Linux入门全攻略：8本指南认证实战手册

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《Linux All-in-One For Dummies》第六版是一本面向初学者和经验丰富的Linux用户编写的实用指南集合。本书由Emmett Dulaney撰写，共包含八个独立但相互关联的迷你手册，旨在提供全面而快速的参考，帮助读者掌握Linux的基础知识、安装配置以及实际应用。该书的核心内容涵盖了以下几个方面： 1. **安装与配置**：作者首先介绍了Linux系统的安装流程，无论是从零开始的新手还是希望升级现有系统的人，都能找到适合自己的章节。章节详细解释了不同Linux发行版（如Ubuntu、Red Hat、Debian等）的安装步骤，以及如何调整系统设置以满足个性化需求。 2. **基础操作**：涵盖了Linux的基本操作，包括文件管理、目录结构、命令行工具（如bash shell）、文本编辑器（如vim或nano）的使用，以及对Linux终端的深入理解。 3. **网络与安全**：这部分内容介绍如何连接到网络，配置网络设置，以及保护系统免受安全威胁，包括防火墙和密码管理。 4. **系统管理**：涵盖了系统维护、软件包管理（如apt、yum）、用户和权限管理，以及备份与恢复策略。 5. **服务器部署**：对于那些希望在Linux上构建服务器环境的读者，本书会讲解如何搭建Web服务器、邮件服务器、数据库服务器等，并涉及虚拟化技术，如LXC和KVM。 6. **开发环境**：针对开发者，书中会介绍如何配置开发工具，如Git、Python、Java等，以及Linux下的编程环境设置。 7. **认证准备**：为了帮助读者提升专业技能，本书还特别关注Linux Professional Institute (LPI)的认证考试。书中提供了考试策略和技巧，以及复习资料，确保读者能顺利通过认证。 8. **实用性与扩展性**：最后，本书还强调了Linux的灵活性和可扩展性，如何将其与其他技术（如云计算、容器技术）结合使用，以适应不断变化的技术环境。《Linux All-in-One For Dummies》是一本既适合自学又可用于培训的综合性资源，无论你是想深入学习Linux，还是寻求解决问题的实用技巧，都能从中受益匪浅。同时，它的编写风格轻松易懂，适合所有层次的读者阅读。

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xvi Linux All-in-One For Dummies

BOOK 8: LINUX CERTIFICATION ..............................477

CHAPTER 1: Studying for the LinuxEssentials

Certication Exam

......................................479

Overview of Linux Essentials ..................................479

The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source ..............480

Finding Your Way on a Linux System ...........................482

The Power of the Command Line ..............................483

The Linux Operating System ..................................485

Security and File Permissions .................................486

CHAPTER 2: Studying for the CompTIA Linux+ Powered

by LPI Certication Exams

............................489

Overview of the CompTIA Linux+ Exams ........................489

System Architecture .........................................490

LinuxInstallationandPackageManagement ....................492

GNU and Unix Commands ....................................494

Devices, Linux File Systems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard .......495

Shells, Scripting, and Data Management ........................497

User Interfaces and Desktops .................................498

Administrative Tasks .........................................500

Essential System Services .....................................501

Networking Fundamentals ....................................502

Security ....................................................504

CHAPTER 3: Other Linux Certications ............................507

Vendor-NeutralCertications .................................507

Vendor-SpecicCertications .................................508

INDEX ..............................................................509

Introduction 1

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Introduction

inux is truly amazing when you consider how it originated and how it

continues to evolve. From its modest beginning as the hobby of one person—

Linus Torvalds of Finland— Linux has grown into a full-edged operating

system with features that rival those of any commercial Unix operating system.

To top it o, Linux— with all its source code— is available free to anyone. All

you have to do is download it from an Internet site or get it on CDs or a DVD for a

nominal fee from one of many Linux CD vendors.

Linux certainly is an exception to the rule that “you get what you pay for.” Even

though Linux is free, it’s no slouch when it comes to performance, features, and

reliability. The robustness of Linux has to do with the way it is developed and

updated. Developers around the world collaborate to add features. Incremental

versions are continually downloaded by users and tested in a variety of system

congurations. Linux revisions go through much more rigorous beta testing than

any commercial software does.

Since the release of Linux kernel 1.0 on March 14, 1994, the number of Linux

users around the world has grown exponentially. Many Linux distributions —

combinations of the operating system with applications and installation

tools — have been developed to simplify installation and use. Some Linux

distributions are commercially sold and supported, while many continue to be

freely available.

