C#编程基础与Visual Studio .NET IDE入门

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"这是一本关于C#编程的大学教程英文版，名为'CSharp_How_to_Program.pdf'，适合对C#感兴趣的学生或初学者。本书内容涵盖计算机基础、互联网、网页和C#语言的详细介绍，同时也涉及了软件开发环境Visual Studio .NET IDE的使用。" 在该书中，作者首先介绍了计算机的基础知识，包括计算机是什么，其内部结构以及操作系统的发展历程。从早期的个人计算到分布式计算和客户端/服务器架构，读者可以了解到计算机技术的历史和演变。此外，书中还阐述了机器语言、汇编语言和高级语言的概念，强调了C、C++、Visual Basic .NET和Java等编程语言的重要性，并特别提到了C#语言的特色和用途。 C#是微软公司推出的一种面向对象的编程语言，它在21世纪初作为.NET框架的一部分而诞生，旨在提供一种更现代、更安全的编程体验。书中详细讲解了C#的特点，以及与其他高级语言的对比，如C++和Java，帮助读者理解C#的独特之处。在硬件趋势部分，作者讨论了计算机硬件的发展，包括处理能力的提升和内存技术的进步。接着，书中深入探讨了互联网和万维网（World Wide Web）的历史，以及W3C（万维网联盟）的角色，强调了XML（可扩展标记语言）在数据交换中的重要性。此外，书中还引入了微软的.NET框架，解释了.NET框架与公共语言运行时（Common Language Runtime）的关系，这些都是理解C#开发环境的关键。第2章则专注于介绍Visual Studio .NET集成开发环境（IDE），它是编写C#代码的主要工具。作者详述了IDE的基本组成，包括菜单栏、工具栏以及各种窗口如解决方案资源管理器（Solution Explorer）的功能，为初学者提供了实用的指导，帮助他们快速上手C#编程。这本书是学习C#编程和理解相关技术生态的全面指南，不仅涵盖了编程语言本身，还包含了与其紧密相关的软件开发工具和网络技术。通过阅读，读者将能够建立起扎实的C#编程基础，并了解如何利用Visual Studio .NET进行高效开发。

