802.11ay无线标准详解：2021高吞吐量版

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"802.11ay协议标准是2021年发布的一个官方标准，由IEEE Computer Society的局域网/城域网标准委员会制定，作为对802.11标准的增强版，特别是针对45GHz以上的免许可频段，提升无线局域网（WLAN）的吞吐量。该标准是802.11ax的进一步扩展，旨在提供更高的数据传输速率和效率。" 802.11ay协议标准是无线局域网（WLAN）技术发展中的一个重要里程碑，它是在802.11ac和802.11ax之后的最新进展。这个标准主要关注在免许可的高频段（通常指60GHz的毫米波频率）提供显著增强的数据传输性能。以下是802.11ay协议的关键知识点： 1. 频谱利用：802.11ay工作在60GHz频段，利用了更宽的信道带宽，通常可以达到2.16GHz，比802.11ad的26GHz信道宽度有所增加。这为高速率传输提供了可能。 2. 多路复用技术：802.11ay采用了正交频分多址（OFDMA）和空间多工（MIMO）技术，允许多个设备同时传输数据，提高网络容量和效率。 3. 数据速率：由于更大的信道带宽和优化的编码方案，802.11ay的理论最高速率可达到几十Gbps，远高于802.11ac和802.11ax的速率。 4. 增强型物理层（PHY）：802.11ay引入了新的PHY技术，如更高阶调制（例如1024-QAM），以提高每个符号携带的信息量，同时改进信号处理算法以减少干扰和提高接收灵敏度。 5. 穿透损耗补偿：在高频段工作，802.11ay必须面对较大的穿透损耗。为此，协议采用了波束成形技术，通过定向发射和接收来增强信号，从而补偿高频率下的传播损失。 6. 动态频率选择（DFS）和自适应跳频：由于60GHz频段的信道容易受到微波炉和其他射频设备的干扰，802.11ay支持DFS和自适应跳频机制，确保通信的稳定性和可靠性。 7. 低延迟：针对高带宽应用（如虚拟现实、增强现实和实时视频流），802.11ay设计时考虑了低延迟需求，优化了MAC层和PHY层的交互，以减少传输时延。 8. 距离与覆盖范围：尽管802.11ay在短距离内可以实现高速传输，但由于高频信号的传播特性，其覆盖范围相对较小。因此，它更适合于室内环境或短距离通信场景。 9. 互操作性：802.11ay与之前的802.11标准兼容，保证了与现有设备的互操作性，用户可以在不牺牲连接性的前提下享受更快的速度。 802.11ay协议标准代表了无线通信技术的前沿，为未来的高速、低延迟无线网络应用奠定了基础，特别是在物联网（IoT）、高清视频传输、云计算和游戏等领域具有广泛的应用前景。

10.25.6.5 Generation and transmission of BlockAck frames by an HT STA,

DMG STA, or S1G STA...................................................................... 257

10.25.6.6 Receive reordering buffer control operation........................................ 258

10.25.6.7 Originator’s behavior........................................................................... 262

10.25.6.8 Maintaining block ack state at the originator....................................... 266

10.25.7 Protected block ack agreement ................................................................................ 266

10.25.10 Unsolicited block ack extension .............................................................................. 267

10.25.10.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 267

10.25.10.2 Unsolicited block ack extension agreement architecture..................... 267

10.25.10.3 Scoreboard context control during full-state operation ....................... 267

10.25.10.4 Generation and transmission of BlockAck frames .............................. 267

10.25.10.5 Receive reordering buffer control operation........................................ 267

10.25.10.6 Originator behavior and block ack state maintenance ......................... 268

10.27 Protection mechanisms ............................................................................................................ 268

10.27.7 Protection mechanisms for transmissions of EDMG PPDUs.................................. 268

10.29 Reverse direction protocol ....................................................................................................... 269

10.29.1 General..................................................................................................................... 269

10.29.3 Rules for RD initiator .............................................................................................. 269

10.29.4 Rules for RD responder ........................................................................................... 270

