iOS开发入门：探索iPhone, iPad, iPod touch应用创建 - CSDN文库

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"这是一本全英文的iPhone4开发入门指南，涵盖了iPad和iPod touch的开发，主要介绍如何使用iOS SDK创建应用程序。作者包括Dave Mark、Jack Nutting和Jeff LaMarche，书中详细讲解了iOS 4 SDK的新特性，旨在帮助初学者理解iOS应用的工作原理和构建过程。通过一系列小型应用的开发实例，读者将逐步掌握iOS平台的特定功能和交互方式。" 在《 Beginning iPhone 4 Development: Exploring the iOS SDK》这本书中，作者们深入浅出地介绍了iPhone、iPad以及iPod touch应用开发的基础知识。首先，书中强调了iOS作为移动平台的吸引力，特别是由于苹果提供了优雅且文档丰富的开发工具，使得iOS成为开发者热衷的平台。随着iOS 4 SDK的发布，开发环境得到了进一步优化。本书旨在为初学者提供一个起点，帮助他们克服学习曲线，理解iOS应用的工作机制。书中不仅涵盖了基础的编程概念，如Objective-C语言和Xcode集成开发环境（IDE）的使用，还详细讲解了用户界面（UI）控件的使用，这是iOS应用开发中的重要组成部分。例如，你会学到如何使用UIKit框架来创建和管理视图（views）、控制器（controllers）以及各种UI元素，如按钮（UIButton）、文本字段（UITextField）和滚动视图（UIScrollView）等。此外，书中会通过一系列的小型项目实践，引导读者逐步掌握iOS特有的功能，如多任务处理、本地数据存储、网络通信、动画效果以及使用Core Data进行数据管理等。这些项目将涵盖从简单的“Hello, World!”程序到更复杂的交互式应用，以此来提升读者的实战能力。为了帮助开发者更好地理解和调试代码，书中还会讨论iOS模拟器和真机测试的重要性，以及如何使用Xcode的调试工具。同时，也会涉及应用发布流程，包括App Store的提交指南和审核标准。《 Beginning iPhone 4 Development》是一本全面而实用的教程，无论你是对iOS开发感兴趣的初学者，还是希望扩展技能的专业开发者，都能从中受益。通过阅读和实践，你可以获得开发出色iOS应用所需的知识和技巧，开启你的iOS开发之旅。

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

15

Figure 2–1. The Xcode welcome window. Note that if this is the first time you are running Xcode, there will be no

recent projects. This will change as you make your way through the book.

NOTE: If you have an iOS device connected to your machine, you might see a message when you

first launch Xcode asking whether you want to use that device for development. Alternatively, a

window titled Organizer, designed to list the devices you’ll be working with, might appear. For

now, click the Ignore button or, in the case of the Organizer window, close the window. If you

choose to join the paid iOS Developer Program, you will gain access to a program portal that will

tell you how to use your iOS device for development and testing.

Create a new project by selecting File ➤ New Project..., or by pressing N, which will

bring up the New Project assistant (see Figure 2–2). The pane on the left side of the

sheet is divided into two main sections: iOS and Mac OS X.

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

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Your project window features a toolbar across the top, which gives you ready access to

a lot of commonly used commands. Below the toolbar, the window is divided into three

main sections, or panes.

The pane that runs down the left side of the window is called the Groups & Files pane.

All of the resources that make up your project are grouped here, as are a number of

relevant project settings. Just as in the Finder, clicking the little triangle to the left of an

item expands that item to show available subitems. Click the triangle again to hide the

subitems.

The top-right pane is called the Detail View (or just Detail pane) and shows you detailed

information about items selected in the Groups & Files pane. The lower-right pane is

called the Editor pane. If you select a single file in either the Groups & Files or Detail

pane and Xcode knows how to display that kind of file, the contents of the file will be

displayed in the Editor pane. Editable files, such as source code, can also be edited

here. In fact, this is where you will be writing and editing your application’s source code.

Now that we have the terminology out of the way, take a look at the Groups & Files

pane. The first item in the list should bear the same name as your project, in this case,

Hello World. This item is the gathering point for the source code and the other resources

specific to your project. For the time being, don’t worry about the items in the Groups &

Files pane except those under Hello World.

Take a look at Figure 2–4. Note that the disclosure triangle to the left of Hello World is

open, and there are five subfolders: Classes, Other Sources, Resources, Frameworks,

and Products. Let’s briefly talk about what each subfolder is used for:

 Classes is where you will spend much of your time. This is where most

of the code that you write will go, since this is where all Objective-C

classes rightfully belong. You are free to create subfolders under the

Classes folder to help organize your code. We’ll be using this folder

starting in the next chapter.

 Other Sources contains source code files that aren’t Objective-C

classes. Typically, you won’t spend a lot of time in the Other Sources

folder. When you create a new iPhone application project, there are

two files in this folder:



Hello_World_Prefix.pch: The extension .pch stands for

“precompiled header.” This is a list of header files from external

frameworks that are used by our project. Xcode will precompile

the headers contained in this file, which will reduce the amount

of time it takes to compile your project whenever you select Build

or Build and Go. It will be a while before you have to worry about

this, because the most commonly used header files are already

included for you.

 main.m: This is where your application’s main() function is. You

normally won’t need to edit or change this file.

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

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 Resources contains noncode files that will be included as part of your

application. This is where you will include files such as your

application’s icon image and other images, sound files, movie files,

text files, or property lists that your program may need while it’s

running. Remember, since your application runs in its own sandbox,

you will have to include any files you need here, because you won’t be

able to access files located elsewhere on the iPhone except through

sanctioned APIs, such as the ones that provide access to the iPhone’s

photo library and address book. There should be three items in this

folder:

 Hello_WorldViewController.xib: This file contains information

used by the program Interface Builder, which we’ll take for a spin

a bit later in this chapter.

 MainWindow.xib: This is your application’s main Interface Builder

(or “nib”) file. In a simple application like the one we’re building in

this chapter, there’s often no need to touch this file. In later

chapters, when we design more complex interfaces, we will work

with this file and look at it in more depth.

 Hello_World-Info.plist: This is a property list that contains

information about our application. We’ll look at this file a little bit

later in the chapter too.

 Frameworks are a special kind of library that can contain code as well

as resources such as image and sound files. Any framework or library

that you add to this folder will be linked in to your application, and your

code will be able to use objects, functions, and resources contained in

that framework or library. The most commonly needed frameworks

and libraries are linked in to our project by default, so most of the time,

we will not need to do anything with this folder. Less commonly used

libraries and frameworks, however, are not included by default, and

you will see how to link to them into an application later in this book.

 Products contains the application that this project produces when it is

compiled. If you expand Products, you’ll see an item called Hello

World.app. This is the application that this particular project creates.

Hello World.app is this project’s only product. Right now, Hello

World.app is listed in red, which means that the file cannot be found,

which makes sense, since we haven’t compiled our project yet!

Highlighting a file’s name in red is Xcode’s way of telling us that it

can’t find the underlying physical file.

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