J2ME蓝牙编程入门与基础示例

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本篇文档是André N. Klingsheim撰写的关于"J2ME蓝牙编程"的硕士论文，发表于2004年6月30日，由University of Bergen的Informatics系提供。论文主要探讨了在移动设备上开发Java Bluetooth应用所需的关键技术和工具，如Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME)和Java APIs for Bluetooth Wireless Technology (JABWT)。 J2ME是针对嵌入式设备优化的Java平台，它简化了开发者在资源受限的移动设备上编写和运行应用程序的过程。而JABWT则提供了Java API，使开发者能够利用蓝牙技术进行设备间的数据传输、设备发现以及服务查找等功能。论文的目的是为了弥补当时市场上关于JABWT编程书籍的一个常见问题，即许多教程对简单功能的解释过于复杂，使得初学者难以入门。论文不仅详细介绍了JABWT的基础架构，还提供了实际的代码示例，展示了JABWT的功能特性。作者旨在为读者提供一个清晰、基础的JABWT入门指南，以便他们在深入了解更复杂的蓝牙编程技术之前，能够掌握基本概念和操作。通过阅读这篇论文，读者可以了解到如何使用Java进行蓝牙设备的搜索（inquiry）和服务发现，理解如何设计和实现简单的蓝牙通信应用。此外，论文还可能涵盖了蓝牙设备配对、数据交换、以及如何利用JABWT提供的服务类（如javax.bluetooth.*包中的类）来构建功能丰富的蓝牙应用。这篇硕士论文对于希望涉足J2ME蓝牙编程的开发者来说是一份宝贵的参考资料，它不仅提供了理论知识，还提供了实用的开发技巧，有助于新手快速理解和上手蓝牙技术在移动设备上的应用开发。

1 Introduction

Wireless technologies are becoming more and more popular around the world.

Consumers appreciate the wireless lifestyle, relieving them of the well known “cable

chaos” that tends to grow under their desk. Nowadays, the world would virtually stop

if wireless communications suddenly became unavailable. Both our way of life and

the global economy are highly dependent on the flow of information through wireless

mediums like television and radio. Cellphones have become highly available during

the last decade. Now virtually everyone owns a cellphone, making people available

almost wherever they are. Many companies are highly dependent on their employees

having cellphones, some companies have even decided not to employ stationary

phone systems but instead use cellphones exclusively throughout the organization.

New wireless technologies are introduced at an increasing rate. During the last few

years the IEEE 802.11 [1] technologies have started to spread rapidly, enabling

consumers to set up their own wireless networks. This constitutes an important

change in how wireless communications are made available to consumers. Wireless

networks are no longer provided by big corporations alone, they can just as well be

implemented by individuals. Our society is becoming more and more dependent on

wireless communications as new areas of use are introduced.

The Bluetooth wireless technology is also spreading rapidly. The number of

Bluetooth chipsets shipped per year has doubled from 2002 to a total of 69 million

chipsets in 2003 [2]. The majority of these Bluetooth chipsets are used in mobile

phones. An interesting aspect is that consumers are highly dependent on having a

cellphone, and the Bluetooth technology is included in the majority of new

cellphones. The Bluetooth technology will therefore spread because of the general

need for cellphones. As an increasing number of useful Bluetooth applications

become available, many consumers will already have Bluetooth devices and be ready

to start using Bluetooth PANs (Personal Area Networks) where all their Bluetooth

devices communicate with one another [3].

The number of Java enabled mobile phones worldwide is over 250 million according

to a press release from Sun (dated February 19, 2004) titled: “Java technology is

everywhere, surpasses 1.5 billion devices worldwide” [4]. The number of Java

enabled mobile phones will continue to increase. Nokia states that they have already

shipped tens of millions Java enabled handsets and that most of their new handset

models announced will support Java [5].

Java enabled mobile phones have already been on the market for some years. Due to

the very resource constrained mobile phones available a few years ago, Java

applications were not very sophisticated and did not hit the mass-market the way

many had hoped. As seen in the rest of the software and hardware industry, games

play an important role in driving the development of both hardware and software

forward. It is therefore interesting to see that a large market has emerged lately for

2 Chapter 1 Introduction

Java games targeting mobile devices. Processing power, available memory, screen

size, and screen resolution are increasing as new Java enabled mobile devices enter

the market. Newly released Java applications are accordingly sophisticated, and will

help to spread the Java technology usage even further.

The Java APIs for Bluetooth Wireless Technology (JABWT) ties the Java technology

and the Bluetooth technology together. JABWT is made available in some of the

latest smartphones and will probably be available also in low-end cellphones in the

future. One can easily imagine different scenarios where JABWT would be useful,

e.g. the functionality of existing Java games is extended to support multi-player

games using Bluetooth connectivity. Other interesting scenarios emerge as well, such

as a consumer using a Java Bluetooth enabled mobile phone to pay for a soda by

connecting to a Bluetooth enabled soda vending-machine. A good prediction is that

JABWT will first find its use in multi-player Java games, making the Java and

Bluetooth technologies well-known to consumers. Thereafter we will probably see

other types of Java Bluetooth applications, such as small-amount payment

applications.

At the time of writing there are only two books discussing JABWT [6], [7]. These

books provide quite complex code samples for Java Bluetooth programming, making

it hard to grasp how JABWT is used. There are a few discussion boards with high

activity on the Internet where developers help each other [8], [9], [10]. Although

discussion boards may help developers with a specific problem, they usually do not

give a sufficient overview of the technology. This thesis gives a broad overview of

Java and Bluetooth technologies before discussing JABWT and its details. Code

samples are provided, showing how JABWT specific code is used in a J2ME

application. The amount of J2ME specific code is kept at a minimum in order to draw

attention to what is really important, namely the JABWT specific code.

The intended audience for this thesis are students working with Java and Bluetooth

technologies, and Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) application developers seeking

knowledge about the Bluetooth technology and JABWT. It is assumed that the reader

is familiar with the J2ME technology. Individuals whom are unfamiliar with any of

the technologies discussed should not expect to understand all the details in this

thesis. However, they will get a broad overview and may use this thesis as a starting

point for their studies on the involved technologies. References to in-depth

information are included throughout the thesis, enabling the interested reader to

quickly find relevant background information.

1.1 Structure of thesis

This thesis will give an introduction to the J2ME technology, the Bluetooth

technology, and JABWT available in mobile devices. The infrastructure used when

developing JABWT applications will be described. Programming with J2ME and

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