BQ2060电池管理芯片详解：高精度监控与智能接口

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BQ2060是一款专为笔记本电池设计的高效能电池管理芯片，它在电池行业中扮演着至关重要的角色。该芯片的特点包括： 1. **精确测量**：BQ2060能够提供准确的测量，支持NiCd、NiMH、Li-Ion和铅酸等各种类型的可充电电池，这对于电池性能监控和维护至关重要。 2. **智能电池标准支持**：它符合SBSSmartBattery Data Specification v1.1，这意味着与主流的智能电池管理系统兼容，能够无缝集成到现代电子设备中，提高电池管理的效率和兼容性。 3. **接口兼容性**：BQ2060支持2-wire SMBus v1.1接口，以及PE或1-wire HDQ16协议，这使得它能够在各种电子系统中轻松通信，获取和设置电池状态信息。 4. **细胞电压监测**：芯片可以报告每个单独电池单元的电压，这对于电池健康评估和平衡非常重要，可以预防过充或欠充的问题。 5. **保护电路控制**：通过内置的Li-Ion保护电路，BQ2060能够监控并控制充电和放电场效应晶体管（FET），确保电池在安全范围内工作。 6. **高精度读数**：提供15位分辨率的电压、温度和电流测量，确保数据的准确性，有助于精细化管理和优化电池性能。 7. **低功耗设计**：在正常运行模式下，BQ2060的功耗小于0.5毫瓦，表现出出色的能源效率，延长了电池寿命。 8. **显示功能**：芯片驱动4或5段LED显示屏，实时显示剩余电量，便于用户直观了解电池状态。 9. **封装形式**：采用28-pin 150-mil SSOP封装，紧凑且适合多种应用场景安装，无论是电池包还是系统级集成都非常方便。总结来说，BQ2060是一款集精确度、多功能性和低功耗于一体的电池管理芯片，对于维护笔记本电池的性能、延长使用寿命和提供良好的用户体验具有重要意义。在设计和开发过程中，考虑将其集成进设备的电源管理系统，可以显著提升电池使用效率和安全性。

This means that a 0.39% reduction of RM will be made

12.8 times per day to achieve the desired 5% per day re

duction at 35°C.

Figure 3 illustrates how the self-discharge estimate al

gorithm adjusts RemainingCapacity()vs. temperature.

Light Discharge or Suspend Current

Compensation

The bq2060 can be configured in two ways to compen

sate for small discharge currents that produce a signal

below the digital filter. First, the bq2060 can decrement

RM and DCR at a rate determined by the value stored

in Light Discharge Current EE 0x2b when it detects no

discharge activity and the SMBC and SMBD lines are

high. Light Discharge Current has a range of 44µAto

11.2mA.

Alternatively, the bq2060 can be configured to disable

the digital filter for discharge when the SMBC and

SMBD lines are high. In this way, the digital filter will

not mask the leakage current signal. The bq2060 is con-

figured in this mode by setting the NDF bit in Control

Mode.

Midrange Capacity Corrections

The bq2060 applies midrange capacity corrections when

the VCOR bit is set in Pack Configuration. The bq2060

adjusts RM to the associated percentage at three differ-

ent voltage levels VOC25, VOC50, and VOC75. The VOC

values represent the open circuit battery voltage at

which RM corresponds to the associated state of charge

for each threshold.

Threshold Associated State of Charge

VOC25 25%

VOC50 50%

VOC75 75%

For the midrange corrections to occur, the temperature

must be in the range of 19°Cto31°C inclusive and the

Current() and AverageCurrent() must both be between

–64mA and 0. The bq2060 makes midrange corrections

as shown inTable 5.

Charge Control

Charging Voltage and Current Broadcasts

The bq2060 supports SBS charge control by broadcasting

the ChargingCurrent() and ChargingVoltage() to the

Smart Charger address. The bq2060 broadcasts the re

quests every 10s. The bq2060 updates the values used in

the charging current and voltage broadcasts based on the

battery’s state of charge, voltage, and temperature. The

fast-charge rate is programmed in Fast-Charging Current

EE 0x1a - 0x1b while the charge voltage is programmed in

Charging Voltage EE0x0a-0x0b.

