"NetApp ONTAP系统9.9.1 NFS协议最佳实践和操作指南"

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"Netapp NFS最佳实践和实施指南"是一本权威的官方手册，提供了关于Netapp存储NAS挂载NFS协议的详细说明和操作指南。该手册针对NFS协议的配置和了解提供了建议和参考，涵盖了最新的ONTAP系统9.9.1说明。本手册由Netapp的Justin Parisi撰写，于2021年11月发布。其提供了基本概念、支持信息、配置技巧和最佳实践，以帮助用户充分理解和有效实施Netapp的ONTAP系统中的NFS协议。该手册偏重于最新版本的ONTAP系统，但在大多数情况下，手册中列出的命令和最佳实践适用于所有ONTAP版本。需要注意的是，在较旧的ONTAP版本中，结果可能会有所不同，因此建议用户参考产品文档以获取更准确的信息。 "NFS in NetApp ONTAP Best practice and implementation guide"详细介绍了NFS协议的基本原理、功能和特性。它通过提供配置示例、使用建议和优化技巧，帮助用户正确配置和管理Netapp存储系统中的NAS挂载的NFS协议。用户可以根据自身需求和环境，按照手册中提供的指导，进行合理的配置和部署，以提高存储系统的性能和可靠性。手册中还包括了大量的最佳实践和经验总结，帮助用户避免常见的问题和错误。例如，手册提供了关于网络配置、NFS选项、权限管理和故障排除等方面的最佳实践建议，以及如何进行性能优化和容量规划的指导。通过遵循这些最佳实践，用户可以最大限度地发挥Netapp存储系统中NFS协议的优势，提高数据访问效率和存储资源利用率。此外，手册还提供了一些高级配置和高级功能的介绍和说明。例如，手册详细介绍了如何在ONTAP系统中配置NFSv4.x和NFSv3.x，并提供了相关的命令和示例。同时，手册还探讨了NFS与其他存储特性的集成，如SnapMirror复制、数据压缩和快照等功能。总之，"Netapp NFS最佳实践和实施指南"是一本权威、全面的NFS协议指南，旨在帮助Netapp用户充分了解和有效实施ONTAP系统中的NFS协议。通过遵循手册中提供的配置建议和最佳实践，用户可以最大限度地发挥Netapp存储系统的性能和功能，提高数据访问效率和存储管理效果。无论是初学者还是有经验的Netapp用户，都可以从这本官方手册中获得有关NFS协议的深入知识和实用指南。

NFS best practice and implementation guide

flexvol unix2 /unix/unix2

The exported path would be /parent_volume_path/qtree, rather than the

/vol/parent_volume_path/qtree seen earlier. The following is the output from a showmount -e

command from an NFS client:

/unix/unix2/nfstree (everyone)

Some storage administrators might not want to expose the entire path of /unix/unix2/nfstree,

because it can allow clients to attempt to navigate other portions of the path. To allow the masking of that

path to an NFS client, a symlink volume or folder can be created and mounted to a junction path. For

example:

cluster::> vol create -vserver flexvol -volume symlinks -aggregate aggr1 -size 20m -state online

-security-style unix -junction-path /NFS_links

The volume size can be small (minimum of 20MB), but that depends on the number of symlinks in the

volume. Each symlink is 4k in size, so you may need to create larger volume sizes to accommodate the

number of symlinks. Alternatively, create a folder under vsroot for the symlinks.

After the volume or folder is created, mount the vsroot to an NFS client to create the symlink.

# mount -o nfsvers=3 x.x.x.e:/ /symlink

# mount | grep symlink

x.x.x.e:/ on /symlink type nfs (rw,nfsvers=3,addr=x.x.x.e)

Note: If using a directory under vsroot, mount vsroot and create the directory.

# mount -o nfsvers=3 x.x.x.e:/ /symlink

# mount | grep symlink

x.x.x.e:/ on /symlink type nfs (rw,nfsvers=3,addr=x.x.x.e)

# mkdir /symlink/symlinks

# ls -la /symlink | grep symlinks

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 30 10:45 symlinks

To create a symlink to the qtree, use the -s option (s = symbolic). The link path needs to include a

relative path that directs the symlink to the correct location without needing to specify the exact path. If

the link is inside a folder that does not navigate to the desired path, then ../ needs to be added to the

path.

