权威ANTLR指南：打造专业文本解析与自定义语言

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ANTLR指南（英文版）是一本备受推崇的权威参考书，它在解析器生成器领域占据了坚实的地位。作者深入浅出地讲解如何充分利用ANTLR这一工具，使之成为语言设计者、开发者乃至领域专家的必备手册。马丁·福勒，ThoughtWorks的首席科学家，高度评价这本书是ANTLR爱好者的书架上不可或缺的一份子。他认为ANTLR不再仅仅是专业语言设计师的专属，而是普及到了开发者群体，使得任何人都能利用它定制自己的领域专用语言，无论他们的编程背景如何。作为ANTLR的创始人，鲍勃·麦克沃特提道，随着职业生涯的发展，开发者会经历技术进阶，从精通单一语言到熟练运用多种编程语言，最后是根据任务需求定制语言。《ANTLR权威指南》揭示了一个事实：无需博士学位，任何人都可以开发自己的领域特定语言，而且这种实践往往非常有价值。对于那些希望提升职业层次，或者寻求创新解决方案的开发者来说，购买这本书将推动他们进入一个全新的语言设计和定制阶段。 Neal Gafter，一位经验丰富的Java布道者和编译器专家，特别赞赏这本书能够帮助读者理解ANTLR的强大之处，并学会如何将其应用于实际项目中，从而实现高效的语言定制和文本处理。《ANTLR guide》不仅提供了技术深度，还包含了实用的指导，让读者能够轻松掌握ANTLR语法定义和构建复杂的解析器系统。《ANTLR guide (English version)》是一本极具实用性和影响力的书籍，适合任何想要扩展语言技能、创建定制语言或者优化文本处理流程的IT专业人士。通过阅读本书，读者将掌握ANTLR的核心原理，学会如何设计高效、灵活的解析器，从而在实际工作中大放异彩。无论是初学者还是资深开发者，都将从中获益匪浅。

WHY A COMPLETELY NEW VERSION OF ANTLR? 16

You generate and recognize sentences by walking th eir implicit tree

structure, from the most abstract concept at the root to the vocabulary

symbols at the leaves. Each subtree represents a phrase of a sentence

and maps dir ect l y to a rule in your grammar. ANTLR’s grammars and

resulting top-down recursive-descent recognizers thus feel very nat-

ural. ANTLR’s fundamental approach dovetails your innat e language

process.

Why a Complete l y New Version of ANTL R?

For the past four years, I have been working feverishly to design and

build ANTLR v3, the subject of this book. ANTLR v3 is a completely

rewri tten version and represents the culmination of twenty year s of

language research. Most ANTLR users will instantly ﬁnd it familiar,

but many of the details are different. ANTLR retains its strong mojo

in this new version while correcting a n umber of deﬁciencies, quirks,

and weaknesses of ANTLR v2 (I felt free to break backward compatibil-

ity in order to achieve this). Speciﬁcally, I didn’t like the following about

v2:

• The v2 lexers were very slow albeit powerful.

• There were no unit tests for v2.

• The v2 code base was i mpenetrable. The code was never refactored

to clean it up, partially for fear of breaking it without unit tests.

• The l i near approximate LL(k) parsing strategy was a bit weak.

• Building a new language target duplicated vast swaths of logic and

print statements.

• The AST construction mechanism was too informal.

• A number of common tasks were not easy (such as obtaining the

text matched by a parser rule).

• It lacked the semantic predicates hoisting of ANTLR v1 ( PCCTS).

• The v2 license/contributor trail was loose and made big compa-

nies afraid to use it.

ANTLR v3 is my answer to the issues in v2. ANTLR v3 has a very clean

and well-organized code base with lots of unit tests. ANTLR generates

extremely powerful LL(*) recognizers that are fast and easy to read.

8. See http://www.antlr.org/blog/antlr3/antlr2.bashing.tml for notes on what people did not like

about v2. ANTLR v2 also suffered because it was designed and built while I was under

the workload and stress of a new start-up (jGuru.com).

WHO IS THIS BOOK FOR? 18

Who Is This Book For ?

The primary audience for this book is the practicing software developer,

though it is suitable for junior and senior computer science under-

graduates. This book is speciﬁcally targeted at any programmer inter-

ested in learning to use ANTLR to build interpreters and translators for

domain-speciﬁc languages. Beginners and experts alike will need this

book to use ANTLR v3 effectively. For the most part, the level of discus-

sion is accessible to the average programmer. Portions of Part III, how-

ever, require some language experience to fully appreciate. Although

the examples in this book are written in Java, their substance applies

equally well to the other language targets such as C, C++, Objective-C,

Python, C#, and so on. Readers should know Java to get the most out

of the book.

What’s in This Book?

This book is the best, most complete source of information on ANTLR

v3 th at you’ll ﬁnd anywhere. The free, online documentation provides

enough to learn the basic grammar syntax and semanti cs but doesn’t

explain ANTLR concepts in detail. This book helps you g et the most

out of ANTLR and is required reading to become an advanced user.

In particular, Part III provides the only thorough explanation available

anywhere of ANTLR’s LL(*) parsing strategy.

This book is organized as follows. Part I introduces ANTLR, describes

how the nature of computer languages dictates the nature of language

recognizers, and provides a complete calculator example. Part II is the

main reference section and provides all the details you’ll need to build

large and complex grammars and translators. Part III treks through

ANTLR’s predicated-LL(*) parsing strategy and explains the grammar

analysis errors you might encounter. Predicated-LL(*) is a totally new

parsing strategy, and Part III is essentially the only written documen-

tation you’ll ﬁnd for it. You’ll need to be familiar with the contents in

order to build complicated translators.

Readers who are totally new to grammars and language tools should

follow the chapter sequence in Part I as is. Chapter

1, Getting Started

with ANTLR, on page 21 wil l familiarize you with ANTLR’s basic idea;

Chapter

2, The Nature of Computer Languages, on page 34 gets you

ready to study grammars more formally in Part II; and Chapter

3, A

Quick Tour for the Impatient, on page 59 g i ves your brain something

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权威ANTLR指南：打造专业文本解析与自定义语言

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