TRF7970A：13.56MHz RFID与NFC全集成收发器

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"TRF7970A 多协议全集成式 13.56MHz RFID 和近场通信 (NFC) 收发器 IC 数据手册" TRF7970A是一款高度集成的集成电路，专为13.56MHz频段的RFID（无线识别）和NFC（近场通信）应用设计。这款芯片支持多种通信标准，包括NFCIP-1（基于ISO/IEC 18092）、NFCIP-2（基于ISO/IEC 21481），同时兼容ISO/IEC15693、ISO/IEC18000-3、ISO/IEC14443A和B以及FeliCa™等RFID标准，确保了广泛的互操作性和兼容性。该收发器具备全面的协议处理功能，内置编码器、解码器和数据帧构建器，可在NFC发起方和有源、无源目标方模式下运行，适应106kbps、212kbps及424kbps的三种不同比特率，并且能够执行卡仿真。此外，它还拥有一个射频场检测器，其可编程唤醒电平功能使得NFC无源应答器仿真成为可能，从而减少了能源消耗。 TRF7970A设计有防止物理碰撞的机制，通过集成的状态机来实现ISO/IEC14443A防撞功能，无论是应答器仿真还是NFC无源目标模式都能有效避免冲突。电源管理方面，该芯片的输入电压范围为2.7VDC到5.5VDC，输出功率可编程设置为+20dBm（100mW）或+23dBm（200mW）。I/O电压电平也是可编程的，范围从1.8VDC到5.5VDC。该芯片还提供了可编程系统时钟频率输出，可以是13.56MHz、27.12MHz晶振或振荡器频率的RF、RF/2或RF/4。集成的电压稳压器输出能为其他系统组件（如微控制器MCU、外设和指示器）提供20mA的最大电流。TRF7970A还允许用户对调制深度进行编程，以适应不同的应用需求。总而言之，TRF7970A是一款强大的RFID和NFC解决方案，集成了多种功能，适用于需要高效率和灵活性的近场通信应用。其广泛的标准支持、灵活的电源管理选项和高级的防冲突机制，使其成为开发智能标签、移动支付、数据交换和其他NFC应用的理想选择。开发者可以利用数据手册中的详细信息，深入了解如何充分利用这款芯片的各项特性，以满足他们的项目需求。

MUX

RX_IN1

RX_IN2

Phase and

Amplitude

Detector

Gain

RSSI

(AUX)

Logic

Level Shifter

State

Control

Logic

(Control

Registers and

Command

Logic)

127-Byte

FIFO

MCU

Interface

VDD_I/O

I/O_0

I/O_1

I/O_2

I/O_3

I/O_4

I/O_5

I/O_6

I/O_7

IRQ

SYS_CLK

DATA_CLK

ISO

Protocol

Handling

Decoder

RSSI

(External)

Gain

RSSI

(Main)

Filter

and AGC

Digitizer

Bit

Framing

Serial

Conversion

CRC and Parity

Transmitter

Analog Front End

TX_OUT

VDD_PA

VSS_PA

Digital Control

State Machine

Crystal or Oscillator

Timing System

EN2

ASK/OOK

MOD

OSC_IN

OSC_OUT

Voltage Supply Regulator Systems

(Supply Regulators and Reference Voltages)

VSS_A

VSS_RF

VDD_RF

VDD_X

VSS_D

VSS

VIN

VDD_A

BAND_GAP

RF Level

Detector

Phase and

Amplitude

Detector

TRF7970A

www.ti.com.cn

ZHCS363L –AUGUST 2011–REVISED MARCH 2017

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6.1.3.3 Card Emulation

The chip can enter this mode by setting appropriate option bits. The chip can emulate ISO/IEC 14443 A

and B card types. For ISO/IEC 14443 A and B, the emulation supports 106-kbps data rate to start. For

ISO/IEC 14443 A, the anticollision algorithm can be performed using an internal state machine, which

relieves the MCU of any real-time tasks; however, this method can present interoperability challenges with

other NFC devices due to timing requirements. To ensure best interoperability, TI recommends allowing

the MCU to manage the anticollision process, instead. The unique ID required for anticollision is provided

by the MCU after wakeup of the system.

