IEC 61000-3-2: 2014谐波电流限制标准

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"IEC 61000-3-2-2014是国际电工委员会(International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC)发布的一份关于电磁兼容性(EMC)的国际标准，该标准的第四版第二修订版发布于2014年5月。这份标准主要规定了谐波电流发射的限值，特别是针对单相输入电流不大于16安培的设备。标准的目的是确保电子设备在工作时不会产生过量的谐波电流，从而影响电网的稳定性和其他设备的正常运行。" IEC 61000-3-2标准详细阐述了电气设备产生的谐波电流对电力系统的影响，以及如何限制这些谐波以维护电力系统的质量和效率。谐波电流是由于非线性负载导致的电流波形畸变，这些非线性负载包括开关电源、荧光灯、电动机控制器等。谐波电流的存在会导致电压失真、功率损耗增加、设备过热、保护设备误动作等一系列问题。标准中的主要内容可能包括以下几个方面： 1. **定义和分类**：标准首先定义了谐波电流和相关的术语，区分了不同类型的谐波源，并对设备进行了分类。 2. **测试方法**：详细描述了测量设备谐波电流的实验方法，包括测试环境、测试设备和数据处理等步骤，确保结果的准确性和可比性。 3. **限值设定**：根据设备类型和输入电流大小，设定了允许的最大谐波电流限值。这些限值旨在防止谐波对电力系统造成过多的负面影响。 4. **合规性评估**：提供了一套评估设备是否符合标准要求的流程，包括测试报告的编写和审核。 5. **指南和建议**：除了限值外，标准还可能提供了降低谐波的策略和最佳实践，如使用滤波器、优化设计等。 6. **应用范围**：明确指出哪些类型的电气设备需要遵循此标准，包括家用电器、工业设备、通信设备等。 7. **版权信息**：强调了标准的版权保护，未经许可，不得擅自复制或使用标准内容。此标准对于电气设备的设计者、制造商、电力系统运营商以及监管机构都具有重要意义，因为它确保了设备的电磁兼容性，提高了电网的整体性能。遵守IEC 61000-3-2标准可以帮助企业避免因谐波问题引发的技术故障和法律纠纷，同时也有助于保护环境，提高能源利用效率。

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IEC 61000-3-2:2014 © IEC 2014 – 11 –

– lighting devices built in equipment with another primary purpose such as photocopiers,

overhead projectors and slide projectors or employed for scale illuminating or indication

purposes;

– household appliances whose primary function is not for generating and/or regulating and/or

distributing optical radiation but which contain one or more lamps with or without separate

switch (e.g. a range hood with a built-in lamp);

– dimmers for incandescent lamps.

3.18

stand-by mode

sleep-mode

non-operational, low power consumption mode (usually indicated in some way on the

equipment) that can persist for an indefinite time

3.19

repeatability of results of measurements

closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of harmonic currents on the

same equipment under test, carried out with the same test system, at the same location, under

identical test conditions

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-394:2007, 394-40-38, modified

)

]

3.20

reproducibility of results of measurements

closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of harmonic currents on the

same equipment under test, carried out with different test systems under conditions of

measurement intended to be the same in each case

Note 1 to entry: The test system and test conditions are assumed to fulfil all normative requirements in the

standards.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-394:2007, 394-40-39, modified]

3.21

variability of results of measurements

closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of harmonic currents on

different samples of the same type of equipment under test, having no intentional differences,

carried out with different test systems under conditions of measurement intended to be the

same in each case

Note 1 to entry: The test system and test conditions are assumed to fulfil all normative requirements in the

standards.

Note 2 to entry: In the context of this standard, the meaning of the terms can be summarized as follows:

Term Meaning

Repeatability Same EUT, same test system, same test conditions, repeated tests

Reproducibility Same EUT, different but normative test systems, different but normative test conditions

Variability Different EUTs of the same type, having no intentional differences, different but normative

test systems, different but normative test conditions

___________

IEC 60050-394:2007, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 394: Nuclear instrumentation –

Instruments, systems, equipment and detectors

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– 12 – IEC 61000-3-2:2014 © IEC 2014

3.22

variable speed drive

VSD

equipment, based on power electronics, which enables the speed and/or torque of a motor to

be continuously controlled

4 General

The objective of this standard is to set limits for harmonic emissions of equipment within its

scope, so that, with due allowance for the emissions from other equipment, compliance with

the limits ensures that harmonic disturbance levels do not exceed the compatibility levels

defined in IEC 61000-2-2.

