ANSI-C形式验证工具：Bounded Model Checker

ANSI-C
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"ANSI-C_Bounded_Model_Checker UserManual EdmundClarke DanielKroening August2,2006 SchoolofComputerScience CarnegieMellonUniversity Pittsburgh,PA15213" ANSI-C Bounded Model Checker (ANSI-C BMC) 是一个用于正式验证ANSI-C程序的工具。该工具的核心技术是Bounded Model Checking（BMC），它是一种在形式验证中的方法，特别适用于检查程序的正确性。在BMC中，复杂的状态机及其规范被联合展开成一个布尔公式，然后通过 SAT（Satisfiability modulo Theories）求解器来判断该公式是否可满足，即程序是否存在错误。 ANSI-C BMC 支持完整的ANSI-C整数运算符，包括所有的指针构造，如动态内存分配、指针算术和指针类型转换。这意味着它可以处理那些涉及到内存管理和复杂指针操作的程序，这些往往是引发错误的常见源头。 形式验证是一种确保软件在执行前无错误的技术，它不同于传统的测试方法，因为形式验证提供的是数学上的保证，而不仅仅是通过特定输入测试。通过BMC，工具能够检查程序在某个预设的步数（或“界限”）内是否遵循其预定的行为。如果在有限的步数内发现错误，那么该错误在实际运行中也一定会出现。如果在界限内没有找到错误，这并不意味着程序完全无误，而是意味着在当前的界限内未发现错误，可能需要增加界限以进一步检查。 这个研究由多个机构赞助，包括半导体研究公司（SRC）、国家科学基金会（NSF）、海军研究办公室（ONR）、海军研究实验室（NRL）以及国防高级研究计划局和陆军研究办公室（ARO）。这反映了该领域的重要性以及各组织对确保软件安全性和可靠性的投入。 文档中的观点和结论代表了作者的研究成果，并不直接反映资助机构的立场。ANSI-C BMC 的使用可以帮助开发者在编码阶段就发现潜在的错误，从而提高软件质量和可靠性，减少因程序缺陷导致的问题。这对于关键领域的软件开发，如军事、航空航天和嵌入式系统等，尤为重要。

cpp checker

2015-09-20 上传
========= Cppcheck ========= About The original name of this program is "C++check" but it was later changed to "cppcheck". Manual A manual is available online: http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net/manual.pdf Compiling Any C++11 compiler should work. For compilers with partial C++11 support it may work. If your compiler has the C++11 features that are available in Visual Studio 2010 then it will work. If nullptr is not supported by your compiler then this can be emulated using the header lib/cxx11emu.h. To build the GUI, you need Qt. When building the command line tool, PCRE is optional. It is used if you build with rules. There are multiple compilation choices: * qmake - cross platform build tool * cmake - cross platform build tool * Windows: Visual Studio * Windows: Qt Creator + mingw * gnu make * g++ 4.6 (or later) * clang++ qmake ===== You can use the gui/gui.pro file to build the GUI. cd gui qmake make Visual Studio ============= Use the cppcheck.sln file. The file is configured for Visual Studio 2013, but the platform toolset can be changed easily to older or newer versions. The solution contains platform targets for both x86 and x64. To compile with rules, select "Release-PCRE" or "Debug-PCRE" configuration. pcre.lib (pcre64.lib for x64 builds) and pcre.h are expected to be in /extlibs then. Qt Creator + mingw ================== The PCRE dll is needed to build the CLI. It can be downloaded here: http://software-download.name/pcre-library-windows/ gnu make ======== Simple build (no dependencies): make The recommended release build is: make SRCDIR=build CFGDIR=cfg HAVE_RULES=yes Flags: SRCDIR=build : Python is used to optimise cppcheck CFGDIR=cfg : Specify folder where .cfg files are found HAVE_RULES=yes : Enable rules (pcre is required if this is used) g++ (for experts) ================= If you just want to build Cppcheck without dependencies then you can use this command: g++ -o cppcheck -std=c++0x -include lib/cxx11emu.h -Iexternals/tinyxml -Ilib cli/*.cpp lib/*.cpp externals/tinyxml/*.cpp If you want to use --rule and --rule-file then dependencies are needed: g++ -o cppcheck -std=c++0x -include lib/cxx11emu.h -lpcre -DHAVE_RULES -Ilib -Iexternals/tinyxml cli/*.cpp lib/*.cpp externals/tinyxml/*.cpp mingw ===== The "LDFLAGS=-lshlwapi" is needed when building with mingw mingw32-make LDFLAGS=-lshlwapi other compilers/ide =================== 1. Create a empty project file / makefile. 2. Add all cpp files in the cppcheck cli and lib folders to the project file / makefile. 3. Compile. Cross compiling Win32 (CLI) version of Cppcheck in Linux sudo apt-get install mingw32 make CXX=i586-mingw32msvc-g++ LDFLAGS="-lshlwapi" mv cppcheck cppcheck.exe Webpage http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net/

MISRA C Rule Checker

2009-02-11 上传
SQMlint statically checks C source codes to find codes that deviate from any of MISRA C1 rules. The MISRA C rules are guidelines and can be used as inspection items of source code review. Some deviations from the rules can be detected by inspection tools. SQMlint checks C source codes against each of the MISRA C rules, and reports where codes deviate from any of the rules, thereby assisting you in source code review. The titles of MISRA C rules described in this manual, as well as the MISRA C rule inspection items for the MISRA C Rule Checker are based on the “Guidelines for the Use of the C Language in Vehicle Based Software” issued by MISRA.

