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首页IEEE 802.1AX-2014标准:时间敏感网络的链路聚合详解
IEEE 802.1AX-2014标准:时间敏感网络的链路聚合详解
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IEEE Std 802.1AX-2014,正式名称为“IEEE标准802.1AX-2014(时间敏感网络链路聚合)”,是由IEEE LAN/MAN标准委员会赞助,针对本地和城域网络制定的一份标准。该标准修订自其前一版本IEEE Std 802.1AX-2008,旨在增强网络的性能、可靠性和效率,特别关注时间敏感型网络的应用需求。
该标准主要关注链路聚合技术,也被称为多链路捆绑或负载均衡,其目的是通过将多个物理链路组合成一个逻辑链路,从而提高数据传输速率,增强网络的可用性,并且能够处理突发流量,确保关键业务的低延迟和高服务质量。802.1AX引入了诸如流量整形(Traffic Shaping)、链路聚合控制协议(LACP, Link Aggregation Control Protocol)以及基于优先级的负载均衡等功能,使得网络管理员可以根据应用程序的需求动态调整带宽分配和链路选择。
LACP是802.1AX的核心组成部分,它允许设备自动协商并管理多个物理接口之间的连接,以实现链路冗余和故障切换。在802.1AX中,LACP支持快速生成树协议(Fast Forwarding Trees, FFF)来优化路径选择,确保数据包能迅速到达目的地,而不会因链路故障而阻塞。
此外,该标准还特别强调了对时间敏感网络(如VoIP, Video Conferencing, Industrial Control Systems等)的支持,通过提供低时延路径和优先级机制,确保这些应用所需的即时通信不受影响。为了实现这一点,802.1AX定义了新的服务质量类别(Quality of Service Classes),使得网络可以更好地为不同类型的流量提供保障。
IEEE Std 802.1AX-2014于2014年12月10日获得批准,由IEEE Standards Board授权使用。然而,由于文档引用的限制,这份标准可能只对特定机构(如重庆邮电大学)开放,且下载自IEEE Explore时有限制条件。
IEEE Std 802.1AX-2014是一个重要的技术规范,对于提升现代网络的灵活性、可靠性和性能具有深远影响,是数据中心、企业网络和关键业务应用场景中不可或缺的组成部分。
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7.2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 91
7.2.2 Overview of managed objects................................................................................ 92
7.2.2.1 Text description of managed objects ..................................................... 92
7.2.3 Containment........................................................................................................... 93
7.2.4 Naming................................................................................................................... 93
7.2.5 Capabilities ............................................................................................................ 94
7.3 Management for Link Aggregation ....................................................................................... 98
7.3.1 Aggregator managed object class .......................................................................... 98
7.3.1.1 Aggregator attributes ............................................................................. 99
7.3.1.1.1 aAggID ........................................................................... 99
7.3.1.1.2 aAggDescription............................................................. 99
7.3.1.1.3 aAggName .................................................................... 100
7.3.1.1.4 aAggActorSystemID .................................................... 100
7.3.1.1.5 aAggActorSystemPriority ............................................ 100
7.3.1.1.6 aAggAggregateOrIndividual ........................................ 100
7.3.1.1.7 aAggActorAdminKey................................................... 100
7.3.1.1.8 aAggActorOperKey...................................................... 101
7.3.1.1.9 aAggMACAddress ....................................................... 101
7.3.1.1.10 aAggPartnerSystemID .................................................. 101
7.3.1.1.11 aAggPartnerSystemPriority .......................................... 101
7.3.1.1.12 aAggPartnerOperKey ................................................... 102
7.3.1.1.13 aAggAdminState .......................................................... 102
7.3.1.1.14 aAggOperState.............................................................. 102
7.3.1.1.15 aAggTimeOfLastOperChange...................................... 102
7.3.1.1.16 aAggDataRate............................................................... 103
7.3.1.1.17 aAggOctetsTxOK ......................................................... 103
7.3.1.1.18 aAggOctetsRxOK......................................................... 103
7.3.1.1.19 aAggFramesTxOK........................................................ 103
7.3.1.1.20 aAggFramesRxOK ....................................................... 104
7.3.1.1.21 aAggMulticastFramesTxOK ........................................ 104
7.3.1.1.22 aAggMulticastFramesRxOK ........................................ 104
7.3.1.1.23 aAggBroadcastFramesTxOK........................................ 104
7.3.1.1.24 aAggBroadcastFramesRxOK ....................................... 105
7.3.1.1.25 aAggFramesDiscardedOnTx ........................................ 105
7.3.1.1.26 aAggFramesDiscardedOnRx ........................................ 105
7.3.1.1.27 aAggFramesWithTxErrors ........................................... 105
7.3.1.1.28 aAggFramesWithRxErrors ........................................... 106
7.3.1.1.29 aAggUnknownProtocolFrames .................................... 106
7.3.1.1.30 aAggPortList................................................................. 106
7.3.1.1.31 aAggLinkUpDownNotificationEnable......................... 106
7.3.1.1.32 aAggCollectorMaxDelay.............................................. 106
7.3.1.1.33 aAggPortAlgorithm ...................................................... 107
7.3.1.1.34 aAggPartnerAdminPortAlgorithm................................ 107
7.3.1.1.35 aAggConversationAdminLink[]................................... 107
7.3.1.1.36 aAggPartnerAdminPortConversationListDigest .......... 107
7.3.1.1.37 aAggAdminDiscardWrongConversation...................... 108
7.3.1.1.38 aAggAdminServiceConversationMap[] ....................... 108