Linux, unlike many freely available software programs, comes with extensive

online information on topics such as installing and conguring the operating sys-

tem for a wide variety of PCs and peripherals. A small group of hard-core Linux

users are expert enough to productively use Linux with the online documentation

alone. A much larger number of users, however, move to Linux with some specic

purpose in mind (such as setting up a web server or learning Linux). Also, many

Linux users use their systems at home. For these new users, the online documen-

tation is not easy to use and typically does not cover the specic uses of Linux that

each user may have in mind.

If you’re beginning to use Linux, what you need is a practical guide that not only

gets you going with Linux installation and setup, but also shows you how to use

Linux for a specic task. You may also want to try out dierent Linux distributions

before settling on one.

2 Linux All-in-One For Dummies

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About This Book

Linux All-in-One For Dummies gives you eight quick-reference guides in a single

book. Taken together, these eight minibooks provide detailed information on

installing, conguring, and using Linux, as well as pointers for passing the vendor-

neutral certication exams available from the Linux Professional Institute (LPI) to

authenticate your skills.

What you’ll like most about this book is that you don’t have to sequentially read

the whole thing chapter by chapter — or even read through each section in a

chapter. You can pretty much turn to the topic you want and quickly get the

answer to your pressing questions about Linux, whether they’re about using the

LibreOce.org word processor, setting up the Apache web server, or a wide range

of topics.

Here are some of the things you can do with this book:

Install and congure Linux using the information given in this book.

Connect the Linux PC to the Internet through a DSL or cable modem.

Add a wireless Ethernet to your existing network.

Get tips, techniques, and shortcuts for specic uses of Linux, such as

•

Setting up and using Internet services

•

Setting up a Windows server using Samba

•

Using Linux commands

•

Using shell programming

•

Using the LibreOce.org oce suite and other applications that come with

Linux

Understand the basics of system and network security.

Perform system administration tasks.

I use a simple notational style in this book. All listings, lenames, function names,

variable names, and keywords are typeset in a

monospace font for ease of reading.

I italicize the rst occurrences of new terms and concepts and then provide a def-

inition right there. I show typed commands in boldface. The output of commands

and any listing of les are shown in a

monospace font.

Topics that correspond to the certication objectives are important after you’ve

become comfortable enough with the operating system to consider taking the cer-

tication exams. As we discuss the material, Tips draw your attention to the key

concepts and topics tested in the LX0-103 and LX0-104 exams (both of which you

Introduction 3

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must pass to become certied by the Linux Professional Institute). Note, though,

that not all Tips indicate material that’s on the exams; I also share other types of

information in Tips.

If you are a novice to Linux, overlook the certication objective information as

you read. Only after you become comfortable with the operating system, and are

considering authenticating your skills by taking the LPI exams, should you revisit

the book and look for this information.

Each minibook zeros in on a specic task area— such as using the Internet or

running Internet servers— and then provides hands-on instructions on how to

perform a series of related tasks. You can jump right to a section and read about a

specic task. You don’t have to read anything but the few paragraphs or the list of

steps that relate to your question. Use the Table of Contents or the Index to locate

the pages relevant to your question.

You can safely ignore text next to the Technical Stu icons, as well as text in side-

bars. However, if you’re the kind of person who likes to know some of the hidden

details of how Linux works, then, by all means, dig into the Technical Stu icons

and the sidebars.

Foolish Assumptions

I assume that you’re familiar with a PC— you know how to turn it on and o and

you’ve dabbled with Windows. (Considering that most new PCs come preloaded

with Windows, this assumption is safe, right?) And I assume that you know how

to use some Windows applications, such as Microsoft Oce.

When installing Linux on your PC, you may want to retain your Windows instal-

lations. I assume that you don’t mind shrinking the Windows partition to make

room for Linux. For this procedure, you can invest in a good disk-partitioning tool

or use one of the partitioning tools included with most Linux distributions.

I also assume that you’re willing to accept the risk that when you try to install

Linux, some things may not quite work. Problems can happen if you have some

uncommon types of hardware. If you’re afraid of ruining your system, try nding

a slightly older, spare Pentium PC that you can sacrice and then install Linux on

that PC.

Linux All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies has eight minibooks, each of which

focuses on a small set of related topics. If you’re looking for information on a

specic topic, check the minibook names on the thumbtabs or consult the Table

of Contents.

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Linux入门全攻略：8本指南认证实战手册

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