10.29.5 Reverse direction for EDMG DL MU-MIMO ........................................................ 272

10.39 DMG and CMMG channel access ........................................................................................... 273

10.39.2 Access periods within a beacon interval.................................................................. 273

10.39.3 ATI transmission rules............................................................................................. 273

10.39.4 DTI transmission rules............................................................................................. 274

10.39.6 Channel access in scheduled DTI ............................................................................ 274

10.39.6.1 General................................................................................................. 274

10.39.6.2 Service period (SP) allocation ............................................................. 275

10.39.7 Dynamic allocation of service period ...................................................................... 281

10.39.7.2 Polling period (PP)............................................................................... 281

10.39.7.3 Grant period (GP) ................................................................................ 281

10.39.12 EDMG channel access ............................................................................................. 282

10.39.12.1 General................................................................................................. 282

10.39.12.2 Channel access over multiple channels ............................................... 282

10.39.12.3 Directional allocation........................................................................... 284

10.39.12.4 MIMO channel access ......................................................................... 284

10.39.12.5 Control trailer....................................................................................... 292

10.39.12.6 “Near-Far” self classification............................................................... 292

10.42 DMG beamforming.................................................................................................................. 293

10.42.1 General..................................................................................................................... 293

10.42.2 Sector-level sweep (SLS) phase .............................................................................. 294

10.42.2.1 General................................................................................................. 294

10.42.2.2 Initiator sector sweep (ISS).................................................................. 295

10.42.2.3 Responder sector sweep (RSS)............................................................ 295

10.42.2.4 Sector sweep (SSW) feedback............................................................. 296

10.42.2.5 SSW ack............................................................................................... 297

10.42.3 Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) phase................................................................. 298

10.42.3.1 General................................................................................................. 298

10.42.4 Beamforming in BTI................................................................................................ 299

10.42.5 Beamforming in A-BFT........................................................................................... 301

10.42.5.1 Allocation of A-BFT............................................................................ 301

10.42.5.2 Operation during the A-BFT................................................................ 302

10.42.5.4 Beamforming in A-BFT with multiple DMG antennas....................... 305

10.42.6 Beamforming in DTI ............................................................................................... 306

10.42.6.2 SLS phase execution............................................................................ 306

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10.42.6.3 Multiple sector ID capture (MIDC) subphase ..................................... 307

10.42.6.4 BRP phase execution ........................................................................... 308

10.42.7 Beam tracking .......................................................................................................... 311

10.42.10 EDMG beamforming ............................................................................................... 315

10.42.10.1 General................................................................................................. 315

10.42.10.2 MIMO beamforming............................................................................ 315

10.42.10.3 Beamforming for asymmetric links ..................................................... 340

10.42.10.4 Group beamforming............................................................................. 342

10.42.10.5 BRP transmit sector sweep (BRP TXSS) ............................................ 343

10.42.10.6 First path beamforming training .......................................................... 356

10.42.10.7 Dual polarization TRN beamforming training..................................... 357

10.42.11 TDD beamforming................................................................................................... 359

10.42.11.1 General................................................................................................. 359

10.42.11.2 Initiator operation for TDD individual beamforming.......................... 361

10.42.11.3 Responder operation for TDD individual beamforming...................... 364

10.42.11.4 Initiator operation for TDD group beamforming................................. 366

10.42.11.5 Responder operation for TDD group beamforming ............................ 370

10.42.11.6 Initiator operation for TDD beam measurement.................................. 371

10.42.11.7 Responder operation for TDD beam measurement ............................. 372

10.43 DMG link adaptation ............................................................................................................... 372

10.43.1 General..................................................................................................................... 372

10.43.2 DMG TPC................................................................................................................ 374

10.43.4 EDMG spatial stream feedback ............................................................................... 375

10.43.5 TDD link maintenance............................................................................................. 375

10.43.6 Extended TPC .......................................................................................................... 376