6.2 System Block Diagram

图 6-2 shows a block diagram of the TRF7970A.

图图 6-2. System Block Diagram

6.3 Power Supplies

The TRF7970A positive supply input V

(pin 2) sources three internal regulators with output voltages

DD_RF

, V

DD_A

and V

DD_X

. All regulators use external bypass capacitors for supply noise filtering and must

be connected as indicated in reference schematics. These regulators provide a high power supply reject

ratio (PSRR) as required for RFID reader systems. All regulators are supplied by V

(pin 2).

The regulators are not independent and have common control bits in register 0x0B for output voltage

setting. The regulators can be configured to operate in either automatic or manual mode (register 0x0B,

bit 7). The automatic regulator setting mode ensures an optimal compromise between PSRR and the

highest possible supply voltage for RF output (to ensure maximum RF power output). The manual mode

allows the user to manually configure the regulator settings. For applications in which the TRF7970A may

be subjected to external noise, manually reducing the regulator settings can improve RF performance.

TRF7970A

ZHCS363L –AUGUST 2011–REVISED MARCH 2017

www.ti.com.cn

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6.3.1 Supply Arrangements

Regulator Supply Input: V

The positive supply at V

(pin 2) has an input voltage range of 2.7 V to 5.5 V. V

provides the supply

input sources for three internal regulators with the output voltages V

DD_RF

, V

DD_A

, and V

DD_X

. External

bypass capacitors for supply noise filtering must be used (per reference schematics).

注注

must be the highest voltage supplied to the TRF7970A.

RF Power Amplifier Regulator: V

DD_RF

The V

DD_RF

(pin 3) regulator is supplying the RF power amplifier. The voltage regulator can be set for

either 5-V or 3-V operation. External bypass capacitors for supply noise filtering must be used (per

reference schematics). When configured for 5-V manual-operation, the V

DD_RF

output voltage can be set

from 4.3 V to 5 V in 100-mV steps. In 3-V manual-operation, the output can be programmed from 2.7 V to

3.4 V in 100-mV steps. The maximum output current capability for 5-V operation is 150 mA and for 3-V

operation is 100 mA.

Analog Supply Regulator: V

DD_A

Regulator V

DD_A

(pin 1) supplies the analog circuits of the device. The output voltage setting depends on

the input voltage and can be set for 5-V and 3-V operation. When configured for 5-V manual-operation,

the output voltage is fixed at 3.4 V. External bypass capacitors for supply noise filtering must be used (per

reference schematics). When configured for 3-V manual-operation, the V

DD_A

output can be set from 2.7 V

to 3.4 V in 100-mV steps (see 表 6-2).

注注

The configuration of V

DD_A

and V

DD_X

regulators are not independent from each other. The

DD_X

output current should not exceed 20 mA.

Digital Supply Regulator: V

DD_X

The digital supply regulator V

DD_X

(pin 32) provides the power for the internal digital building blocks and

can also be used to supply external electronics within the reader system. When configured for 3-V

operation, the output voltage can be set from 2.7 to 3.4 V in 100-mV steps. External bypass capacitors for

supply noise filtering must be used (per reference schematics).

注注

The configuration of the V

DD_A

and V

DD_X

regulators are not independent from each other.

The V

DD_X

output current should not exceed 20 mA.

By default, the regulators are set in automatic regulator setting mode. In this mode, the regulators are

automatically set every time the system is activated by setting EN input High or each time the automatic

regulator setting bit, B7 in register 0x0B is set to a 1. The action is started on the 0 to 1 transition. This

means that, if the user wants to rerun the automatic setting from a state in which the automatic setting bit

is already high, the automatic setting bit (B7 in register 0x0B) should be changed: 1-0-1.

By default, the regulator setting algorithm sets the regulator outputs to a "Delta Voltage" of 400 mV below

, but not higher than 5 V for V

DD_RF

and 3.4 V for V

DD_A

and V

DD_A

TRF7970A

ZHCS363L –AUGUST 2011–REVISED MARCH 2017

www.ti.com.cn

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(1) x = Don't care

6.3.2 Supply Regulator Settings

The input supply voltage mode of the reader needs to be selected. This is done in the Chip Status Control

configuration is 5 V, which reflects an operating supply voltage range of 4.3 V to 5.5 V. If the supply

voltage is below 4.3 V, the 3-V configuration should be used.

