL语句，以及处理事务、存储过程、索引管理、备份恢复等关键操作。此外，还包含了关于错误处理、安全性、性能监控和调试技巧等内容，对于那些在生产环境中维护和开发基于DB2的应用程序的开发者来说，这是一份极其宝贵的参考资料。值得注意的是，在使用此文档提供的信息之前，务必阅读附录B中的"注意事项"部分，了解版权声明、许可协议和任何产品保修情况。该文档可能包含专有信息，受IBM版权保护，且不构成产品保修声明，任何在手册中提及的陈述均不应被理解为保修承诺。获取IBM文档的方式多样，可以通过IBM官方网站（www.ibm.com/shop/publications）在线订购，或者联系当地的IBM代表或访问IBM全球联系人目录（www.ibm.com/planetwide）来寻找服务。对于美国和加拿大的用户，可以直接拨打1-800-IBM-4YOU（426-4968）进行DB2出版物的购买。当你向IBM发送信息时，你同意授予IBM非独家使用这些数据的权利。因此，确保在使用本手册提供的技术资料时，遵循相关的知识产权和使用条款是非常重要的。 DB2 v9.7 development CLI Volume 1 是一个实用且全面的资源，对于任何希望通过命令行接口深度开发和管理DB2数据库的开发人员来说，是提升技能和解决问题的宝贵工具。

the string. For functions that return length information for server data, the display

size and precision are again described in terms of the number of SQLWCHAR

elements used to store them. When the length (transfer size of the data) could refer

to string or non-string data, it is interpreted as the number of bytes needed to store

the data.

For example, SQLGetInfoW() will still take the length as the number of bytes, but

SQLExecDirectW() will use the number of SQLWCHAR elements. Consider a single

character from the UTF-16 extended character set (UTF-16 is an extended character

set of UCS-2; Microsoft

Windows 2000 and Microsoft Windows XP use UTF-16).

Microsoft Windows 2000 will use two SQL_C_WCHAR elements, which is

equivalent to 4 bytes, to store this single character. The character therefore has a

display size of 1, a string length of 2 (when using SQL_C_WCHAR), and a byte

count of 4. CLI will return data from result sets in either Unicode or ANSI,

depending on the application’s binding. If an application binds to SQL_C_CHAR,

the driver will convert SQL_WCHAR data to SQL_CHAR. An ODBC driver

manager, if used, maps SQL_C_WCHAR to SQL_C_CHAR for ANSI drivers but

does no mapping for Unicode drivers.

ANSI to Unicode function mappings

The syntax for a DB2 CLI Unicode function is the same as the syntax for its

corresponding ANSI function, except that SQLCHAR parameters are defined as

SQLWCHAR. Character buffers defined as SQLPOINTER in the ANSI syntax can

be defined as either SQLCHAR or SQLWCHAR in the Unicode function. Refer to

the ANSI version of the CLI Unicode functions for ANSI syntax details.

SQLAllocConnect function (CLI) - Allocate connection handle

Deprecated

Note:

In ODBC 3.0, SQLAllocConnect() has been deprecated and replaced with

SQLAllocHandle().

Although this version of DB2 CLI continues to support SQLAllocConnect(), it is

recommended that you use SQLAllocHandle() in your DB2 CLI programs so that

they conform to the latest standards.

Migrating to the new function

The statement:

SQLAllocConnect(henv, &hdbc);

for example, would be rewritten using the new function as:

SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, henv, &hdbc);

SQLAllocEnv function (CLI) - Allocate environment handle

Deprecated

Note:

Unicode functions (CLI)

6 Call Level Interface Guide and Reference, Volume 2

In ODBC 3.0, SQLAllocEnv() has been deprecated and replaced with

SQLAllocHandle().

Although this version of DB2 CLI continues to support SQLAllocEnv(), use

SQLAllocHandle() in your DB2 CLI programs so that they conform to the latest

standards.

Migrating to the new function

The statement:

SQLAllocEnv(&henv);

for example, would be rewritten using the new function as:

SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &henv);

SQLAllocHandle function (CLI) - Allocate handle

Purpose

Specification: DB2 CLI 5.0 ODBC 3.0 ISO CLI

SQLAllocHandle() is a generic function that allocates environment, connection,

statement, or descriptor handles.

Note: This function replaces the deprecated ODBC 2.0 functions

SQLAllocConnect(), SQLAllocEnv(), and SQLAllocStmt().

Syntax

SQLRETURN SQLAllocHandle (

SQLSMALLINT HandleType, /* fHandleType */

SQLHANDLE InputHandle, /* hInput */

SQLHANDLE *OutputHandlePtr); /* *phOutput */

Function Arguments

Table 2. SQLAllocHandle arguments

Data type Argument Use Description

SQLSMALLINT HandleType input The type of handle to be allocated by

SQLAllocHandle(). Must be one of the following

values:

v SQL_HANDLE_ENV

v SQL_HANDLE_DBC

v SQL_HANDLE_STMT

v SQL_HANDLE_DESC

SQLHANDLE InputHandle input Existing handle to use as a context for the new

handle being allocated. If HandleType is

SQL_HANDLE_ENV, this is SQL_NULL_HANDLE.

