北京明长城沿线景观生态风险评估与空间分析

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"北京明长城沿线景观生态风险评价 (2015年) - 自然科学 论文" 本文是关于北京明长城沿线景观生态风险的一篇科学研究,旨在深入理解该地区生态环境的脆弱性和潜在风险。研究选取了北京市长城普查数据和近期森林资源调查数据作为基础,采用2 km×2 km的网格系统进行采样,以此来细致评估明长城两侧3 km范围内的生态风险状况。 首先,研究中提到的景观生态风险指数是一种综合评价生态环境健康和稳定性的指标。通过对不同景观类型的分析,发现灌木林地占据了最大的比例(26.58%),然而,这一类型的生态风险也是最高的。无立木林地由于破碎度和分离度较高,显示出了较高的干扰程度和自然损失度,而农地斑块形状的复杂性则反映了农业活动对生态环境的影响。 此外,研究揭示了生态风险的分布具有明显的尺度效应,即风险程度在空间上的分布并非均匀,而是形成了一些高风险和低风险的聚集区。这些聚集区的存在表明生态风险具有显著的空间相关性。具体来说,高风险区域集中在北京的八达岭、黄花城、慕田峪、金山岭和司马台等著名长城段,这些区域可能由于旅游开发、人口密集和其他人类活动而面临更大的生态压力。 同时,生态风险的空间分布呈现出一种由怀柔东南部与密云接壤处为中心,向东西两侧逐渐降低的圈层结构特征。这种分布模式提示我们,中心区域的生态保护工作尤为重要,因为它们可能对周围区域产生辐射性影响。 总体来看,尽管研究区的风险等级主要为中等偏下,但高达21.09%的较高和最高等级风险区域不容忽视。这些高风险区域的识别对于未来制定生态保护政策和规划具有重要意义,可以为改善生态环境、预防生态灾难和可持续发展提供科学依据。 关键词涉及:明长城、景观类型、生态风险评价、空间分析。此研究对于理解人类活动与自然环境之间的相互作用,以及如何在保护历史文化遗产的同时维护生态环境平衡,提供了宝贵的数据和理论支持。

阅读下面材料,在空格处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或使用括号中单词的正确形式。 If including inter-state sections, those not protecting the northern border of China, the oldest _____56____(exist) section of the Great Wall of China was the Qi State "Great Wall". It stretches for over 500 kilometers (300 miles) from the Yellow River at Jinan eastwards to the East China Sea, almost ___57____(divide) Shandong Province in half. The "Great Wall" of the Qi State was ___58____(initial) built around 650 BC, and expended during the Warring States Period (475–221 BC). Before the Qi State Wall was built, natural barriers, i.e. rivers and mountain ranges, formed ____59_____ only defensible boundaries between territories as barriers ___60____ enemies. The State of Qi built its Great-Wall-esque military barrier along its southern border to prevent attacks from the State of Lu and the State of Chu. However, rapid development and ____61____(construct) have brought many new problems and challenges in protecting the wall. ____62____ is necessary to provide a solid legal guarantee for its conservation. To tackle the challenges, Shandong Province has passed a regulation protecting the structure____63____will take effect on Jan. 1. This year, Shandong has added 860 patrol posts in seven cities along the Qi wall, mainly recruiting farmers living nearby. Guo Jialian has been patrolling the section of the wall in Guangli village for three months. "I need to check ____64______ there is any damage to the wall that is caused by people digging earth from it. Awareness of protecting the Qi wall _____65_____ (enhance) in recent years. We all know the wall is a cultural relic," says Guo, adding that he frequently sees tourists coming to visit the ancient structure.

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