The bq2060 internal charge control is compatible with

popular rechargeable chemistries. The primary

charge-termination techniques include a change in tem-

perature over a change in time (∆T/∆t) and current

taper, for nickel-based and Li-Ion chemistries, respec-

tively. The bq2060 also provides pre-charge qualifica-

tion and a number of safety charge suspensions based

on current, voltage,temperature, and state of charge.

Alarm Broadcasts to Smart Charger and Host

If any of the bits 8–15 in BatteryStatus() is set, the

bq2060 broadcasts an AlarmWarning() message to the

Host address. If any of the bits 12–15 in BatteryStatus()

are set, the bq2060 also sends an AlarmWarning() mes

sage to the Smart Charger address. The bq2060 repeats

the AlarmWarning() message every 10s until the bits are

cleared.

Pre-Charge Qualification

The bq2060 sets ChargingCurrent() to the pre-charge

rate as programmed in Pre-Charge Current EE

0x1e-0x1f under thefollowing conditions:

Condition Result

Voltage()

≥ VOC75 and RelativeStateOfCharge() ≤ 63% RelativeStateOfCharge()→75%

< VOC75 and RelativeStateOfCharge() ≥ 87% RelativeStateOfCharge()→75%

≥VOC50 and RelativeStateOfCharge() ≤ 38% RelativeStateOfCharge()→50%

<VOC50 and RelativeStateOfCharge() ≥ 62% RelativeStateOfCharge()→50%

≥ VOC25 and RelativeStateOfCharge() ≤ 13% RelativeStateOfCharge()→25%

< VOC25 and RelativeStateOfCharge() ≥ 37% RelativeStateOfCharge()→25%

Table 5. Midrange Corrections

bq2060

Voltage: The bq2060 requests the pre-charge charge

rate when Voltage() drops below the EDV0 threshold

(compensated or fixed EDVs). Once requested, a

pre-charge rate remains until Voltage() increases

above the EDVF threshold. The bq2060 also

broadcasts the pre-charge value immediately after a

device reset until Voltage() is above the EDVF

threshold. This threshold is programmed in

EDVF/EDV0 EE 0x72-0x73.

Temperature: The bq2060 requests the pre-charge

rate when Temperature() is between 0°C and 5°C.

Temperature() must rise above 5°C before the bq2060

requests the fast-chargerate.

Charge Suspension

The bq2060 may temporarily suspend charge if it de

tects a charging fault. A charging fault includes the fol

lowing conditions.

Overcurrent: An overcurrent condition exists when

the bq2060 measures the charge current to be more than

the Overcurrent Margin above the ChargingCurrent().

Overcurrent Margin is programmed in EE 0x49. On

detecting an overcurrent condition, the bq2060 sets the

ChargingCurrent() to zero and sets the

TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM bit in Battery

Status(). The overcurrent condition and TERMINATE_

CHARGE_ALARM are cleared when the measured

current drops below the ChargingCurrent plus the

Overcurrent Margin.

Overvoltage: An overvoltage condition exists when the

bq2060 measures the battery voltage to be more than

the Overvoltage Margin above the ChargingVoltage() or

a Li-Ion cell voltage has exceeded the overvoltage limit

programmed in Cell Under-/Overoltage. Overvoltage

Margin is programmed in EE 0x48 and Cell Under/Over

Voltage in EE 0x4a (least significant nibble). On

detecting an overvoltage condition, the bq2060 sets the

ChargingCurrent() to zero and sets the

TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM bit in BatteryStatus().

