PCIe 3.0协议详细解析:速度与规范升级

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PCIE3.0协议全称为PCI Express Revision 3.0,是PCI Express标准的一个重要版本,它在2010年11月发布,旨在提供更快的数据传输速度和更丰富的功能。该协议规范详细阐述了PCI Express(PCIe)的不同层次设计,包括物理层、链路层、事务层以及关键特性如电源管理、系统结构和软件初始化配置。 1. **物理层**:PCIE 3.0在物理层上实现了5.0 Gbps的数据传输速率,相较于前代有显著提升。这涉及到信号传输的电气特性、引脚配置、信号完整性等方面,确保高速数据传输的可靠性和稳定性。 2. **链路层**:链路层负责建立和维护PCIe连接,包括错误检测与纠正、流控制、定时同步等。3.0版引入了内部错误报告机制,提高了数据传输的错误处理能力,并支持多播通信,允许单个源同时向多个接收者发送数据。 3. **事务层**:事务层定义了数据传输的基本单位——事务,以及原子操作等高级功能,使得数据交换更为高效。新版本增加了可扩展的 BAR(Base Address Register)能力,允许设备动态分配内存资源,增强了灵活性。 4. **电源管理**:PCIE 3.0考虑到了系统的能耗问题,引入了动态功率分配策略,可以根据设备的实际需求动态调整供电,提高能源利用率。 5. **系统结构**:协议规范对系统架构进行了优化,如ID-based ordering机制,以确保数据包的正确顺序执行。同时,增加了延迟容忍度报告,允许设备更好地处理突发的延迟情况。 6. **软件初始化和配置**:软件开发者可以利用新版本提供的接口进行设备的初始化和配置,这包括扩展的TLP(Transaction Layer Protocol)处理提示和前缀,增强了软件对复杂交易的支持。 7. **附加错误校正与功能**:除了上述改动,还包括其他如路由ID解释、扩展的标签启用默认设置、TLP处理提示和前缀等,这些都进一步提升了数据传输的效率和可靠性。 PCIe 3.0协议规范是对原有标准的重大升级,不仅提升了数据传输速度,还引入了更多的功能特性,旨在满足不断增长的计算机系统对带宽和性能的需求。对于从事IT行业的人来说,理解和掌握这一协议对于设计高性能、低延迟的硬件平台至关重要。
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OBJECTIVE OF THE SPECIFICATION.................................................................................... 27 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION ................................................................................................ 27 DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS...................................................................................... 28 TERMS AND ACRONYMS........................................................................................................ 29 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS...................................................................................................... 36 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 37 1.1. A THIRD GENERATION I/O INTERCONNECT ................................................................... 37 1.2. PCI EXPRESS LINK......................................................................................................... 39 1.3. PCI EXPRESS FABRIC TOPOLOGY .................................................................................. 41 1.3.1. Root Complex........................................................................................................ 41 1.3.2. Endpoints .............................................................................................................. 42 1.3.3. Switch.................................................................................................................... 45 1.3.4. Root Complex Event Collector.............................................................................. 46 1.3.5. PCI Express to PCI/PCI-X Bridge........................................................................ 46 1.4. PCI EXPRESS FABRIC TOPOLOGY CONFIGURATION....................................................... 46 1.5. PCI EXPRESS LAYERING OVERVIEW.............................................................................. 47 1.5.1. Transaction Layer................................................................................................. 48 1.5.2. Data Link Layer .................................................................................................... 48 1.5.3. Physical Layer ...................................................................................................... 49 1.5.4. Layer Functions and Services............................................................................... 49 2. TRANSACTION LAYER SPECIFICATION ..................................................................... 53 2.1. TRANSACTION LAYER OVERVIEW.................................................................................. 53 2.1.1. Address Spaces, Transaction Types, and Usage................................................... 54 2.1.2. Packet Format Overview ...................................................................................... 56 2.2. TRANSACTION LAYER PROTOCOL - PACKET DEFINITION............................................... 58 2.2.1. Common Packet Header Fields ............................................................................ 58 2.2.2. TLPs with Data Payloads - Rules ......................................................................... 61 2.2.3. TLP Digest Rules .................................................................................................. 65 2.2.4. Routing and Addressing Rules .............................................................................. 65 2.2.5. First/Last DW Byte Enables Rules........................................................................ 69 2.2.6. Transaction Descriptor......................................................................................... 71 2.2.7. Memory, I/O, and Configuration Request Rules................................................... 77 2.2.8. Message Request Rules......................................................................................... 83 2.2.9. Completion Rules.................................................................................................. 97 2.2.10. TLP Prefix Rules ................................................................................................. 100 2.3. HANDLING OF RECEIVED TLPS.................................................................................... 104