10.67 EDMG phase hopping and open loop precoding operation..................................................... 377

10.68 EDMG AP or EDMG PCP distributed scheduling protocol operation ................................... 377

10.68.1 General..................................................................................................................... 377

10.68.2 Distributed scheduling initialization ........................................................................ 377

10.68.3 Distributed scheduling protocol............................................................................... 378

10.69 DMG segmentation and reassembly operation ........................................................................ 378

10.69.1 General..................................................................................................................... 378

10.69.2 Segmentation operation ........................................................................................... 380

10.69.3 Reassembly operation .............................................................................................. 380

10.70 EDMG A-MPDU with multiple TIDs ..................................................................................... 380

10.70.1 General..................................................................................................................... 380

10.70.2 Acknowledgment context in a Multi-TID BlockAck frame .................................... 382

11. MLME ................................................................................................................................................. 383

11.1 Synchronization ....................................................................................................................... 383

11.1.1 General..................................................................................................................... 383

11.1.3 Maintaining synchronization ................................................................................... 383

11.1.3.3 Beacon generation in a DMG infrastructure BSS and in a PBSS........ 383

11.1.3.4 DMG Beacon generation before establishment of a BSS.................... 384

11.1.4 Acquiring synchronization, scanning ...................................................................... 384

11.1.4.3 Active scanning and probing procedures............................................. 384

11.1.4.4 Initializing a BSS ................................................................................. 385

11.1.7 TDD time synchronization....................................................................................... 385

11.2 Power management.................................................................................................................. 386

11.2.6 SM power save......................................................................................................... 386

11.2.7 Power management in a PBSS and DMG infrastructure BSS................................. 387

11.2.7.1 General................................................................................................. 387

11.2.7.2 Non-AP and non-PCP STA power management mode ....................... 387

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11.2.7.4 ATIM frame usage for power management of non-AP STAs............. 388

11.2.7.5 MU-MIMO power save ....................................................................... 390

11.4 TS operation............................................................................................................................. 391

11.4.13 DMG allocation formats .......................................................................................... 391

11.4.13.1 General................................................................................................. 391

11.4.13.2 Isochronous allocations........................................................................ 391

11.4.13.3 Asynchronous allocations .................................................................... 392

11.5 Block ack operation ................................................................................................................. 393

11.5.2 Setup and modification of the block ack parameters ............................................... 393

11.5.2.4 Procedure common to both originator and recipient ........................... 393

11.7 TPC procedures........................................................................................................................ 393

11.7.1 General..................................................................................................................... 393

11.8 DFS procedures........................................................................................................................ 394

11.8.8 Selecting and advertising a new channel ................................................................. 394

11.8.8.7 Selecting and advertising new channels in an EDMG BSS................. 394

11.19 Timing advertisement .............................................................................................................. 394

11.19.3 UTC TSF Offset procedures .................................................................................... 394

11.24 Quality-of-service Management frame (QMF)........................................................................ 395

11.24.1 General..................................................................................................................... 395

11.24.1.2 Default QMF policy............................................................................. 395

11.27 DMG beamformed link and BSS maintenance........................................................................ 395

11.27.1 Beamformed link maintenance ................................................................................ 395

11.27.1.1 General................................................................................................. 395

11.27.1.2 EDMG partial SLS............................................................................... 395

11.30 Spatial sharing and interference mitigation for DMG STAs ................................................... 397

11.30.1 General..................................................................................................................... 397

11.30.2 Spatial sharing and interference assessment............................................................ 397

11.30.3 Achieving spatial sharing and interference mitigation ............................................ 398

11.30.5 Directional transmit activity report.......................................................................... 399

11.31 Multi-band operation ............................................................................................................... 400

11.31.1 General..................................................................................................................... 400

11.31.7 Multi-band discovery assistance procedure ............................................................. 400

11.31.7.1 Multi-band discovery assistance request procedure ............................ 400

11.31.7.2 Discovery assistance action determination and on demand sector

sweeping .............................................................................................. 402

