Lua编程入门：第三版

需积分: 43 51 浏览量更新于2024-07-24 收藏 2.58MB PDF 举报

"Programming in Lua 第三版" 《Programming in Lua》是Roberto Ierusalimschy撰写的一本关于游戏领域脚本编程语言Lua的入门书籍，面向初学者，被誉为编程利器。这本书是第三版，英文版，适用于想要深入理解并掌握Lua编程的人群。 Lua是一种轻量级的、解释型的、动态类型的脚本语言，广泛应用于游戏开发、嵌入式系统、网络编程等多个领域。本书旨在详细解释Lua语言的核心概念和技术，包括语法、数据类型、控制结构、函数、表（Lua的动态数组和关联数组）以及元表等特性。书中的内容覆盖了以下主要知识点： 1. **基础语法**：介绍Lua的基本语句，如变量声明、赋值、操作符，以及流程控制结构，如条件语句（if...then...else...end）和循环（while, for）。 2. **数据类型**：Lua支持多种数据类型，包括数值（number）、字符串（string）、布尔（boolean）、nil、函数（function）和表（table）。书中详细讲解了每种类型的特点和用法。 3. **表与元表**：表是Lua的核心，既是数组也是关联数组。元表则是用于控制表行为的特殊结构，通过元表可以实现方法调用、弱引用等高级功能。 4. **函数与模块**：Lua中的函数可以作为一等公民，可以作为参数传递，也可以作为返回值。模块系统允许将代码组织成独立的单元，便于重用和封装。 5. **环境与垃圾收集**：Lua具有自动的垃圾收集机制，管理内存。书中会讨论如何正确处理对象生命周期和内存管理。 6. **错误处理与调试**：介绍如何在Lua中进行错误处理，以及如何利用调试工具进行程序调试。 7. **C语言接口**：Lua提供了一个C API，允许C/C++程序与Lua交互，将C函数注册到Lua环境中，或从Lua调用C函数。 8. **高级话题**：包括协程（coroutine）——轻量级的并发机制，以及元编程技术，如使用元方法和元表实现动态行为。通过阅读《Programming in Lua》第三版，读者可以系统地学习Lua语言，理解其设计哲学，从而在实际项目中有效利用Lua的灵活性和高性能。同时，作者对于错误和遗漏不负责任，读者应结合其他资源和实践来确保学习的准确性。本书适合所有对Lua感兴趣，无论是游戏开发者还是嵌入式系统工程师，都可以从中受益。

Nmap users tend to think of Lua as the language of the Nmap Scripting Engine;

players of World of Warcraft may regard Lua as a language exclusive to that

game.

Lua is useful also as a stand-alone language, not only for text-processing and

one-shot little programs, but increasingly for medium-to-large projects, too. For

such uses, the main functionality of Lua comes from libraries. The standard

libraries, for instance, offer basic pattern matching and other functions for

string handling. As Lua improves its support for libraries, there has been a

proliferation of external packages. Lua Rocks, a deployment and management

system for Lua modules, currently features more than 150 packages.

Finally, there are those programmers that work on the other side of the

bench, writing applications that use Lua as a C library. Those people will

program more in C than in Lua, although they need a good understanding of

Lua to create interfaces that are simple, easy to use, and well integrated with

the language.

This book has much to offer to all these people. The ﬁrst part covers the

language itself, showing how we can explore all its potential. We focus on

different language constructs and use numerous examples and exercises to show

how to use them for practical tasks. Some chapters in this part cover basic

concepts, such as control structures, while others cover topics more advanced,

such as iterators and coroutines.

The second part is entirely devoted to tables, the sole data structure in Lua.

Its chapters discuss data structures, persistence, packages, and object-oriented

programming. There we will unveil the real power of the language.

The third part presents the standard libraries. This part is particularly

useful for those that use Lua as a stand-alone language, although many other

applications also incorporate all or part of the standard libraries. This part

devotes one chapter to each standard library: the mathematical library, the

bitwise library, the table library, the string library, the I/O library, the operating

system library, and the debug library.

Finally, the last part of the book covers the API between Lua and C, for those

that use C to get the full power of Lua. The ﬂavor of this part is necessarily

quite different from the rest of the book. There, we will be programming in C,

not in Lua; therefore, we will be wearing a different hat. For some readers, the

discussion of the C API may be of marginal interest; for others, it may be the

most relevant part of this book.

About the Third Edition

This book is an updated and expanded version of the second edition of

Program-

ming in Lua

(also known as the

PiL 2 book

). Although the book structure is

virtually the same, this new edition has substantial new material.

First, I have updated the whole book to Lua 5.2. Of particular relevance is the

chapter about environments, which was mostly rewritten. I also rewrote several

examples to show how to beneﬁt from the new features offered by Lua 5.2.

xvi

Preface

Nevertheless, I clearly marked the differences from Lua 5.1, so you can use the

book for that version too.