7.3.1.1.39 aAggPartnerAdminConvServiceMappingDigest ......... 108
7.3.1.2 Aggregator Notifications ..................................................................... 108
7.3.1.2.1 nAggLinkUpNotification.............................................. 108
7.3.1.2.2 nAggLinkDownNotification......................................... 109
7.3.2 Aggregation Port managed object class............................................................... 109
7.3.2.1 Aggregation Port Attributes................................................................. 109
7.3.2.1.1 aAggPortID................................................................... 109
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7.3.2.1.2 aAggPortActorSystemPriority...................................... 109
7.3.2.1.3 aAggPortActorSystemID.............................................. 109
7.3.2.1.4 aAggPortActorAdminKey ............................................ 110
7.3.2.1.5 aAggPortActorOperKey ............................................... 110
7.3.2.1.6 aAggPortPartnerAdminSystemPriority ........................ 110
7.3.2.1.7 aAggPortPartnerOperSystemPriority ........................... 110
7.3.2.1.8 aAggPortPartnerAdminSystemID ................................ 110
7.3.2.1.9 aAggPortPartnerOperSystemID ................................... 111
7.3.2.1.10 aAggPortPartnerAdminKey.......................................... 111
7.3.2.1.11 aAggPortPartnerOperKey............................................. 111
7.3.2.1.12 aAggPortSelectedAggID .............................................. 111
7.3.2.1.13 aAggPortAttachedAggID ............................................. 111
7.3.2.1.14 aAggPortActorPort ....................................................... 112
7.3.2.1.15 aAggPortActorPortPriority........................................... 112
7.3.2.1.16 aAggPortPartnerAdminPort.......................................... 112
7.3.2.1.17 aAggPortPartnerOperPort............................................. 112
7.3.2.1.18 aAggPortPartnerAdminPortPriority ............................. 112
7.3.2.1.19 aAggPortPartnerOperPortPriority ................................ 113
7.3.2.1.20 aAggPortActorAdminState........................................... 113
7.3.2.1.21 aAggPortActorOperState.............................................. 113
7.3.2.1.22 aAggPortPartnerAdminState ........................................ 113
7.3.2.1.23 aAggPortPartnerOperState ........................................... 114
7.3.2.1.24 aAggPortAggregateOrIndividual.................................. 114
7.3.2.1.25 aAggPortOperConversationPasses ............................... 114
7.3.2.1.26 aAggPortOperConversationCollected .......................... 114
7.3.2.1.27 aAggPortLinkNumberID .............................................. 114
7.3.2.1.28 aAggPortPartnerAdminLinkNumberID ....................... 115
7.3.2.1.29 aAggPortWTRTime...................................................... 115
7.3.2.2 Aggregation Port Extension Attributes................................................ 115
7.3.2.2.1 aAggPortProtocolDA.................................................... 115
7.3.3 Aggregation Port Statistics managed object class ............................................... 115
7.3.3.1 Aggregation Port Statistics attributes .................................................. 116
7.3.3.1.1 aAggPortStatsID........................................................... 116
7.3.3.1.2 aAggPortStatsLACPDUsRx ......................................... 116
7.3.3.1.3 aAggPortStatsMarkerPDUsRx ..................................... 116
7.3.3.1.4 aAggPortStatsMarkerResponsePDUsRx...................... 116
7.3.3.1.5 aAggPortStatsUnknownRx........................................... 116
7.3.3.1.6 aAggPortStatsIllegalRx ................................................ 117
7.3.3.1.7 aAggPortStatsLACPDUsTx ......................................... 117
7.3.3.1.8 aAggPortStatsMarkerPDUsTx ..................................... 117
7.3.3.1.9 aAggPortStatsMarkerResponsePDUsTx ...................... 117
7.3.4 Aggregation Port Debug Information managed object class ............................... 117
7.3.4.1 Aggregation Port Debug Information attributes .................................. 117
7.3.4.1.1 aAggPortDebugInformationID..................................... 117
7.3.4.1.2 aAggPortDebugRxState................................................ 118
7.3.4.1.3 aAggPortDebugLastRxTime ........................................ 118
7.3.4.1.4 aAggPortDebugMuxState............................................. 118
7.3.4.1.5 aAggPortDebugMuxReason......................................... 119
7.3.4.1.6 aAggPortDebugActorChurnState ................................. 119
7.3.4.1.7 aAggPortDebugPartnerChurnState............................... 119
7.3.4.1.8 aAggPortDebugActorChurnCount ............................... 119
7.3.4.1.9 aAggPortDebugPartnerChurnCount............................. 120
7.3.4.1.10 aAggPortDebugActorSyncTransitionCount................. 120
7.3.4.1.11 aAggPortDebugPartnerSyncTransitionCount .............. 120
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7.3.4.1.12 aAggPortDebugActorChangeCount ............................. 120
7.3.4.1.13 aAggPortDebugPartnerChangeCount........................... 120
7.3.4.1.14 aAggPortDebugActorCDSChurnState ......................... 120