11.33 DMG coexistence with non-IEEE-802.11 systems ................................................................. 404

11.36 DMG beamforming.................................................................................................................. 405

11.36.1 Non-TDD beamforming .......................................................................................... 405

11.36.2 TDD beamforming................................................................................................... 406

11.36.3 TDD sector switch procedure .................................................................................. 407

11.36.4 TDD beam measurement ......................................................................................... 411

11.37 DMG MAC sublayer attributes................................................................................................411

11.54 TDD channel access operation ................................................................................................ 411

11.54.1 General..................................................................................................................... 411

11.54.2 TDD channel access life cycle................................................................................. 412

11.54.3 Scheduling for association and secure authentication ............................................. 413

11.54.4 Scheduling for data traffic ....................................................................................... 414

12. Security ................................................................................................................................................ 416

12.6 RSNA security association management................................................................................. 416

12.6.20 Robust management frame selection procedure ...................................................... 416

20. Directional multi-gigabit (DMG) PHY specification .......................................................................... 4

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20.2 DMG PHY service interface.................................................................................................... 417

20.2.2 TXVECTOR and RXVECTOR parameters ............................................................ 417

20.3 Common parameters ................................................................................................................ 417

20.3.9 Scrambler .................................................................................................................417

20.9 Beamforming ........................................................................................................................... 417

20.9.1 Beamforming concept.............................................................................................. 417

20.11 DMG PLME ............................................................................................................................ 418

20.11.4 DMG PHY ............................................................................................................... 418

28. Enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) PHY specification........................................................ 419

28.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 419

28.1.1 Introduction to EDMG PHY.................................................................................... 419

28.1.2 Scope........................................................................................................................ 420

28.1.3 EDMG PHY functions............................................................................................. 420

28.1.3.1 General................................................................................................. 420

28.1.3.2 PHY management entity (PLME)........................................................ 420

28.1.3.3 Service specification method ............................................................... 420

28.1.4 PPDU formats .......................................................................................................... 421

28.2 EDMG PHY service interface ................................................................................................. 421

28.2.1 General..................................................................................................................... 421

28.2.2 TXVECTOR and RXVECTOR parameters ............................................................ 421

28.2.3 PHYCONFIG_VECTOR parameters...................................................................... 439

28.2.4 Support for NON_EDMG formats .......................................................................... 439

28.2.4.1 General................................................................................................. 439

28.2.4.2 EDMG STA PHY entity configuration for transmission..................... 439

28.2.4.3 EDMG STA PHY entity configuration for reception.......................... 441

28.2.4.4 EDMG STA PHY entity channel bandwidth configuration ................ 442

28.2.4.5 EDMG STA PHY CCA....................................................................... 443

28.2.5 TXSTATUS parameters .......................................................................................... 443

28.3 Common parameters ................................................................................................................ 443

28.3.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................443

28.3.2 EDMG PPDU format............................................................................................... 445

28.3.2.1 General................................................................................................. 445

28.3.2.2 EDMG A-PPDU format....................................................................... 446

28.3.3 EDMG preamble...................................................................................................... 447

28.3.3.1 General................................................................................................. 447

28.3.3.2 Non-EDMG portion of EDMG format preamble ................................ 447

28.3.3.3 EDMG portion of EDMG format preamble ........................................ 454

28.3.3.4 Mathematical description of signals .................................................... 469

28.3.4 Channelization ......................................................................................................... 470

28.3.5 Transmit mask.......................................................................................................... 482

28.3.6 LDPC parity matrices .............................................................................................. 485

28.3.6.1 General................................................................................................. 485

28.3.6.2 Rate-7/8 LDPC code matrix H = 84 rows x 672 columns, Z = 42 ...... 485

28.3.6.3 Rate-1/2 LDPC code matrix H = 672 rows x 1344 columns, Z = 42 .. 486

28.3.6.4 Rate-5/8 LDPC code matrix H = 504 rows x 1344 columns, Z = 42 .. 487

28.3.6.5 Rate-3/4 LDPC code matrix H = 336 rows x 1344 columns, Z = 42 .. 487

28.3.6.6 Rate-13/16 LDPC code matrix H = 252 rows x 1344 columns,

Z = 42................................................................................................... 488

28.3.6.7 Rate-7/8 LDPC code matrix H = 168 rows x 1344 columns, Z = 42 .. 489

28.3.7 Control trailer...........................................................................................................489

