莫里斯拉贡献：同行参与与软件，塑造数字时代政府教育新范例 - CSDN文库

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Open Source 7

United States Declaration of Independence to the Republican

Party’s 1994 Contract with America; and in the arts, including

Walt Whitman’s 1885 preface to Leaves of Grass and Frank

O’Hara’s Personism: A Manifesto, from the world of poetry, sug-

gesting hackers deploy a self-conscious political and social

activism. And certainly the FSF was (and is) activist. What it was

not conceived as, though, was a business model. Instead, the

FSF articulated a philosophy, one predicated on the ideal that

software, morally speaking, should not be proprietary.

By 1992, having formulated and executed the GNU Project

under the guiding principles of the FSF, Stallman combined his

community-developed operating system components with the

Linux kernel—code that manages communications between

software and hardware in an operating system—to create an

operating system comprised of entirely free software. Though

this accomplishment was not the first of its kind, it aids our

description of a seemingly natural transition from free software

as primarily a manifesto to open source software, based on a

similarly altruistic ideology, with real product and commercial

potential. (Anticipating the software industry as we know it

today, it’s worth noting that in the early 1990s the availability

of the Linux kernel gave rise to several Linux distributions when

developers of Unix-like operating systems built on top of the

Linux kernal. Early examples of Linux distributions include

MCC Interim Linux and TAMU. Founded in mid-1992, Soft-

landing Linux System [SLS] was the first Linux distribution to

include more than the kernel and basic utilities.

6

Announced in

November 1992, Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X purportedly was the

first Linux distribution widely available to the public.

7

Linux

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