Programming iOS 6 第三版

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"programming_ios_6_3rd_edition" 《Programming iOS 6》是马特·尼堡（Matt Neuburg）编著的第三版图书，专注于讲解如何开发iOS 6平台的应用程序。这本书由O'Reilly Media, Inc.出版，旨在教育、商业或销售推广用途，同时也提供在线版本供读者访问。该书由蕾切尔·鲁梅里奥蒂斯（Rachel Roumeliotis）编辑，生产编辑为克里斯汀·博格（Kristen Borg），校对工作由O'Reilly Production Services完成，索引由作者Matt Neuburg亲自编纂。封面设计由兰迪·康纳（Randy Comer）负责，内页设计则由大卫·富塔托（David Futato）操刀，插图同样出自Matt Neuburg之手。该书的第三版在2013年3月首次发布，并在之后可能有过修订和更新，详细信息可查阅O'Reilly的错误报告页面（http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449365769）。作为一本针对iOS 6开发的教程，本书可能会涵盖以下关键知识点： 1. **Objective-C编程基础**：iOS应用开发主要使用Objective-C语言，书中可能深入介绍了面向对象编程的概念、语法和类库。 2. **Xcode工具链**：包括Xcode IDE的使用，Interface Builder的界面设计，以及构建和调试过程。 3. **UIKit框架**：iOS应用程序的核心框架，涉及视图（View）、控制器（Controller）、事件处理和用户交互。 4. **Core Data**：苹果提供的数据管理框架，用于持久化应用程序的数据。 5. **多线程与Grand Central Dispatch (GCD)**：如何在iOS设备上进行高效并行处理，提高应用性能。 6. **网络编程**：包括URLSession的使用，JSON解析，以及与服务器的HTTP通信。 7. **Core Location**：定位服务的使用，如何获取用户的地理位置信息。 8. **Core Animation**：创建流畅动画效果的技术，提升用户体验。 9. **In-App购买**：如何在应用内实现付费功能。 10. **Notification服务**：本地通知和远程推送通知的集成。 11. **GameKit**：对于游戏开发者，可能涉及游戏中心（Game Center）的使用，实现多人游戏和成就系统。 12. **iOS 6的新特性**：如Storyboards的改进，Auto Layout的使用，以及地图服务的更新。通过阅读《Programming iOS 6》第三版，开发者能够掌握iOS 6开发的基本技能，了解如何利用新特性和API来构建高质量的iOS应用程序。无论是初学者还是有经验的开发者，这本书都能提供丰富的信息和指导。

Interruptions 913

Routing Changes 915

Audio Player 916

Remote Control of Your Sound 918

Playing Sound in the Background 921

Further Topics in Sound 923

28.

Video. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925

MPMoviePlayerController 926

MPMoviePlayerViewController 932

UIVideoEditorController 934

Introduction to AV Foundation Video 936

29.

Music Library. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943

Exploring the Music Library 943

The Music Player 948

The Music Picker 954

30.

Photo Library and Image Capture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957

UIImagePickerController 957

Choosing from the Photo Library 958

Using the Camera 962

Image Capture With AV Foundation 966

The Assets Library Framework 969

31.

Address Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973

Address Book Database 973

Address Book Interface 977

ABPeoplePickerNavigationController 978

ABPersonViewController 980

ABNewPersonViewController 981

ABUnknownPersonViewController 982

32.

Calendar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985

Calendar Database 985

Calendar Interface 995

33.

Mail and Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003

Mail Message 1003

Text Message 1005

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Twitter Post 1006

34. Maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007

Displaying a Map 1007

Annotations 1010

Overlays 1017

Map Kit and Current Location 1024

Geocoding 1025

Communicating With the Maps App 1027

35. Sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029

Location 1030

Heading 1035

Acceleration and Attitude 1036

Shake Events 1037

Raw Acceleration 1038

Gyroscope 1042

Part VII. Final Topics

36.

Persistent Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051

The Sandbox 1052

Basic File Operations 1053

Saving and Reading Files 1054

User Defaults 1056

File Sharing 1058

Document Types 1059

Handing Off a Document 1060

The Document Architecture 1064

iCloud 1068

XML 1070

SQLite 1077

Core Data 1078

Image File Formats 1084

37.

Basic Networking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087

HTTP Requests 1087

Bonjour 1096

Push Notifications 1098

Table of Contents | xv

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Aut lego vel scribo; doceo scrutorve sophian.

—Sedulius Scottus

Preface

With the advent of version 2 of the iPhone system, Apple proved they could do a re‐

markable thing — adapt their existing Cocoa computer application programming

framework to make applications for a touch-based device with limited memory and

speed and a dauntingly tiny display. The resulting Cocoa Touch framework, in fact,

turned out to be in many ways better than the original Cocoa.