28.3.8 CCA sensitivity........................................................................................................ 494

28.3.9 Common requirements............................................................................................. 494

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28.3.9.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 494

28.3.9.2 Received channel power indicator (RCPI) measurement .................... 494

28.3.9.3 Transmit center frequency and symbol clock frequency tolerance ..... 494

28.3.9.4 Transmit center frequency leakage ...................................................... 495

28.3.9.5 Transmit rampup and rampdown......................................................... 495

28.3.9.6 Antenna setting .................................................................................... 495

28.3.9.7 Maximum input requirement ............................................................... 495

28.3.9.8 Receiver minimum input sensitivity .................................................... 495

28.3.9.9 Spectral flatness test for the EDMG OFDM mode.............................. 499

28.3.9.10 Receiver co-channel interference (CCI) resilience .............................. 500

28.4 EDMG and non-EDMG control mode..................................................................................... 500

28.4.1 General..................................................................................................................... 500

28.4.2 Transmitter block diagram....................................................................................... 501

28.4.2.1 General................................................................................................. 501

28.4.2.2 Non-EDMG PPDU transmission ......................................................... 501

28.4.2.3 EDMG PPDU transmission ................................................................. 502

28.4.3 PPDU format............................................................................................................ 502

28.4.4 Non-EDMG portion of the EDMG control mode PPDU ........................................ 503

28.4.5 EDMG portion of the EDMG control mode PPDU................................................. 503

28.4.5.1 General................................................................................................. 503

28.4.5.2 Data field.............................................................................................. 503

28.4.6 Non-EDMG control trailer encoding and modulation............................................. 504

28.4.7 PPDU transmission .................................................................................................. 504

28.4.7.1 General................................................................................................. 504

28.4.7.2 Non-EDMG PPDU transmission ......................................................... 505

28.4.7.3 EDMG PPDU transmission ................................................................. 508

28.4.8 Performance requirements ....................................................................................... 513

28.5 EDMG and non-EDMG SC mode ........................................................................................... 513

28.5.1 General..................................................................................................................... 513

28.5.2 Signal parameters..................................................................................................... 514

28.5.2.1 General................................................................................................. 514

28.5.2.2 Timing-related parameters................................................................... 514

28.5.3 Transmitter block diagram....................................................................................... 515

28.5.3.1 General................................................................................................. 515

28.5.3.2 Non-EDMG PPDU transmission ......................................................... 516

28.5.3.3 EDMG PPDU transmission ................................................................. 516

28.5.4 EDMG-STF definition............................................................................................. 518

28.5.4.1 General................................................................................................. 518

28.5.4.2 Definition ............................................................................................. 519

28.5.5 EDMG-CEF definition ............................................................................................ 519

28.5.5.1 General................................................................................................. 519

28.5.5.2 Definition ............................................................................................. 520

28.5.6 Encoding of EDMG-Header-B ................................................................................ 521

28.5.7 Encoding of EDMG-Header-A for EDMG A-PPDU transmission......................... 522

28.5.8 Modulation and coding scheme (MCS)................................................................... 523

28.5.9 Data field.................................................................................................................. 526

28.5.9.1 Guard interval definition...................................................................... 526

28.5.9.2 Symbol blocking and guard insertion .................................................. 527

28.5.9.3 Scrambler ............................................................................................. 532

28.5.9.4 Encoding .............................................................................................. 533

28.5.9.5 Modulation mapping............................................................................ 540

28.5.10 PPDU transmission .................................................................................................. 545

28.5.10.1 General................................................................................................. 545

28.5.10.2 Spatial mapping ................................................................................... 545

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