Illustrations XXIII

8.11 this reference used implicitly and explicitly to enable an object to

manipulate its own data and invoke its own methods. (Part 1 of 2) 310

8.12 this reference demonstration. 311

8.13 static members are accessible to all objects of a class. 314

8.14 static member demonstration. 315

8.15 const and readonly class member demonstration. 318

8.16 Indexers provide subscripted access to an object’s members. 320

8.17 Assembly TimeLibrary contains class Time3.329

8.18 Simple Class Library. 332

8.19 Assembly TimeLibrary used from class AssemblyTest.333

8.20 Class View of class Time1 (Fig. 8.1) and class TimeTest (Fig. 8.2). 334

8.21 Object Browser when user selects Object from Time1.cs.335

9 Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance

9.1 Inheritance examples. 345

9.2 Inheritance hierarchy for university CommunityMembers. 346

9.3 Portion of a Shape class hierarchy. 347

9.4 Point class represents an x-y coordinate pair. 348

9.5 PointTest class demonstrates class Point functionality. 350

9.6 Circle class contains an x-y coordinate and a radius. 351

9.7 CircleTest demonstrates class Circle functionality. 354

9.8 Circle2 class that inherits from class Point.355

9.9 Point2 class represents an x-y coordinate pair as protected data. 357

9.10 Circle3 class that inherits from class Point2.359

9.11 CircleTest3 demonstrates class Circle3 functionality. 360

9.12 Point3 class uses properties to manipulate its private data. 362

9.13 Circle4 class that inherits from class Point3, which does not

provide protected data. 364

9.14 CircleTest4 demonstrates class Circle4 functionality. 366

9.15 Cylinder class inherits from class Circle4 and overrides

method Area.368

9.16 Testing class Cylinder.370

9.17 Point4 base class contains constructors and finalizer. 372

9.18 Circle5 class inherits from class Point3 and overrides a

finalizer method. 374

9.19 Order in which constructors and destructors are called. 376

10 Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism

10.1 Point class represents an x-y coordinate pair. 384

10.2 Circle class that inherits from class Point.385

10.3 Assigning derived-class references to base-class references. 387

10.4 Abstract Shape base class. 394

10.5 Point2 class inherits from abstract class Shape.395

10.6 Circle2 class that inherits from class Point2.397

10.7 Cylinder2 class inherits from class Circle2.398

10.8 AbstractShapesTest demonstrates polymorphism in

Point-Circle-Cylinder hierarchy. 400

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XXIV Illustrations

10.9 abstract class Employee definition. 404

10.10 Boss class inherits from class Employee.405

10.11 CommissionWorker class inherits from class Employee.406

10.12 PieceWorker class inherits from class Employee.408

10.13 HourlyWorker class inherits from class Employee .410

10.14 EmployeesTest class tests the Employee class hierarchy. 412

10.15 Interface for returning age of objects of disparate classes. 415

10.16 Person class implements IAge interface. 415

10.17 Tree class implements IAge interface. 416

10.18 Demonstrate polymorphism on objects of disparate classes. 417

10.19 IShape interface provides methods Area and Volume and

property Name.419

10.20 Point3 class implements interface IShape.420

10.21 Circle3 class inherits from class Point3.421

10.22 Cylinder3 class inherits from class Circle3.423

10.23 Interfaces2Test uses interfaces to demonstrate polymorphism

in Point-Circle-Cylinder hierarchy. 424

10.24 Bubble sort using delegates. 426

10.25 Bubble-sort Form application. 427

10.26 Overloading operators for complex numbers. 430

10.27 Using operator overloading. 433

11 Exception Handling

11.1 Exception handlers for FormatException and

DivideByZeroException.443

11.2 Demonstrating that finally blocks always execute regardless of

whether or not an exception occurs. 452

11.3 Exception properties and stack unwinding. 458

11.4 ApplicationException subclass thrown when a program

performs illegal operations on negative numbers. 463

11.5 SquareRootTest class thrown an exception if error occurs

when calculating the square root. 464

11.6 Operators checked and unchecked and the handling of

arithmetic overflow. 467

12 Graphical User Interface Concepts: Part 1

12.1 Sample Internet Explorer window with GUI components. 476

12.2 Some basic GUI components. 476

12.3 Components and controls for Windows Forms. 477

12.4 Common Form properties and events. 478

12.5 Event-handling model using delegates. 479

12.6 Events section of the Properties window. 480

12.7 Simple event-handling example using visual programming. 481

12.8 List of Form events. 482

12.9 Details of Click event. 483

12.10 Class Control properties and methods. 485

12.11 Anchoring demonstration. 486

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Illustrations XXV

12.12 Manipulating the Anchor property of a control. 487

12.13 Docking demonstration. 487

12.14 Class Control layout properties. 487

12.15 Label properties. 489

12.16 TextBox properties and events. (Part 1 of 2) 489

12.17 Button properties and events. 490

12.18 Program to display hidden text in a password box. 490

12.19 GroupBox properties. 495

12.20 Panel properties. 495

12.21 Creating a Panel with scrollbars. 496

12.22 Using GroupBoxes and Panels to arrange Buttons. 496

12.23 CheckBox properties and events. 498

12.24 Using CheckBoxes to change font styles. 499

12.25 RadioButton properties and events. 502

12.26 Using RadioButtons to set message-window options. 502

12.27 PictureBox properties and events. 507

12.28 Using a PictureBox to display images. 507

12.29 Mouse events, delegates and event arguments. 509

