PRU C/C++ Compiler v2.3 用户指南：编译器选项详解

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"PRUOptimizingC/C++Compiler v2.3 用户指南，详细解析了PRU命令文件的各个参数，由Texas Instruments Incorporated出版。" 本文档是TI（德州仪器）发布的关于PRU（Processor Runtime Unit）优化C/C++编译器的用户指南，版本为v2.3。这份指南旨在帮助开发者更深入地理解并有效利用PRU编译器进行软件开发，特别是涉及PRU cmd文件的使用和配置。 PRU是TI的嵌入式处理器，用于实现快速响应的实时控制任务。编译器是开发PRU应用的关键工具，它将源代码转换为可在目标硬件上执行的机器码。 1. 软件开发工具概述：这部分介绍了TI提供的整个软件开发工具链，包括编译器、链接器和其他辅助工具，它们共同构成了一个完整的开发环境，支持PRU应用的创建、编译和调试。 2. C/C++编译器的使用：该部分详细阐述了如何使用编译器，包括编译器的基本功能、调用方式以及通过选项改变编译器行为的方法。编译器不仅可以处理C和C++源代码，还能通过不同选项来调整生成的目标文件、链接过程、运行时模型、符号调试以及文件名和目录的处理。 2.3.1 链接器选项：这部分讨论了如何设置链接器选项，以影响最终可执行文件的生成，例如库的链接、内存映射等。 2.3.2 常用选项：涵盖了在开发过程中经常使用的编译器选项，这些选项能帮助优化代码性能、生成诊断信息或指定代码的兼容性。 2.3.3 杂项有用选项：提供了其他一些对开发有用的非标准选项，比如代码大小优化、警告级别控制等。 2.3.4 运行时模型选项：这些选项与程序在PRU上的运行方式有关，包括数据存储、中断处理等方面。 2.3.5 符号调试选项：允许开发者开启或关闭调试信息的生成，以便于在调试阶段追踪代码执行。 2.3.6 指定文件名：详细说明了如何指定输入和输出文件，以及如何处理不同的文件扩展名。 2.3.7 文件名解析：介绍如何改变编译器对文件路径和扩展名的处理规则。 2.3.8 处理C文件：这部分讲述了编译器如何处理C源文件，包括预处理、编译和汇编的步骤。 2.3.9 扩展名解释和命名：解释了编译器如何识别和处理不同类型的文件扩展名。 2.3.10 指定目录：讨论了如何指示编译器查找头文件和库文件的目录路径。 2.3.11 汇编器选项：虽然主要关注的是C/C++编译器，但文档也提及了汇编器选项，这对于需要直接编写汇编代码的情况至关重要。此外，文档还可能包含错误处理、优化级别、多文件项目管理等方面的详细信息。对于使用TI PRU编译器进行高效开发的工程师来说，这份指南是不可或缺的参考资料。通过理解和掌握这些内容，开发者能够更好地定制编译过程，优化代码性能，解决潜在问题，并确保程序在PRU上正确、高效地运行。

About the Compiler

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Using the C/C++ Compiler

2.1 About the Compiler

The compiler lets you compile, optimize, assemble, and optionally link in one step. The compiler performs

the following steps on one or more source modules:

• The compiler accepts C/C++ source code and assembly code. It produces object code.

You can compile C, C++, and assembly files in a single command. The compiler uses the filename

extensions to distinguish between different file types. See Section 2.3.9 for more information.

• The linker combines object files to create object file. The link step is optional, so you can compile and

assemble many modules independently and link them later. See Chapter 4 for information about linking

the files.

Invoking the Linker

NOTE: By default, the compiler does not invoke the linker. You can invoke the linker by using the --

run_linker (-z)compiler option. See Section 4.1.1 for details.

For a complete description of the assembler and the linker, see the PRU Assembly Language Tools

User's Guide.

2.2 Invoking the C/C++ Compiler

To invoke the compiler, enter:

clpru [options] [filenames] [--run_linker [link_options] object files]]

clpru Command that runs the compiler and the assembler.

options Options that affect the way the compiler processes input files. The options are listed

in Table 2-6 through Table 2-26.

filenames One or more C/C++ source files and assembly language source files.