C语言规则检查工具CChecker.pdf

2021-09-30 上传
C语言规则检查工具CChecker.pdf

Failed cleaning build dir for numpy Failed to build numpy Installing collected packages: numpy Running setup.py install for numpy ... error Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-h5_vrlht/numpy/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-3koy23ws-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --user --prefix=: Running from numpy source directory. Note: if you need reliable uninstall behavior, then install with pip instead of using `setup.py install`: - `pip install .` (from a git repo or downloaded source release) - `pip install numpy` (last NumPy release on PyPi) Cythonizing sources Error compiling Cython file: ------------------------------------------------------------ ... cdef sfc64_state rng_state def __init__(self, seed=None): BitGenerator.__init__(self, seed) self._bitgen.state = <void *>&self.rng_state self._bitgen.next_uint64 = &sfc64_uint64 ^ ------------------------------------------------------------ _sfc64.pyx:90:35: Cannot assign type 'uint64_t (*)(void *) except? -1 nogil' to 'uint64_t (*)(void *) noexcept nogil' numpy/random/_bounded_integers.pxd.in has not changed Processing numpy/random/_sfc64.pyx Traceback (most recent call last): File "/tmp/pip-build-h5_vrlht/numpy/tools/cythonize.py", line 235, in <module> main() File "/tmp/pip-build-h5_vrlht/numpy/tools/cythonize.py", line 231, in main find_process_files(root_dir) File "/tmp/pip-build-h5_vrlht/numpy/tools/cythonize.py", line 222, in find_process_files process(root_dir, fromfile, tofile, function, hash_db) File "/tmp/pip-build-h5_vrlht/numpy/tools/cythonize.py", line 188, in process processor_function(fromfile, tofile) File "/tmp/pip-build-h5_vrlht/numpy/tools/cythonize.py", line 78, in process_pyx [sys.executable, '-m', 'cython'] + flags + ["-o", tofile, fromfile]) File "/usr/lib/python3.6/subprocess.py", line 311, in check_call raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd) subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['/usr/bin/python3', '-m', 'cython', '-3', '--fast-fail', '-o', '_sfc64.c', '_sfc64.pyx']' returned non-zero exit status 1. Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 1, in <module> File "/tmp/pip-build-h5_vrlht/numpy/setup.py", line 508, in <module> setup_package() File "/tmp/pip-build-h5_vrlht/numpy/setup.py", line 488, in setup_package generate_cython() File "/tmp/pip-build-h5_vrlht/numpy/setup.py", line 285, in generate_cython raise RuntimeError("Running cythonize failed!") RuntimeError: Running cythonize failed! ---------------------------------------- Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-h5_vrlht/numpy/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-3koy23ws-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --user --prefix=" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-h5_vrlht/numpy/

2023-07-25 上传
您遇到了安装numpy时的错误。根据错误日志，问题出现在运行Cython编译器时。这可能是由于Cython版本不兼容或其他配置问题导致的。 您可以尝试以下解决方案： 1. 确保您使用的是最新版本的pip和setuptools。...

题目描述： 给定一个数组，其中第 i 个元素表示某个地方的高度。假设它下雨了，地面积满了水，请计算出它能够接住多少雨水。 示例： 输入: 输出: 6 解释：在位置2、3、5、6、8、10处可以接住雨水，因此总共能接住6个单位的雨水。 思路： 这道题可以用单调栈来解决。具体做法如下： 从左到右遍历数组，对于每个元素，如果栈为空或者当前元素小于等于栈顶元素，则将当前元素入栈。 否则，弹出栈顶元素，直到栈为空或者当前元素小于等于栈顶元素。每次弹出栈顶元素时，计算当前元素与弹出元素之间形成的凹槽可以容纳的雨水量，并将结果累加到答案中。 将当前元素入栈。 从右到左再执行一遍上述过程，得到从右到左的答案。 最终答案即为从左到右和从右到左的答案之和。代码实现

2023-05-24 上传
bounded_height = min(height[i], height[left_stack[-1]]) - height[top] ans += distance * bounded_height left_stack.append(i) # 从右到左遍历 for i in range(n-1, -1, -1): while right_stack and ...

提供一份完整代码来帮我通过qt完成残缺棋盘可视化问题

2023-06-04 上传
tile->setPos((x + QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(size - 1)) * CELL_SIZE, (y + QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(size - 1)) * CELL_SIZE); scene->addItem(tile); // 分成4个部分，递归求解 int ...

请写一段图像去雾后处理代码

2023-03-02 上传
img_dehazed = np.divide(img_normalized - A_est_normalized, np.stack([t_est_bounded]*3, axis=2)) + A_est_normalized # 5. 调整亮度 img_dehazed = np.clip(img_dehazed * 255, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8) ...

qt实现产生六个随机数分别显示在六个textlabel控件上

2023-04-08 上传
numbers[i] = QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(1, 49); } // 将随机数显示在textlabel控件上 ui->label_num1->setText(QString::number(numbers[0])); ui->label_num2->setText(QString::number(numbers[1]))...

QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(valueMax / (qreal) valueCount);

2024-10-04 上传
`QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(valueMax / (qreal) valueCount)` 是 `QRandomGenerator` 类的一个功能，它用于生成一个在0到指定上限（`valueMax`）之间的随机整数，这个上限是按照给定的元素数量（`value...

用python构造样本大小n = 10的情况下，theta=0.7的服从伯努利分布的样本进行极大似然估计，估计出区间估计以及theta在区间的概率

2023-04-07 上传
result = minimize_scalar(lambda theta: -likelihood(theta, sample), bounds=(0, 1), method='bounded') theta_hat = result.x ``` 得到估计值 `theta_hat` 后，可以计算出置信区间： ``` alpha = 0.05 z = 1.96...
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