12.30 Using the mouse to draw on a form. 510

12.31 Keyboard events, delegates and event arguments. 512

12.32 Demonstrating keyboard events . 513

12.33 GUI for Exercise 12.4. 519

12.34 GUI for Exercise 12.5. 519

12.35 GUI for Exercise 12.6. 519

13 Graphical User Interfaces Concepts: Part 2

13.1 Expanded and checked menus. 522

13.2 Visual Studio .NET Menu Designer.523

13.3 MainMenu and MenuItem properties and events. 524

13.4 Menus for changing text font and color. 525

13.5 LinkLabel control in the design phase and in running program. 531

13.6 LinkLabel properties and events. 531

13.7 LinkLabels used to link to a folder, a Web page and an application. 532

13.8 ListBox and CheckedListBox on a form. 535

13.9 ListBox properties, methods and events. 535

13.10 String Collection Editor.537

13.11 ListBox used in a program to add, remove and clear items. 537

13.12 CheckedListBox properties, methods and events. 540

13.13 CheckedListBox and ListBox used in a program to display a

user selection. 541

13.14 ComboBox demonstration. 543

13.15 ComboBox properties and events. 543

13.16 ComboBox used to draw a selected shape. 544

13.17 TreeView displaying a sample tree. 548

13.18 TreeView properties and events. 548

13.19 TreeNode properties and methods. 549

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XXVI Illustrations

13.20 TreeNode Editor.550

13.21 TreeView used to display directories. 550

13.22 ListView properties and events. 554

13.23 Image Collection Editor window for an ImageList component. 555

13.24 ListView displaying files and folders. 555

13.25 Tabbed pages in Visual Studio .NET. 560

13.26 TabControl with TabPages example. 561

13.27 TabPages added to a TabControl.561

13.28 TabControl properties and events. 561

13.29 TabControl used to display various font settings. 562

13.30 MDI parent window and MDI child windows. 566

13.31 SDI and MDI forms. 566

13.32 MDI parent and MDI child events and properties. 567

13.33 Minimized and maximized child windows. 568

13.34 MenuItem property MdiList example. 569

13.35 LayoutMdi enumeration values. 570

13.36 MDI parent-window class. 571

13.37 Child class for MDI demonstration. 574

13.38 Class FrmInheritance, which inherits from class Form, contains

a button (Learn More). 575

13.39 Visual Inheritance through the Form Designer. 577

13.40 Class FrmVisualTest, which inherits from class

VisualForm.FrmInheritance, contains an additional button. 577

13.41 Custom control creation. 579

13.42 Programmer-defined control that displays the current time. 580

13.43 Custom-control creation. 582

13.44 Project properties dialog. 582

13.45 Custom control added to the ToolBox.582

13.46 Custom control added to a Form.583

14 Multithreading

14.1 Thread life cycle. 593

14.2 Thread-priority scheduling. 596

14.3 Threads sleeping and printing. 596

14.4 Producer and consumer threads accessing a shared object without

synchronization. 602

14.5 Producer and consumer threads accessing a shared object with

synchronization. 607

14.6 Producer and consumer threads accessing a circular buffer. 617

15 Strings, Characters and Regular Expressions

15.1 String constructors. 635

15.2 String indexer, Length properties and CopyTo method. 636

15.3 String test to determine equality. 639

15.4 StartsWith and EndsWith methods. 641

15.5 GetHashCode method demonstration. 642

15.6 Searching for characters and substrings in strings. 643

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Illustrations XXVII

15.7 Substrings generated from strings. 646

15.8 Concat static method. 648

15.9 String methods Replace, ToLower, ToUpper, Trim and ToString.649

15.10 StringBuilder class constructors. 651

15.11 StringBuilder size manipulation. 653

15.12 Append methods of StringBuilder.655

15.13 StringBuilder’s AppendFormat method. 656

15.14 StringBuilder text insertion and removal. 658

15.15 StringBuilder text replacement. 659

15.16 Char’s static character-testing methods and case-conversion methods. 661

15.17 Card class. 664

15.18 Card dealing and shuffling simulation. 665

15.19 Character classes. 669

15.20 Regular expressions checking birthdays. 669

15.21 Quantifiers used regular expressions. 672

15.22 Validating user information using regular expressions. 672

15.23 Regex methods Replace and Split.677

16 Graphics and Multimedia

16.1 System.Drawing namespace’s classes and structures. 686

16.2 GDI+ coordinate system. Units are measured in pixels. 687

16.3 Color structure static constants and their RGB values. 689

16.4 Color structure members . 689

16.5 Classes that derive from class Brush.690

16.6 Color value and alpha demonstration. 690

16.7 ColorDialog used to change background and text color. 693

16.8 Font class read-only properties. 696

16.9 Fonts and FontStyles. 697

16.10 An illustration of font metrics. 699

16.11 FontFamily methods that return font-metric information. 699

16.12 FontFamily class used to obtain font-metric information. 699

16.13 Graphics methods that draw lines, rectangles and ovals. 702

16.14 Demonstration of methods that draw lines, rectangles and ellipses. 702

16.15 Ellipse bounded by a rectangle. 704

16.16 Positive and negative arc angles. 705

16.17 Graphics methods for drawing arcs. 705

16.18 Arc-method demonstration. 705

16.19 Graphics methods for drawing polygons. 708

16.20 Polygon-drawing demonstration. 708

16.21 Shapes drawn on a form. 712

16.22 Paths used to draw stars on a form. 715

16.23 Image resizing. 718

16.24 Animation of a series of images. 720

16.25 Container class for chess pieces. 723

16.26 Chess-game code. 725

16.27 Windows Media Player demonstration. 733

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