--run_linker (-z) Option that invokes the linker. The --run_linker option's short form is -z. See

Chapter 4 for more information.

link_options Options that control the linking process.

object files Names of the object files for the linking process.

The arguments to the compiler are of three types:

• Compiler options

• Link options

• Filenames

The --run_linker option indicates linking is to be performed. If the --run_linker option is used, any compiler

options must precede the --run_linker option, and all link options must follow the --run_linker option.

Source code filenames must be placed before the --run_linker option. Additional object file filenames can

be placed after the --run_linker option.

For example, if you want to compile two files named symtab.c and file.c, assemble a third file named

seek.asm, and link to create an executable program called myprogram.out, you will enter:

clpru symtab.c file.c seek.asm --run_linker --library=lnk.cmd

--output_file=myprogram.out

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Changing the Compiler's Behavior with Options

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Using the C/C++ Compiler

2.3 Changing the Compiler's Behavior with Options

Options control the operation of the compiler. This section provides a description of option conventions

and an option summary table. It also provides detailed descriptions of the most frequently used options,

including options used for type-checking and assembling.

For a help screen summary of the options, enter clpru with no parameters on the command line.

The following apply to the compiler options:

• There are typically two ways of specifying a given option. The "long form" uses a two hyphen prefix

and is usually a more descriptive name. The "short form" uses a single hyphen prefix and a

combination of letters and numbers that are not always intuitive.

• Options are usually case sensitive.

• Individual options cannot be combined.

• An option with a parameter should be specified with an equal sign before the parameter to clearly

associate the parameter with the option. For example, the option to undefine a constant can be

expressed as --undefine=name. Likewise, the option to specify the maximum amount of optimization

can be expressed as -O=3. You can also specify a parameter directly after certain options, for example

-O3 is the same as -O=3. No space is allowed between the option and the optional parameter, so -O 3

is not accepted.

• Files and options except the --run_linker option can occur in any order. The --run_linker option must

follow all compiler options and precede any linker options.

You can define default options for the compiler by using the PRU_C_OPTION environment variable. For a

detailed description of the environment variable, see Section 2.4.1.

Table 2-6 through Table 2-26 summarize all options (including link options). Use the references in the

tables for more complete descriptions of the options.

Table 2-1. Processor Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--silicon_version={ 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 } -v Selects the silicon version. The default is --silicon_version=3. Section 2.3.4

(1)

Note: Machine-specific options (see Table 2-11) can also affect optimization.

Table 2-2. Optimization Options

(1)

Option Alias Effect Section

--opt_level=off Disables all optimization. Section 3.1

--opt_level=n -On Level 0 (-O0) optimizes register usage only.

Level 1 (-O1) uses Level 0 optimizations and optimizes locally.

Level 2 (-O2) uses Level 1 optimizations and optimizes globally

(default).

Level 3 (-O3) uses Level 2 optimizations and optimizes the file. ()

Level 4 (-O4) uses Level 3 optimizations and performs link-time

optimization. ()

Section 3.1,

Section 3.3,

Section 3.6

--opt_for_speed[=n] -mf Controls the tradeoff between size and speed (0-5 range). If this

option is specified without n, the default value is 4. If this option is

not specified, the default setting is 1.

Section 3.2

--fp_mode={relaxed|strict} Enables or disables relaxed floating-point mode. Section 2.3.3

--fp_reassoc={on|off} Enables or disables the reassociation of floating-point arithmetic. Section 2.3.3

--sat_reassoc={on|off} Enables or disables the reassociation of saturating arithmetic.

Default is --sat_reassoc=off.

Section 2.3.3

Changing the Compiler's Behavior with Options

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Using the C/C++ Compiler

(1)

Note: Machine-specific options (see Table 2-11) can also affect optimization.

Table 2-3. Advanced Optimization Options

(1)

Option Alias Effect Section

--auto_inline=[size] -oi Sets automatic inlining size (--opt_level=3 only). If size is not

specified, the default is 1.

Section 3.5

--call_assumptions=n -opn Level 0 (-op0) specifies that the module contains functions and

variables that are called or modified from outside the source code

provided to the compiler.