7.3.4.1.15 aAggPortDebugPartnerCDSChurnState ....................... 121
7.3.4.1.16 aAggPortDebugActorCDSChurnCount........................ 121
7.3.4.1.17 aAggPortDebugPartnerCDSChurnCount ..................... 121
7.4 Management for Distributed Resilient Network Interconnect............................................. 121
7.4.1 Distributed Relay Managed Object Class............................................................ 121
7.4.1.1 Distributed Relay Attributes ................................................................ 122
7.4.1.1.1 aDrniID......................................................................... 122
7.4.1.1.2 aDrniDescription .......................................................... 122
7.4.1.1.3 aDrniName.................................................................... 122
7.4.1.1.4 aDrniPortalAddr ........................................................... 122
7.4.1.1.5 aDrniPortalPriority ....................................................... 122
7.4.1.1.6 aDrniThreePortalSystem .............................................. 123
7.4.1.1.7 aDrniPortalSystemNumber........................................... 123
7.4.1.1.8 aDrniIntraPortalLinkList .............................................. 123
7.4.1.1.9 aDrniAggregator........................................................... 123
7.4.1.1.10 aDrniConvAdminGateway[] ........................................ 123
7.4.1.1.11 aDrniNeighborAdminConvGatewayListDigest ........... 124
7.4.1.1.12 aDrniNeighborAdminConvPortListDigest................... 124
7.4.1.1.13 aDrniGatewayAlgorithm .............................................. 124
7.4.1.1.14 aDrniNeighborAdminGatewayAlgorithm .................... 124
7.4.1.1.15 aDrniNeighborAdminPortAlgorithm............................ 125
7.4.1.1.16 aDrniNeighborAdminDRCPState ................................ 125
7.4.1.1.17 aDrniEncapsulationMethod .......................................... 125
7.4.1.1.18 aDrniIPLEncapMap...................................................... 125
7.4.1.1.19 aDrniNetEncapMap ...................................................... 126
7.4.1.1.20 aDrniDRPortConversationPasses ................................. 126
7.4.1.1.21 aDrniDRGatewayConversationPasses.......................... 126
7.4.1.1.22 aDrniPSI ....................................................................... 126
7.4.1.1.23 aDrniPortConversationControl..................................... 127
7.4.1.1.24 aDrniIntraPortalPortProtocolDA .................................. 127
7.4.2 IPP Managed Objects Class................................................................................. 127
7.4.2.1 IPP Attributes....................................................................................... 127
7.4.2.1.1 aIPPID .......................................................................... 127
7.4.2.1.2 aIPPPortConversationPasses ........................................ 127
7.4.2.1.3 aIPPGatewayConversationDirection ............................ 128
7.4.2.1.4 aIPPAdminState............................................................ 128
7.4.2.1.5 aIPPOperState............................................................... 128
7.4.2.1.6 aIPPTimeOfLastOperChange....................................... 128
7.4.3 IPP Statistics managed object class ..................................................................... 129
7.4.3.1 IPP Statistics attributes ........................................................................ 129
7.4.3.1.1 aIPPStatsID................................................................... 129
7.4.3.1.2 aIPPStatsDRCPDUsRx ................................................ 129
7.4.3.1.3 aIPPStatsIllegalRx ........................................................ 129
7.4.3.1.4 aIPPStatsDRCPDUsTx................................................. 129
7.4.4 IPP Debug Information managed object class ..................................................... 129
7.4.4.1 IPP Debug Information attributes ........................................................ 130
7.4.4.1.1 aIPPDebugInformationID............................................. 130
7.4.4.1.2 aIPPDebugDRCPRxState............................................. 130
7.4.4.1.3 aIPPDebugLastRxTime ................................................ 130
7.4.4.1.4 aIPPDebugDifferPortalReason..................................... 130
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Copyright © 2014 IEEE. All rights reserved.
8. Frame distribution and collection algorithms ..................................................................................131
8.1 Conversation Identifiers....................................................................................................... 131
8.2 Per-service frame distribution.............................................................................................. 131
8.2.1 Goals and objectives ............................................................................................ 131
8.2.2 Overview.............................................................................................................. 131
8.2.3 Port Conversation Identifiers ............................................................................... 132
9. Distributed Resilient Network Interconnect ....................................................................................133