For example, if a folder named NFS_links is created under / and the volume unix is also mounted under

/, then navigating to /NFS_links and creating a symlink cause the relative path to require a redirect to

the parent folder.

Example of a symlink created in a symlink volume mounted to /NFS_links:

# mount -o nfsvers=3 x.x.x.e:/ /symlink/

# mount | grep symlink

x.x.x.e:/ on /symlink type nfs (rw,nfsvers=3,addr=x.x.x.e)

# cd /symlink/NFS_links

# pwd

/symlink/NFS_links

# ln -s ../unix/unix2/nfstree LINK

# ls -la /symlink/unix/unix2/nfstree/

total 8

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 15 14:34 .

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Apr 29 16:47 ..

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 15 14:34 you_are_here

# cd LINK

# ls -la

total 8

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 15 14:34 .

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Apr 29 16:47 ..

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 15 14:34 you_are_here

# pwd

NFS best practice and implementation guide

/symlink/NFS_links/LINK

Note: Despite the fact that the symlink points to the actual path of /unix/unix2/nfstree, pwd

returns the path of the symlink, which is /symlink/NFS_links/LINK. The file you_are_here

has the same date and timestamp across both paths.

Because the path includes ../, this symlink cannot be directly mounted.

Example of symlink created in vsroot:

# mount -o nfsvers=3 x.x.x.e:/ /symlink/

# mount | grep symlink

x.x.x.e:/ on /symlink type nfs (rw,nfsvers=3,addr=x.x.x.e)

# cd /symlink/

# pwd

/symlink

# ln -s unix/unix2/nfstree LINK1

# ls -la /symlink/unix/unix2/nfstree/

total 8

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 15 14:34 .

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Apr 29 16:47 ..

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 15 14:34 you_are_here

# cd LINK1

# ls -la

total 8

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 15 14:34 .

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Apr 29 16:47 ..

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 15 14:34 you_are_here

# pwd

/symlink/LINK1

Again, despite the fact that the actual path is /unix/unix2/nfstree, we see an ambiguated path of

/symlink/LINK1. The file you_are_here has the same date and timestamp across both paths.

Additionally, the symlink created can be mounted instead of the vsroot path, adding an extra level of

ambiguity to the export path:

# mount -o nfsvers=3 x.x.x.e:/LINK1 /mnt

# mount | grep mnt

x.x.x.e:/LINK1 on /mnt type nfs (rw,nfsvers=3,addr=x.x.x.e

# cd /mnt

# pwd

/mnt

One use case for this setup is with automounters. Every client can mount the same path and never

actually know where in the directory structure they are. If clients mount the SVM root volume

(/), be sure to lock down the volume to nonadministrative clients.

For more information about locking down volumes to prevent listing of files and folders, see the section in

this document called “Limiting access to the SVM root volume.”

Figure 3 shows a sample of how a namespace can be created to leverage symlinks to create ambiguation

of paths for NAS operations.

NFS best practice and implementation guide

• The cache system is faster than the system with the data source. This can be achieved through faster

storage in the cache (for example, solid-state drives (SSD) versus HDD), increased processing power

in the cache, and increased (or faster) memory in the cache.

• The storage space for the cache is physically closer to the host, so it does not take as long to reach

the data.

Caches are implemented with different architectures, policies, and semantics so that the integrity of the

data is protected as it is stored in the cache and served to the host.

FlexCache offers the following benefits:

• Improved performance by providing load distribution

• Reduced latency by locating data closer to the point of client access

• Enhanced availability by serving cached data in a network disconnection situation

FlexCache provides all of the above advantages while maintaining cache coherency, data consistency,

and efficient use of storage in a scalable and high-performing manner.

Figure 5) NetApp FlexCache volumes.

A FlexCache is a sparse copy; not all files from the origin dataset can be cached, and, even then, not all

data blocks of a cached inode can be present in the cache. Storage is used efficiently by prioritizing

retention of the working dataset (recently used data).

With FlexCache, the management of disaster recovery and other corporate data strategies only needs to

be implemented at the origin. Because data management is only on the source, FlexCache enables

better and more efficient use of resources and simpler data management and disaster recovery

strategies.

For more information on FlexGroup volumes, see the following resource:

• TR-4743: FlexCache in ONTAP

File locking concepts

File locking is a way that applications can preserve the integrity of a file when it is open and in use by

notifying other clients that attempt to open the file that it is currently locked. With NFS, file locking

mechanisms depend on the NFS version being used.

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