Level 1 (-op1) specifies that the module contains variables modified

from outside the source code provided to the compiler but does not

use functions called from outside the source code.

Level 2 (-op2) specifies that the module contains no functions or

variables that are called or modified from outside the source code

provided to the compiler (default).

Level 3 (-op3) specifies that the module contains functions that are

called from outside the source code provided to the compiler but

does not use variables modified from outside the source code.

Section 3.4.1

--gen_opt_info=n -onn Level 0 (-on0) disables the optimization information file.

Level 1 (-on2) produces an optimization information file.

Level 2 (-on2) produces a verbose optimization information file.

Section 3.3.1

--optimizer_interlist -os Interlists optimizer comments with assembly statements. Section 3.9

--program_level_compile -pm Combines source files to perform program-level optimization. Section 3.4

--aliased_variables -ma Assumes called functions create hidden aliases (rare). Section 3.7

Table 2-4. Debug Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--symdebug:dwarf -g Default behavior. Enables symbolic debugging. The generation of

debug information no longer impacts optimization. Therefore,

generating debug information is enabled by default. If you explicitly

use the -g option but do not specify an optimization level, no

optimization is performed.

Section 2.3.5

Section 3.10

--symdebug:none Disables all symbolic debugging. Section 2.3.5

Section 3.10

Table 2-5. Include Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--include_path=directory

-I

Adds the specified directory to the #include search path. Section 2.5.2.1

--preinclude=filename Includes filename at the beginning of compilation. Section 2.3.3

Table 2-6. Control Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--compile_only -c Disables linking (negates --run_linker). Section 4.1.3

--help -h Prints (on the standard output device) a description of the options

understood by the compiler.

Section 2.3.2

--run_linker -z Causes the linker to be invoked from the compiler command line. Section 2.3.2

--skip_assembler -n Compiles C/C++ source file, producing an assembly language output

file. The assembler is not run and no object file is produced.

Section 2.3.2

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Table 2-7. Language Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--c89 Processes C files according to the ISO C89 standard. Section 5.13

--c99 Processes C files according to the ISO C99 standard. Section 5.13

--c++03 Processes C++ files according to the ISO C++03 standard. Section 5.13

--cpp_default -fg Processes all source files with a C extension as C++ source files. Section 2.3.7

--exceptions Enables C++ exception handling. Section 5.6

--float_operations_allowed={none|

all|32|64}

Restricts the types of floating point operations allowed. Section 2.3.3

--gen_cross_reference -px Generates a cross-reference listing file (.crl). Section 2.9

---gen_preprocessor_listing -pl Generates a raw listing file (.rl). Section 2.10

--pending_instantiations=# Specify the number of template instantiations that may be in

progress at any given time. Use 0 to specify an unlimited number.

Section 2.3.4

--plain_char={signed|unsigned} -mc Specifies how to treat plain chars, default is unsigned. Section 2.3.4

--relaxed_ansi -pr Enables relaxed mode; ignores strict ISO violations. This is on by

default. To disable this mode, use the --strict_ansi option.

Section 5.13.2

--rtti -rtti Enables C++ run-time type information (RTTI). –-

--strict_ansi -ps Enables strict ANSI/ISO mode (for C/C++, not for K&R C). In this

mode, language extensions that conflict with ANSI/ISO C/C++ are

disabled. In strict ANSI/ISO mode, most ANSI/ISO violations are

reported as errors. Violations that are considered discretionary may

be reported as warnings instead.

Section 5.13.2

Table 2-8. Parser Preprocessing Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--preproc_dependency[=filename] -ppd Performs preprocessing only, but instead of writing preprocessed

output, writes a list of dependency lines suitable for input to a

standard make utility.

Section 2.5.8

--preproc_includes[=filename] -ppi Performs preprocessing only, but instead of writing preprocessed

output, writes a list of files included with the #include directive.

Section 2.5.9

--preproc_macros[=filename] -ppm Performs preprocessing only. Writes list of predefined and user-

defined macros to a file with the same name as the input but with a

.pp extension.

Section 2.5.10

--preproc_only -ppo Performs preprocessing only. Writes preprocessed output to a file

with the same name as the input but with a .pp extension.

