5G基站宽带双极化MIMO天线设计

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"A Broadband ±45° Dual-Polarized Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Antenna for 5G Base Stations with Extra Decoupling Elements" 这篇研究论文介绍了一种专为5G基站设计的宽带双极化MIMO天线。这种天线设计的关键目标是提供高效能、宽频带覆盖以及良好的隔离特性，以适应5G移动网络的主流频谱分配。在5G通信系统中，MIMO技术被广泛应用于提高数据传输速率和系统的容量。这种双极化MIMO天线设计包含两个正交放置的扇形偶极子元素，利用±45°双极化馈电结构来实现宽带操作。每个天线单元的工作频率范围从3.3 GHz到4.2 GHz，这个频率范围覆盖了5G移动网络的主要频谱分配。为了改善相邻天线元素间的隔离度并降低互耦效应，论文中采用了H型耦合元件。通过这些额外的解耦元素，相邻天线之间的互耦被降低了4dB以上。这有助于减少信号干扰，提高天线阵列的整体性能。文章进一步提供了对2×2天线阵列的包络相关性的分析，以验证其性能。包络相关性是衡量多天线系统中信号相关程度的重要指标，较低的包络相关性意味着更好的信号独立性和更高的系统容量。此外，5G移动通信的广泛潜力在于其高速率、低延迟和大规模连接的能力。因此，设计高效、宽频带的天线对于5G基站的部署至关重要。该论文的研究成果对于5G基础设施的建设具有重要的理论和实践意义，为未来5G网络的优化和扩展提供了新的设计思路。关键词：基站，宽带，双极化，5G移动网络，MIMO天线，互耦

Journal of Communications and Information Networks, Vol.3, No.1, Mar. 2018

DOI: 10.1007/s41650-018-0002-9 Research paper

A Broadband ±45

◦

Dual-Polarized Multiple-Input

Multiple-Output Antenna for 5G Base Stations

with Extra Decoupling Elements

Qi Wu, Peiyu Liang, Xiaoming Chen

Abstract—A dual-polarized multiple-input multiple-

output (MIMO)antenna is proposed for 5G base stations.

Each antenna element consists of two orthogonally placed

fan-shaped dipole elements and ±45

◦

dual-polarized feed-

ing structures are used to achieve broadband operation.

The resonant frequency of the array element is from

3.3 to 4.2 GHz, which covers the mainstream spectrum

allocations of 5G mobile networks. H-shaped coupling

elements are used to improve the isolation between the

neighboring antenna elements and the mutual coupling is

reduced by over 4 dB. The envelope correlation of a 2 × 2

array is provided for veriﬁcation.

Keywords—base station, broad band, dual-polarized,

5th generation mobile networks, MIMO antenna, mutual

coupling

I. INTRODUCTION

th generation (5G) mobile communication has broad po-

tential applications owing to its enhanced capabilities in

terms of high data rate, high reliability and low latency. Rel-

evant technologies, such as the Internet of things (IoT)

[1]

, ar-

tiﬁcial intelligence (AI)

[2]

, cloud computing

[3]

, and big data

analytics

[4]

under rapid development may change the daily life

of everyone in the world. 5G wireless systems capable of bet-

ter supporting the above technologies are expected to be ready

for commercial operation around 2020.

In 2016, the European Commission (EC) announced its

spectrum plan for 5G trials covering the bands from 3.4 to

3.8 GHz; the 3.8-4.2 GHz bands are reserved for future ap-

plications. In 2017, China’s Ministry of Industry and Infor-

mation Technology (MIIT) ofﬁcially declared that 3.3-3.4 (in-

door only), 3.4 -3.6 and 4.8-5 GHz bands are allocated for 5G

Manuscript received Dec. 23, 2017; accepted Feb. 07, 2018.

Q. Wu, P. Y. Liang. School of Electronics and Information Engineering,

Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China.

X. M. Chen. School of Electronic Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong

University, Xi’an 710049, China.

service, and the 3.6-4.2 GHz bands are considered for future

5G allocation

[5]

. As shown in Fig. 1, the available frequency

spectra for most countries or regions are mostly within the fre-

quency bands from 3.3 to 4.2 GHz. The so-called sub-5-GHz

bands are very important for 5G trails and future deployment.

Therefore, it is highly desirable to cover this band for the pro-

posed base station antenna.

Because of the existence of rich multipath deployment and

scattering propagation in typical mobile channels, the receiv-

ing signals usually yield an elliptical polarization. To miti-

gate multipath fading and to increase channel capacity, a dual-

polarized antenna array can be used for 5G base stations. In

addition, compared with 0

◦

and 90

◦

dual-polarized antenna

arrays, antennas with ±45

◦

polarization can have a higher ef-

ﬁciency because the two antenna masts can be used to receive

data simultaneously

[6]

With regard to the feeding structures, a Y-shaped feeding

line has been developed for a dual-polarized array and the

array achieves a wide impedance bandwidth from 1.7 to 2.7

GHz with standing wave ratio (SWR) less than 1.5. The isola-

tion between the two orthogonal ports is larger than 25 dB

[7]

Another ±45

◦

dual-polarized array with two crossed bowtie

elements has been designed for the same long term evolu-

tion (LTE) bands, and the antenna element has a wide half-

power beamwidth of about 65

◦[8]

. To enhance the impedance

bandwidth, additional loops are embedded into a loop dual-

polarized antenna and a new resonant mode is generated, as

discussed in Ref. [9]. A dual-dipole dual-polarized structure

has also been proposed that has a broad bandwidth of 51%

(1.61-2.71 GHz) and high isolation of larger than 30 dB

[10]

However, the above designs focus on LTE applications only.

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, espe-

cially a massive one, is an enabler for 5G mobile communi-

cation. To achieve the optimum MIMO performance, several

parameters such as the bandwidth, gain, isolation, and cross-

polarization levels are necessary to evaluate the antenna ele-

ment. A side-view proﬁle of the element is also important for

aesthetical reasons. Many decent designs have been reported

in recent years to meet these requirements.

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