Second, and more important, I have added exercises to all chapters of the

book. These exercises range from simple questions about the language to full

small-size projects. Several exercises illustrate important aspects of program-

ming in Lua and are as important as the examples to expand your toolbox of

useful techniques.

As we did with the ﬁrst and second editions of

Programming in Lua

, we self-

published this third edition. Despite the limited marketing, this avenue brings

several beneﬁts: we have total control over the book contents; we keep the full

rights to offer the book in other forms; we have freedom to choose when to release

another edition; and we can ensure that the book does not go out of print.

Other Resources

The reference manual is a must for anyone who wants to really learn a language.

This book does not replace the Lua reference manual. Quite the opposite, they

complement each other. The manual only describes Lua. It shows neither

examples nor a rationale for the constructs of the language. On the other hand,

it describes the whole language; this book skips over seldom-used dark corners of

Lua. Moreover, the manual is the authoritative document about Lua. Wherever

this book disagrees with the manual, trust the manual. To get the manual and

more information about Lua, visit the Lua site at

http://www.lua.org

You can also ﬁnd useful information at the Lua users’ site, kept by the

community of users at

http://lua-users.org

. Among other resources, it offers

a tutorial, a list of third-party packages and documentation, and an archive of

the ofﬁcial Lua mailing list.

This book describes Lua 5.2, although most of its contents also apply to

Lua 5.1 and Lua 5.0. The few differences between Lua 5.2 and older Lua 5

versions are clearly marked in the text. If you are using a more recent version

(released after the book), check the corresponding manual for occasional differ-

ences between versions. If you are using a version older than 5.2, this is a good

time to consider an upgrade.

A Few Typographical Conventions

The book encloses “

literal strings

” between double quotes and single charac-

ters, such as ‘

’, between single quotes. Strings that are used as patterns are

also enclosed between single quotes, like ‘

[%w_]*

’. The book uses a typewriter

font both for

chunksofcode

and for

identifiers

. For

reserved words

, it uses

a boldface font. Larger chunks of code are shown in display style:

-- program"Hello World"

print("HelloWorld") -->Hello World

The notation

-->

shows the output of a statement or, occasionally, the result of

an expression:

xvii

print(10) -->10

13+3 -->16

Because a double hyphen (

) starts a comment in Lua, there is no problem

if you include these annotations in your programs. Finally, the book uses the

notation

<-->

to indicate that something is equivalent to something else:

this <--> that

Running the Examples

You will need a Lua interpreter to run the examples in this book. Ideally, you

should use Lua 5.2, but most of the examples run also on Lua 5.1 without

modiﬁcations.

The Lua site (

http://www.lua.org

) keeps the source code for the interpreter.

If you have a C compiler and a working knowledge of how to compile C code

in your machine, you should try to install Lua from its source code; it is really

easy. The

Lua Binaries

site (search for

luabinaries

) offers precompiled Lua

interpreters for most major platforms. If you use Linux or another UNIX-like

system, you may check the repository of your distribution; several distributions

already offer a package with Lua. For Windows, a good option is

Lua for Win-

dows

(search for

luaforwindows

), which is a “batteries-included environment”

for Lua. It includes the interpreter and an integrated text editor, plus many

libraries.

If you are using Lua embedded in an application, such as WoW or Nmap,

you may need to refer to the application manual (or to a “local guru”) to learn

how to run your programs. Nevertheless, Lua is still the same language; most

things that we will see in this book are valid regardless of how you are using

Lua. Nevertheless, I recommend that you start your study of Lua using the

stand-alone interpreter to run your ﬁrst examples and experiments.

Acknowledgments

It is almost ten years since I published the ﬁrst edition of this book. Several

friends and institutions have helped me along this journey.

As always, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo and Waldemar Celes, Lua coauthors,

offered all kinds of help. André Carregal, Asko Kauppi, Brett Kapilik, Diego

Nehab, Edwin Moragas, Fernando Jefferson, Gavin Wraith, John D. Ramsdell,

and Norman Ramsey provided invaluable suggestions and useful insights for

diverse editions of this book.

Luiza Novaes, head of the Arts & Design Department at PUC-Rio, managed

to ﬁnd some time in her busy schedule to create an ideal cover for this edition.

Lightning Source, Inc. proved a reliable and efﬁcient option for printing and

distributing the book. Without them, the option of self-publishing the book

would not be an option.

剩余366页未读，继续阅读

oXiaoHuang123456

粉丝: 0
资源: 1

Lua编程入门：第三版

Programming in Lua Fourth edition

Programming in Lua Second Edition

Programming in Lua, Third Edition 2013.epub

Programming in Lua (Third Edition) - 精要指南

罗伯托·伊尔萨拉姆西奇《Programming in Lua 第三版》详解

游戏编程全接触 第三版 Game Coding Complete 3rd Edition

Lua编程第三版精华概览

Lua编程指南：深入解析与应用

探索Lua编程第三版：最新指南

Lua编程指南第三版：深入解析与应用

最新资源

游戏编程全接触第三版 Game Coding Complete 3rd Edition