The bq2060 clears the TERMINATE_

CHARGE_ALARM bit when it detects that the battery

is no longer being charged (DISCHARGING bit set in

BatteryStatus()). The bq2060 continues to broadcast zero

charging current until the overvoltage condition is

cleared. The overvoltage condition is cleared when the

measured battery voltage drops below the

ChargingVoltage() plus the Overvoltage Margin or when

the CVOVbit isreset.

Over-Temperature: An over-temperature condition

exists when Temperature() is greater than or equal to

the Max T value programmed in EE 0x45 (most

significant nibble). On detecting an over-temperature

condition, the bq2060 sets the ChargingCurrent() to

zero and sets the OVER_TEMP_ALARM and

TERMINATE_CHARGE_ ALARM bit in

BatteryStatus() and the CVOV bit in Pack Status.

The over-temperature condition is cleared when

Temperature() is equalto or below (Max T –5°C).

Overcharge: An overcharge condition exists if the

battery is charged more than the Maxmum

Overcharge value after RM = FCC. Maximum

Overcharge is programmed in EE 0x2e–0x2f. On

detecting an overcharge condition, the bq2060 sets

the ChargingCurrent() to zero and sets the

OVER_CHARGED_ALARM, TERMINATE_CHARGE_

ALARM, and FULLY_CHARGED bits in

BatteryStatus(). The bq2060 clears the OVER_

CHARGED_ALARM and TERMINATE_CHARGE_

ALARM when it detects that the battery is no longer

being charged. The FULLY_CHARGED bit remains set

and the bq2060 continues to broadcast zero charging

current until RelativeStateOfCharge() is less than

Fully Charged Clear% programmed in EE 0x4c.The

counter used to track overcharge capacity is reset

with 2mAh ofdischarge.

Under-Temperature: An under-temperature

condition exists if Temperature() < 0°C. On detecting

an under temperature condition, the bq2060 sets

ChargingCurrent() to zero. The bq2060 sets

ChargingCurrent() to the appropriate pre-charge rate

or fast-charge ratewhen Temperature() ≥ 0°C.

Primary Charge Termination

The bq2060 terminates charge if it detects a

charge-termination condition. A charge-termination

condition includes thefollowing.

∆T/∆t: For ∆T/∆t, the bq2060 detects a change in

temperature over many seconds. The ∆T/∆t setting

is programmable in both the temperature step,

DeltaT (1.6°C - 4.6°C), and the time step, DeltaT

Time (20s-320s). Typical settings for 1°C/minute

include 2°C/120s and 3°C/180s. Longer times are

required for increased slope resolution. The DeltaT

value is programmed in EE 0x45 (least significant

nibble) and the Delta T Time in EE 0x4e.

In addition to the ∆T/∆t timer, a hold-off timer starts

when the battery is being charged at more than

255mA and the temperature is above 25°C. Until this

timer expires, ∆T/∆t detection is suspended. If

Current() drops below 256mA or Temperature() below

25°C, the hold-off timer resets and restarts only when

the current and temperature conditions are met again.

The hold-off timer is programmable (20s – 320s) with

Holdoff Time valuein EE 0x4f.

Current Taper: For current taper, ChargingVoltage()

must be set to the pack voltage desired during the

constant-voltage phase of charging. The bq2060 detects a

current taper termination when the pack voltage is

greater than the voltage determined by Current Taper

Qual Voltage in EE 0x4f and the charging current is

below a threshold determined by Current Taper

bq2060

Threshold in EE 0x4e, for at least 40s. The bq2060 uses

the VFC to measure current for current taper

termination. The current polarity must remain positive as

measured by theVFC duringthis time.

Once the bq2060 detects a primary charge termination,

the bq2060 sets the TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM

and FULLY_CHARGED bits in BatteryStatus(), and

sets the ChargingCurrent() to the maintenance charge

rate as programmed in Maintenance Charging Current

EE 0x1c–0x1d. On termination, the bq2060 also sets

RM to a programmed percentage of FCC, provided that

RelativeStateOfCharge() is below the desired

percentage of FCC and the CSYNC bit in Pack Configu

ration EE 0x3f is set. If the CSYNC bit is not set and

RelativeStateOfCharge() is less than the programmed

percentage of FCC, the bq2060 clears the

FULLY_CHARGED bit in BatteryStatus(). The pro

grammed percentage of FCC, Fast Charge Termination

%, is set in EE 0x4b. The bq2060 clears the

FULLY_CHARGED bit when RelativeStateOfCharge()

is less than the programmed Fully Charged Clear %.