9.1 Goals and objectives ............................................................................................................ 133
9.2 Distributed Relay ................................................................................................................. 134
9.3 Distributed Relay operation and procedures........................................................................ 136
9.3.1 Portal Topology ................................................................................................... 139
9.3.2 Intra-Portal Link .................................................................................................. 140
9.3.2.1 Network / IPL sharing by time ............................................................ 140
9.3.2.2 Network / IPL sharing by tag............................................................... 141
9.3.2.3 Network / IPL sharing by encapsulation.............................................. 141
9.3.3 Protocol Identification ......................................................................................... 142
9.3.4 DR Function state machines ................................................................................ 142
9.3.4.1 Service interfaces ................................................................................. 143
9.3.4.2 Per-DR Function variables................................................................... 143
9.3.4.3 Per-IPP Intra-Portal Port variables ...................................................... 144
9.3.4.4 Functions.............................................................................................. 144
9.3.4.5 Messages.............................................................................................. 145
9.3.4.6 DR Function: Aggregator Port reception state machine...................... 145
9.3.4.7 DR Function: Gateway distribution state machine .............................. 145
9.3.4.8 DR Function: IPP N reception state machine ...................................... 146
9.4 Distributed Relay Control Protocol ..................................................................................... 147
9.4.1 Establishing the Portal and Distributed Relay ..................................................... 149
9.4.2 DRCPDU transmission, addressing, and protocol identification ........................ 149
9.4.2.1 Destination MAC Address................................................................... 149
9.4.2.2 Source MAC Address .......................................................................... 150
9.4.2.3 Priority ................................................................................................. 150
9.4.2.4 Encapsulation of DRCPDUs in frames................................................ 150
9.4.3 DRCPDU structure and encoding........................................................................ 150
9.4.3.1 Transmission and representation of octets........................................... 150
9.4.3.2 DRCPDU structure .............................................................................. 151
9.4.3.3 Conversation Vector TLVs.................................................................. 158
9.4.3.3.1 2P Gateway Conversation Vector TLV........................ 158
9.4.3.3.2 3P Gateway Conversation Vector-1 TLV .................... 159
9.4.3.3.3 3P Gateway Conversation Vector-2 TLV .................... 159
9.4.3.3.4 2P Port Conversation Vector TLV ............................... 160
9.4.3.3.5 3P Port Conversation Vector-1 TLV ............................ 160
9.4.3.3.6 3P Port Conversation Vector-2 TLV ............................ 161
9.4.3.4 Network/IPL sharing TLVs ................................................................. 161
9.4.3.4.1 Network/IPL Sharing Method TLV ............................. 162
9.4.3.4.2 Network/IPL Sharing Encapsulation TLV ................... 163
9.4.3.5 Organization-Specific TLV ................................................................. 163
9.4.4 DRCP Control Parser/Multiplexer....................................................................... 164
9.4.4.1 Control Parser state diagram................................................................ 164
9.4.4.1.1 Control Parser Function................................................ 164
9.4.4.1.2 Constants ...................................................................... 164
9.4.4.1.3 Variables....................................................................... 164
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9.4.5 DRCP state machine overview ............................................................................ 165
9.4.6 Constants.............................................................................................................. 166
9.4.7 Variables associated with the Distributed Relay ................................................. 167
9.4.8 Per-DR Function variables................................................................................... 167
9.4.9 Per-IPP Intra-Portal Port variables ...................................................................... 170
9.4.10 Variables used for managing the operation of the state machines....................... 176
9.4.11 Functions.............................................................................................................. 178