A programming framework has a kind of personality, an overall flavor that provides an

insight into the goals and mindset of those who created it. When I first encountered

Cocoa Touch, my assessment of its personality was: “Wow, the people who wrote this

are really clever!” On the one hand, the number of built-in interface widgets was severely

and deliberately limited; on the other hand, the power and flexibility of some of those

widgets, especially such things as UITableView, was greatly enhanced over their Mac

OS X counterparts. Even more important, Apple created a particularly brilliant way

(UIViewController) to help the programmer make entire blocks of interface come and

go and supplant one another in a controlled, hierarchical manner, thus allowing that

tiny iPhone display to unfold virtually into multiple interface worlds within a single app

without the user becoming lost or confused.

Even more impressive, Apple took the opportunity to recreate and rationalize Cocoa

from the ground up as Cocoa Touch. Cocoa itself is very old, having begun life as

NeXTStep before Mac OS X even existed. It has grown by accretion and with a certain

conservatism in order to maintain something like backward compatibility. With Cocoa

Touch, on the other hand, Apple had the opportunity to throw out the baby with the

bath water, and they seized this opportunity with both hands.

So, although Cocoa Touch is conceptually based on Mac OS X Cocoa, it is very clearly

not Mac OS X Cocoa, nor is it limited or defined by Mac OS X Cocoa. It’s an independent

creature, a leaner, meaner, smarter Cocoa. I could praise Cocoa Touch’s deliberate use

of systematization (and its healthy respect for Occam’s Razor) through numerous ex‐

xvii

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amples. Where Mac OS X’s animation layers are glommed onto views as a kind of af‐

terthought, a Cocoa Touch view always has an animation layer counterpart. Memory

management policies, such as how top-level objects are managed when a nib loads, are

simplified and clarified. And so on.

At the same time, Cocoa Touch is still a form of Cocoa. It still requires a knowledge of

Objective-C. It is not a scripting language; it is certainly not aimed at nonprogrammers,

like HyperCard’s HyperTalk or Apple’s AppleScript. It is still huge and complicated. In

fact, it’s rather difficult.

The popularity of the iPhone, with its largely free or very inexpensive apps, and the

subsequent popularity of the iPad, have brought and will continue to bring into the fold

many new programmers who see programming for these devices as worthwhile and

doable, even though they may not have felt the same way about Mac OS X. Apple’s own

annual WWDC developer conventions have reflected this trend, with their emphasis

shifted from Mac OS X to iOS instruction.

The widespread eagerness to program iOS, however, though delightful on the one hand,

has also fostered a certain tendency to try to run without first learning to walk. iOS gives

the programmer mighty powers that can seem as limitless as imagination itself, but it

also has fundamentals. I often see questions online from programmers who are evidently

deep into the creation of some interesting app, but who are stymied in a way that reveals

quite clearly that they are unfamiliar with the basics of the very world in which they are

so happily cavorting.

It is this state of affairs that has motivated me to write this book, which is intended to

ground the reader in the fundamentals of iOS. I love Cocoa and have long wished to

write about it, but it is iOS and its popularity that has given me a proximate excuse to

do so. Indeed, my working title was “Fundamentals of Cocoa Touch Programming.”

Here I have attempted to marshal and expound, in what I hope is a pedagogically helpful

and instructive yet ruthlessly Euclidean and logical order, the principles on which sound

iOS programming rests, including a good basic knowledge of Objective-C (starting with

C itself) and the nature of object-oriented programming, advice on the use of the tools,

the full story on how Cocoa objects are instantiated, referred to, put in communication

with one another, and managed over their lifetimes, and a survey of the primary interface

widgets and other common tasks. My hope, as with my previous books, is that you will

both read this book cover to cover (learning something new often enough to keep you

turning the pages) and keep it by you as a handy reference.

This book is not intended to disparage Apple’s own documentation and example

projects. They are wonderful resources and have become more wonderful as time goes

on. I have depended heavily on them in the preparation of this book. But I also find that

they don’t fulfill the same function as a reasoned, ordered presentation of the facts. The

online documentation must make assumptions as to how much you already know; it

can’t guarantee that you’ll approach it in a given order. And online documentation is

xviii | Preface

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用IDEA写出例如当输入字符串是“Hello!_ _Game_programming_ _world!”时，调用该函数后字符串变为“Hello!_Game_programming_world!”。注意：“_”指代空格

写一个方法trim去掉一个字符串中单词间多余的空格，使得相邻两个单词间有且只有一个空格。例如当输入字符串是"Hello!_ _Game_programming_ _world!"时，调用该方法后字符串变为"Hello!_Game_programming_world!"。（"_"表示空格）