As V

DD_RF

is increased, the system can become more susceptible to noise coupling on the RX lines. For

minimum noise coupling, TI recommends using the value of 0x00. For improved range, higher V

DD_RF

voltages may be set, but complete system testing is required to determine the value which provides

optimal performance.

The various regulators can be configured to operate in automatic or manual mode. This is done in the

Regulator and I/O Control register (0x0B), as shown in 表 6-1 and 表 6-2.

表表 6-1. Supply Regulator Setting: 5-V System

ADDRESS

(hex)

OPTION BITS SETTING IN REGULATOR CONTROL REGISTER

(1)

COMMENTS

B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0

Automatic Mode (default)

0B 1 x x x x x 0 0 Automatic regulator setting 400-mV difference

Manual Mode

0B 0 x x x x 1 1 1 V

DD_RF

= 5 V, V

DD_A

= 3.4 V, V

DD_X

= 3.4 V

0B 0 x x x x 1 1 0 V

DD_RF

= 4.9 V, V

DD_A

= 3.4 V, V

DD_X

= 3.4 V

0B 0 x x x x 1 0 1 V

DD_RF

= 4.8 V, V

DD_A

= 3.4 V, V

DD_X

= 3.4 V

0B 0 x x x x 1 0 0 V

DD_RF

= 4.7 V, V

DD_A

= 3.4 V, V

DD_X

= 3.4 V

0B 0 x x x x 0 1 1 V

DD_RF

= 4.6 V, V

DD_A

= 3.4 V, V

DD_X

= 3.4 V

0B 0 x x x x 0 1 0 V

DD_RF

= 4.5 V, V

DD_A

= 3.4 V, V

DD_X

= 3.4 V

0B 0 x x x x 0 0 1 V

DD_RF

= 4.4 V, V

DD_A

= 3.4 V, V

DD_X

= 3.4 V

0B 0 x x x x 0 0 0 V

DD_RF

= 4.3 V, V

DD_A

= 3.4 V, V

DD_X

= 3.4 V

(1) x = Don't care

表表 6-2. Supply Regulator Setting: 3-V System

ADDRESS

(hex)

OPTION BITS SETTING IN REGULATOR CONTROL REGISTER

(1)

COMMENTS

B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0

Automatic Mode (default)

0B 1 x x x x x 0 0 Automatic regulator setting 400-mV difference

Manual Mode

0B 0 x x x x 1 1 1 V

DD_RF

= 3.4 V, V

DD_A

= 3.4 V, V

DD_X

= 3.4 V

0B 0 x x x x 1 1 0 V

DD_RF

= 3.3 V, V

DD_A

= 3.3 V, V

DD_X

= 3.3 V

0B 0 x x x x 1 0 1 V

DD_RF

= 3.2 V, V

DD_A

= 3.2 V, V

DD_X

= 3.2 V

0B 0 x x x x 1 0 0 V

DD_RF

= 3.1 V, V

DD_A

= 3.1 V, V

DD_X

= 3.1 V

0B 0 x x x x 0 1 1 V

DD_RF

= 3.0 V, V

DD_A

= 3.0 V, V

DD_X

= 3.0 V

0B 0 x x x x 0 1 0 V

DD_RF

= 2.9 V, V

DD_A

= 2.9 V, V

DD_X

= 2.9 V

0B 0 x x x x 0 0 1 V

DD_RF

= 2.8 V, V

DD_A

= 2.8 V, V

DD_X

= 2.8 V

0B 0 x x x x 0 0 0 V

DD_RF

= 2.7 V, V

DD_A

= 2.7 V, V

DD_X

= 2.7 V

The regulator configuration function adjusts the regulator outputs by default to 400 mV below V

level, but

not higher than 5 V for V

DD_RF

, 3.4 V for V

DD_A

and V

DD_X

. This ensures the highest possible supply

voltage for the RF output stage while maintaining an adequate PSRR (power supply rejection ratio).

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TRF7970A：13.56MHz RFID与NFC全集成收发器

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