The bq2060 broadcasts the fast-charge rate when the

FULLY_CHARGED bit is cleared and voltage and tem-

perature permit. The bq2060 clears the TERMI-

NATE_CHARGE_ALARM when it no longer detects

that the battery is being charged or it no longer detects

the termination condition. See Table 6 for a summary

of BatteryStatus() alarm and status bit operation.

Display Port

General

The display port drives a 4 or 5 LED bar-graph display.

The display is activated by a logic signal on the DISP

put. The bq2060 can display RM in either a relative or

absolute mode with each LED representing a percentage

of the full-battery reference. In relative mode, the

bq2060 uses FCC as the full-battery reference; in abso

lute mode, ituses DC.

The DMODE bit in Pack Configuration programs the

bq2060 for the absolute or relative display mode. The

LED bit in Control Mode programs the 4 or 5 LED op

tion. A 5th LED can be used with the 4 LED display op

tion to showwhen the battery capacity is ≥ to 100%.

Activation

The display may be activated at any time by a

high-to-low transition on the DISP

input. This is usually

accomplished with a pullup resistor and a pushbutton

switch. Detection of the transition activates the dis

play

and starts a four-second display timer. The timer

expires and turns off the display whether

DISP

was

brought low momentarily or held low indefinitely. Reac

tivation of the display requires that the DISP

input re

turn to a logic-high state and then transition low again.

The second high-to-low transition must occur after the

display timer expires. The bq2060 requires the DISP

put to remain stable for a minimum of 250ms to detect

the logic state.

If the EDV0 bit is set, the bq2060 disables the LED dis

play. The display is also disabled during a VFC calibra

tion and should be turned off before entering low-power

storage mode.

Display Modes

In relative mode, each LED output represents 20% or

25% of the RelativeStateOfCharge() value. In absolute

mode, each LED output represents 20% or 25% of the

AbsoluteStateOfCharge() value. Table 7 shows the dis

play operation.

In either mode, the bq2060 blinks the LED display if

RemainingCapacity() is less than Remaining

CapacityAlarm(). The displayis disabled if EDV0 = 1.

Secondary Protection for Li-Ion

Undervoltage and overvoltage thresholds may be pro-

grammed in the byte value Cell Under/Over Voltage EE

0x4a to set a secondary level of protection for Lithium

Ion cells. The bq2060 checks individual cell voltages for

undervoltage and overvoltage conditions. The bq2060

displays the results in the Pack Status register and con-

trols the state of the FET control outputs CFC and DFC.

If any cell voltage is less than the V

threshold, the

bq2060 sets the CVUV bit in Pack Status and pulls the

DFC pin to a logic low. If any cell voltage is greater than

the V

threshold, the bq2060 sets the CVOV bit in Pack

Status and pullsthe CFC pin to a logic low.

Low-Power Storage Mode

The bq2060 enters low-power mode 5– 8s after receiving

the Enable Low-Power command. In this mode the

bq2060 consumes less than 10µA. A rising edge on

SMBC, SMBD, or HDQ16 restores the bq2060 to the full

operating mode. The bq2060 does not perform any gas

gauge functions duringlow-power storage mode.

Device Reset

The bq2060 can be reset with commands over the

HDQ16 or SMBus. Upon reset, the bq2060 initializes its

internal registers with the information contained in the

configuration EEPROM. The following command se

quence initiates afull bq2060 reset:

Write 0x4f to 0xff5a

Write 0x7d to 0x0000

Write 0x7d to 0x0080

bq2060

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