If HandleType is SQL_HANDLE_DBC, this must be

an environment handle, and if it is

SQL_HANDLE_STMT or SQL_HANDLE_DESC, it

must be a connection handle.

SQLHANDLE * OutputHandlePtr output Pointer to a buffer in which to return the handle to

the newly allocated data structure.

SQLAllocEnv function (CLI) - Allocate environment handle

Chapter 1. CLI and ODBC functions 7

Usage

SQLAllocHandle() is used to allocate environment, connection, statement, and

descriptor handles. An application can allocate multiple environment, connection,

statement, or descriptor handles at any time a valid InputHandle exists.

If the application calls SQLAllocHandle() with *OutputHandlePtr set to an existing

environment, connection, statement, or descriptor handle, DB2 CLI overwrites the

handle, and new resources appropriate to the handle type are allocated. There are

no changes made to the CLI resources associated with the original handle.

Return codes

v SQL_SUCCESS

v SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO

v SQL_INVALID_HANDLE

v SQL_ERROR

If SQLAllocHandle() returns SQL_INVALID_HANDLE, it will set OutputHandlePtr

to SQL_NULL_HENV, SQL_NULL_HDBC, SQL_NULL_HSTMT, or

SQL_NULL_HDESC, depending on the value of HandleType, unless the output

argument is a null pointer. The application can then obtain additional information

from the diagnostic data structure associated with the handle in the InputHandle

argument.

Diagnostics

Table 3. SQLAllocHandle SQLSTATEs

SQLSTATE Description Explanation

01000 Warning. Informational message. (Function returns

SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO.)

08003 Connection is closed. The HandleType argument was SQL_HANDLE_STMT or

SQL_HANDLE_DESC, but the connection handle specified by the

InputHandle argument did not have an open connection. The

connection process must be completed successfully (and the

connection must be open) for DB2 CLI to allocate a statement or

descriptor handle.

HY000 General error. An error occurred for which there was no specific SQLSTATE. The

error message returned by SQLGetDiagRec() in the *MessageText

buffer describes the error and its cause.

HY001 Memory allocation failure. DB2 CLI is unable to allocate memory required to support

execution or completion of the function. It is likely that

process-level memory has been exhausted for the application

process. Consult the operating system configuration for

information on process-level memory limitations.

HY013 Unexpected memory handling

error.

The HandleType argument was SQL_HANDLE_DBC,

SQL_HANDLE_STMT, or SQL_HANDLE_DESC; and the function

call could not be processed because the underlying memory

objects could not be accessed, possibly because of low memory

conditions.

HY014 No more handles. The limit for the number of handles that can be allocated for the

type of handle indicated by the HandleType argument has been

reached, or in some cases, insufficient system resources exist to

properly initialize the new handle.

SQLAllocHandle function (CLI) - Allocate handle

8 Call Level Interface Guide and Reference, Volume 2

SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hdbc, &hstmt);

SQLBindCol function (CLI) - Bind a column to an application variable

or LOB locator

Purpose

Specification: DB2 CLI 1.1 ODBC 1.0 ISO CLI

SQLBindCol() is used to associate (bind) columns in a result set to either:

v Application variables or arrays of application variables (storage buffers), for all

C data types. Data is transferred from the DBMS to the application when

SQLFetch() or SQLFetchScroll() is called. Data conversion might occur as the

data is transferred.

v A LOB locator, for LOB columns. A LOB locator, not the data itself, is transferred

from the DBMS to the application when SQLFetch() is called.

Alternatively, LOB columns can be bound directly to a file using

SQLBindFileToCol().

SQLBindCol()

is called once for each column in the result set that the application

needs to retrieve.

In general, SQLPrepare(), SQLExecDirect() or one of the schema functions is called

before this function, and SQLFetch(), SQLFetchScroll(), SQLBulkOperations(), or

SQLSetPos() is called after. Column attributes might also be needed before calling

SQLBindCol(), and can be obtained using SQLDescribeCol() or SQLColAttribute().

Syntax

SQLRETURN SQLBindCol (

SQLHSTMT StatementHandle, /* hstmt */

SQLUSMALLINT ColumnNumber, /* icol */

SQLSMALLINT TargetType, /* fCType */

SQLPOINTER TargetValuePtr, /* rgbValue */

SQLLEN BufferLength, /* dbValueMax */

SQLLEN *StrLen_or_IndPtr); /* *pcbValue */

Function arguments

Table 4. SQLBindCol arguments

Data type Argument Use Description

SQLHSTMT StatementHandle input Statement handle

SQLUSMALLINT ColumnNumber input Number identifying the column. Columns are

numbered sequentially, from left to right.

v Column numbers start at 1 if bookmarks are not

used (SQL_ATTR_USE_BOOKMARKS statement

attribute set to SQL_UB_OFF).

v Column numbers start at 0 if bookmarks are

used (the statement attribute is set to

SQL_UB_ON). Column 0 is the bookmark

column.

SQLAllocStmt function (CLI) - Allocate a statement handle

10 Call Level Interface Guide and Reference, Volume 2

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