PCIe 3.0多板链路信号完整性实验与仿真研究

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本文主要探讨了"多板链路中PCIe 3.0信号完整性分析与仿真"这一主题,针对PCIe 3.0协议规格(PCI Express Base Specification Revision 3.0)下高速数据传输的挑战。PCIe 3.0标准因其高达16 Gbps的传输速率,使得电子系统设计师在设计多板(或多板)连接时面临信号质量保持和传输距离优化的问题。设计者需要确保在复杂的系统架构中,信号能够稳定且无失真地穿越多个电路板和接口。 文章首先介绍了PCIe技术在现代电子系统中的广泛应用,特别是在需要高速、宽带和点对点传输的应用场景中。为了满足工程实际需求,作者构建了一个基于背板的实验平台,专门针对PCIe的传输链路进行了模型建立、设计和信号完整性(SI)的仿真分析。在这个过程中,作者强调了对信号完整性的重要性,尤其是在长距离传输情况下,信号可能会受到各种因素的影响,如噪声、反射和串扰等。 文章的关键技术点包括: 1. PCIe 3.0信号模型:构建准确的信号模型对于仿真至关重要,它能模拟真实环境中的信号行为,帮助预测潜在的问题。 2. SI仿真:通过仿真工具,如电路仿真软件,评估信号在多板传输过程中的完整性,识别可能的信号畸变或衰减。 3. 眼图分析:这是一种直观的方法,用于检查信号的质量,特别是上升沿和下降沿的清晰度,以确保数据的正确接收。 4. 背板系统设计:研究如何优化背板设计,如布线策略、屏蔽技术和阻抗控制,以提高信号传输的可靠性。 通过深入的理论研究和实践仿真,本文为解决大型电子系统中PCIe 3.0信号在跨板传输中的信号完整性问题提供了实用的设计指导,对于提升系统性能、减少设计风险具有重要的实际价值。这对于电子系统工程师来说,是一项不可或缺的技术参考,有助于他们在实际项目中实现高效、可靠的PCIe信号传递。
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OBJECTIVE OF THE SPECIFICATION.................................................................................... 27 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION ................................................................................................ 27 DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS...................................................................................... 28 TERMS AND ACRONYMS........................................................................................................ 29 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS...................................................................................................... 36 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 37 1.1. A THIRD GENERATION I/O INTERCONNECT ................................................................... 37 1.2. PCI EXPRESS LINK......................................................................................................... 39 1.3. PCI EXPRESS FABRIC TOPOLOGY .................................................................................. 41 1.3.1. Root Complex........................................................................................................ 41 1.3.2. Endpoints .............................................................................................................. 42 1.3.3. Switch.................................................................................................................... 45 1.3.4. Root Complex Event Collector.............................................................................. 46 1.3.5. PCI Express to PCI/PCI-X Bridge........................................................................ 46 1.4. PCI EXPRESS FABRIC TOPOLOGY CONFIGURATION....................................................... 46 1.5. PCI EXPRESS LAYERING OVERVIEW.............................................................................. 47 1.5.1. Transaction Layer................................................................................................. 48 1.5.2. Data Link Layer .................................................................................................... 48 1.5.3. Physical Layer ...................................................................................................... 49 1.5.4. Layer Functions and Services............................................................................... 49 2. TRANSACTION LAYER SPECIFICATION ..................................................................... 53 2.1. TRANSACTION LAYER OVERVIEW.................................................................................. 53 2.1.1. Address Spaces, Transaction Types, and Usage................................................... 54 2.1.2. Packet Format Overview ...................................................................................... 56 2.2. TRANSACTION LAYER PROTOCOL - PACKET DEFINITION............................................... 58 2.2.1. Common Packet Header Fields ............................................................................ 58 2.2.2. TLPs with Data Payloads - Rules ......................................................................... 61 2.2.3. TLP Digest Rules .................................................................................................. 65 2.2.4. Routing and Addressing Rules .............................................................................. 65 2.2.5. First/Last DW Byte Enables Rules........................................................................ 69 2.2.6. Transaction Descriptor......................................................................................... 71 2.2.7. Memory, I/O, and Configuration Request Rules................................................... 77 2.2.8. Message Request Rules......................................................................................... 83 2.2.9. Completion Rules.................................................................................................. 97 2.2.10. TLP Prefix Rules ................................................................................................. 100 2.3. HANDLING OF RECEIVED TLPS.................................................................................... 104