Section 2.5.4

--preproc_with_comment -ppc Performs preprocessing only. Writes preprocessed output, keeping

the comments, to a file with the same name as the input but with a

.pp extension.

Section 2.5.6

--preproc_with_compile -ppa Continues compilation after preprocessing with any of the -pp<x>

options that normally disable compilation.

Section 2.5.5

--preproc_with_line -ppl Performs preprocessing only. Writes preprocessed output with line-

control information (#line directives) to a file with the same name as

the input but with a .pp extension.

Section 2.5.7

Table 2-9. Predefined Symbols Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--define=name[=def] -D Predefines name. Section 2.3.2

--undefine=name -U Undefines name. Section 2.3.2

Table 2-10. Diagnostic Message Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--compiler_revision Prints out the compiler release revision and exits. --

--diag_error=num -pdse Categorizes the diagnostic identified by num as an error. Section 2.7.1

Changing the Compiler's Behavior with Options

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Table 2-10. Diagnostic Message Options (continued)

Option Alias Effect Section

--diag_remark=num -pdsr Categorizes the diagnostic identified by num as a remark. Section 2.7.1

--diag_suppress=num -pds Suppresses the diagnostic identified by num. Section 2.7.1

--diag_warning=num -pdsw Categorizes the diagnostic identified by num as a warning. Section 2.7.1

--diag_wrap={on|off} Wrap diagnostic messages (default is on). Note that this command-

line option cannot be used within the Code Composer Studio IDE.

--display_error_number -pden Displays a diagnostic's identifiers along with its text. Note that this

command-line option cannot be used within the Code Composer

Studio IDE.

Section 2.7.1

--emit_warnings_as_errors -pdew Treat warnings as errors. Section 2.7.1

--issue_remarks -pdr Issues remarks (non-serious warnings). Section 2.7.1

--no_warnings -pdw Suppresses diagnostic warnings (errors are still issued). Section 2.7.1

--quiet -q Suppresses progress messages (quiet). --

--section_sizes={on|off} Generates section size information, including sizes for sections

containing executable code and constants, constant or initialized

data (global and static variables), and uninitialized data. (Default is

off if this option is not included on the command line. Default is on if

this option is used with no value specified.)

Section 2.7.1

--set_error_limit=num -pdel Sets the error limit to num. The compiler abandons compiling after

this number of errors. (The default is 100.)

Section 2.7.1

--super_quiet -qq Super quiet mode. --

--tool_version -version Displays version number for each tool. --

--verbose Display banner and function progress information. --

--verbose_diagnostics -pdv Provides verbose diagnostic messages that display the original

source with line-wrap. Note that this command-line option cannot be

used within the Code Composer Studio IDE.

Section 2.7.1

--write_diagnostics_file -pdf Generates a diagnostic message information file. Compiler only

option. Note that this command-line option cannot be used within the

Code Composer Studio IDE.

Section 2.7.1

Table 2-11. Run-Time Model Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--endian={ big | little } Specify the endianness of both code and data. If not specified,

compiler defaults to --endian=little.

Section 2.3.4

--gen_data_subsections={on|off} Place all aggregate data (arrays, structs, and unions) into

subsections. This gives the linker more control over removing

unused data during the final link step. The default is on.

Section 4.2.1

--hardware_mac={on|off} Enables use of the hardware MAC available on some PRU cores.

Defaults to --hardware_mac=off.

Section 2.3.4

--mem_model:data={ near | far } Specifies data access model. When not specified, compiler defaults

to --mem_model:data=near.

Section 5.5.2

--printf_support={nofloat|full|

minimal}

Enables support for smaller, limited versions of the printf function

family (sprintf, fprintf, etc.) and the scanf function family (sscanf,

fscanf, etc.) run-time-support functions.

Section 2.3.3

Table 2-12. Entry/Exit Hook Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--entry_hook[=name] Enables entry hooks. Section 2.13

--entry_parm={none|name|

address}

Specifies the parameters to the function to the --entry_hook option. Section 2.13

--exit_hook[=name] Enables exit hooks. Section 2.13

--exit_parm={none|name|address} Specifies the parameters to the function to the --exit_hook option. Section 2.13

--remove_hooks_when_inlining Removes entry/exit hooks for auto-inlined functions. Section 2.13

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