Professional equipment that does not comply with the requirements of this standard may be

permitted to be connected to certain types of low voltage supplies, if the instruction manual

contains a requirement to ask the supply utility for permission to connect. Recommendations

concerning this aspect are contained in IEC/TR 61000-3-4 or IEC 61000-3-12.

5 Classification of equipment

For the purpose of harmonic current limitation, equipment is classified as follows:

Class A:

– balanced three-phase equipment;

– household appliances, excluding equipment identified as Class D;

– tools, excluding portable tools;

– dimmers for incandescent lamps;

– audio equipment.

Equipment not specified in one of the three other classes shall be considered as Class A

equipment.

NOTE 1 Equipment that can be shown to have a significant effect on the supply system may be reclassified in a

future edition of the standard. Factors to be taken into account include:

– number of pieces of equipment in use;

– duration of use;

– simultaneity of use;

– power consumption;

– harmonic spectrum, including phase.

Class B:

– portable tools;

– arc welding equipment which is not professional equipment.

Class C:

– lighting equipment.

Class D:

Equipment having a specified power according to 6.2.2 less than or equal to 600 W, of the

following types:

– personal computers and personal computer monitors;

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IEC 61000-3-2:2014 © IEC 2014 – 13 –

– television receivers;

– refrigerators and freezers having one or more variable-speed drives to control compressor

motor(s).

NOTE 2 Class D limits are reserved for equipment that, by virtue of the factors listed in note 1, can be shown to

have a pronounced effect on the public electricity supply system.

6 General requirements

The following restrictions apply even to equipment to which no harmonic current limits apply as

defined in Clause 7.

The requirements and limits specified in this clause are applicable to the power input terminals

of equipment intended to be connected to 220/380 V, 230/400 V and 240/415 V systems

operating at 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Requirements and limits for other cases are not yet considered.

A simplified test method is permitted for equipment that undergoes minor changes or updates,

provided that, in previous full compliance tests, it has been shown to have current emissions

below 60 % of the applicable limits and the THD of the supply current is less than 15 %. The

simplified test method consists of verifying that the updated equipment has an active input

power within ±20 % of that of the originally tested product, and that the THD of the supply

current is less than 15 %. Products that fulfill these requirements are deemed to comply with

the applicable limits, but in case of doubt the result of a full compliance test according to

Clauses 6 and 7 takes precedence over this simplified method.

6.1 Control methods

Asymmetrical controls according to IEC 60050-161, 161-07-12 and half-wave rectification

directly on the mains supply may only be used in the following circumstances:

a) where they are the only practical solution permitting the detection of unsafe conditions, or

b) where the controlled active input power is less than or equal to 100 W, or

c) where the controlled appliance is a portable equipment fitted with a two-core flexible cord

and is intended for use for a short period of time, i.e. for a few minutes only.

If one of these three conditions is fulfilled, half-wave rectification may be used for any purpose,

whereas asymmetrical controls may only be used for the control of motors.

NOTE 1 Such equipment includes, but is not limited to, hair dryers, electrical kitchen appliances and portable

tools.

Symmetrical control methods which are prone to produce harmonics of low order (n ≤ 40) in the

input current may be used for the control of the power supplied to heating elements provided

that the full sine-wave input power is less than or equal to 200 W, or that the limits of Table 3

are not exceeded.

Such symmetrical control methods are also allowed for professional equipment provided that

either

a) one of the above conditions is fulfilled, or

b) the relevant limits are not exceeded when tested at the supply input terminals and in

addition both the following conditions are fulfilled:

1) it is necessary to control precisely the temperature of a heater whose thermal time

constant is less than 2 s, and

2) there is no other technique economically available.

Professional equipment whose primary purpose, considered as a whole, is not for heating, shall

be tested against the relevant limits.

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