9.4.12 Timers .................................................................................................................. 191
9.4.13 Messages.............................................................................................................. 191
9.4.14 DRCPDU Receive machine................................................................................. 191
9.4.15 DRCP Periodic Transmission machine................................................................ 194
9.4.16 Portal System machine......................................................................................... 195
9.4.17 DRNI Gateway and Aggregator machines .......................................................... 196
9.4.18 DRNI IPP machines............................................................................................. 197
9.4.19 DRCPDU Transmit machine ............................................................................... 198
9.4.20 Network/IPL sharing machine ............................................................................. 199
Annex A (normative) Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma ..................... 201
A.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 201
A.1.1 Abbreviations and special symbols .................................................................... 201
A.1.2 Instructions for completing the PICS proforma ................................................. 202
A.1.3 Additional information....................................................................................... 202
A.1.4 Exceptional information..................................................................................... 202
A.1.5 Conditional items ............................................................................................... 203
A.1.6 Identification ...................................................................................................... 203
A.1.6.1 Implementation identification ............................................................. 203
A.1.6.2 Protocol summary ............................................................................... 203
A.2 PICS proforma for Clause 6............................................................................................. 204
A.2.1 Major capabilities/options .................................................................................. 204
A.2.2 LLDP Port connectivity ..................................................................................... 205
A.2.3 Protocol Parser/Multiplexer support .................................................................. 205
A.2.4 Frame Collector.................................................................................................. 205
A.2.5 Frame Distributor ............................................................................................... 206
A.2.6 Marker protocol ................................................................................................. 206
A.2.7 Aggregator Parser/Multiplexer........................................................................... 206
A.2.8 Control Parser/Multiplexer................................................................................. 207
A.2.9 System identification.......................................................................................... 207
A.2.10 Aggregator identification ................................................................................... 207
A.2.11 Port identification............................................................................................... 208
A.2.12 Capability identification..................................................................................... 208
A.2.13 Link Aggregation Group identification.............................................................. 208
A.2.14 Detaching a link from an Aggregator................................................................. 208
A.2.15 LACPDU structure............................................................................................. 209
A.2.16 Version 2 LACPDU ........................................................................................... 209
A.2.17 State machine variables ...................................................................................... 209
A.2.18 Receive machine ................................................................................................ 210
A.2.19 Periodic Transmission machine ......................................................................... 210
A.2.20 Selection Logic................................................................................................... 210
A.2.21 Mux machine...................................................................................................... 211
A.2.22 Transmit machine............................................................................................... 211
A.2.23 Churn Detection machines ................................................................................. 212
A.2.24 Marker protocol.................................................................................................. 212
A.2.25 Management ....................................................................................................... 214
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