DMR中继协议技术规范

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"DMR trunking protocol是基于数字移动无线电（Digital Mobile Radio）系统的协议，主要应用于窄带通信的发展。该技术规范详细定义了DMR trunking的运作机制和技术要求，确保设备之间的电磁兼容性和无线电频谱的有效利用。文档参考了ETSITS102361-4V1.8.1(2016-02)，这是一个由欧洲电信标准协会（ETSI）发布的技术规格书。关键词包括数据、数字、移动站（MS）、无线电、信号处理和分组交换网络。此文档可能在ETSI网站上下载，但未经ETSI书面授权，不得修改其内容。" DMR（Digital Mobile Radio）是一种开放的、全球认可的数字无线电标准，主要设计用于专业移动无线电（PMR）系统，特别适合于商业、公共安全和其他行业用户。DMR trunking协议则是DMR系统中的一种高效频谱利用方式，它允许多个用户共享有限的无线电频谱资源，提高了通信容量。在DMR trunking协议中，关键的技术特点包括： 1. **信道分配**：DMR trunking采用时分多址（TDMA）技术，每个无线电频率可以同时服务两个独立的通话组，因为每个时隙可以承载一个通话。这显著提高了频谱效率。 2. **动态信道分配**：DMR trunking系统可以根据需求自动分配空闲的频率资源，优化了频谱利用率。 3. **网络管理**：DMR trunking协议包含网络管理和控制功能，如呼叫建立、拆线、漫游以及优先级控制，确保关键通信的优先权。 4. **数据服务**：除了语音通信，DMR trunking也支持数据传输，如短信、位置信息和其他增值服务。 5. **互操作性**：由于DMR是开放标准，不同制造商的设备可以实现互操作，降低了用户的投资成本和升级难度。 6. **电磁兼容性**：根据ETSITS102361-4标准，DMR设备需符合特定的电磁兼容性要求，确保设备在各种环境下的正常运行。 7. **安全性**：DMR trunking提供了加密功能，增强了通信的安全性和隐私保护。 8. **网络拓扑**：DMR trunking系统可支持多种网络拓扑结构，如星型、环形和网状网络，适应不同的部署场景。 DMR trunking协议通过高效的频谱管理和数据处理，提升了窄带通信系统的性能，广泛应用于需要可靠、高效无线通信的领域。对于希望扩展或升级其无线电通信系统的组织来说，理解并应用DMR trunking协议至关重要。

ETSI

ETSI TS 102 361

4 V1.8.1 (2016

02)

[5] ETSI TS 102 361-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Digital

Mobile Radio (DMR) Systems; Part 1: DMR Air Interface (AI) protocol".

[6] ETSI TS 102 361-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Digital

Mobile Radio (DMR) Systems; Part 2: DMR voice and generic services and facilities".

[7] ETSI TS 102 361-3: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Digital

Mobile Radio (DMR) Systems; Part 3: DMR data protocol".

[8] IEC 61162-1: "Maritime navigation and radiocommunications equipment and systems - Digital

Interfaces - Part 1: Single talker and multiple listeners".

[9] "The Unicode Standard".

NOTE: Available at: http://www.unicode.org/standard/standard.html.

[10] CEPT/ERC/T/R 25-08: "Planning criteria and coordination of frequencies in the Land Mobile

Service in the range 29.7-921 MHz".

NOTE: Available at: http://www.erodocdb.dk/docs/doc98/official/pdf/Tr2508.pdf.

[11] ISO/IEC 646 (1991): "Information technology -- ISO 7-bit coded character set for information

interchange".

[12] ISO/IEC 8859 series (1998 - 2001): "Information technology -- 8-bit single-byte coded graphic

character sets".

[13] IETF RFC 2781: "UTF-16, an encoding of ISO 10646".

[14] ETSI TS 100 392-18-1: "Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D) and Direct

Mode Operation (DMO); Part 18: Air interface optimized applications; Sub-part 1: Location

Information Protocol (LIP)".

2.2 Informative references

References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or

non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the

reference document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee

their long term validity.

The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the

user with regard to a particular subject area.

[i.1] ETSI TS 102 361-4 (All versions): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters

(ERM); Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) Systems; Part 4: DMR trunking protocol".

3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations

3.1 Definitions

For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:

1:1-mode: 1 payload channel mode

NOTE: 1:1-mode supports one "MS to fixed end" duplex call or one simplex call with an optional inbound

Reverse Channel using a two frequency BS.

2:1-mode: 2 payload channel mode

NOTE: 2:1-mode supports two independent calls which may be either "MS to fixed end" duplex calls or simplex

calls using a two frequency BS.

ETSI

ETSI TS 102 361

4 V1.8.1 (2016

02)

ALLMSID: MS ID to address all MS in a system

ambient listening: optional form of voice call where the called MS answers then may enters a proprietary listening

operation such as transmitting with the microphone mute open

assigned channel: channel that has been allocated by the infrastructure to certain MSs using channel allocation

command(s) addressed to those MSs

NOTE: An assigned channel may be allocated for secondary control purposes or for a circuit mode call.

asynchronous access: mode of operation whereby MS are permitted access to TS by employing the polite protocol

defined in ETSI TS 102 361-2 [6]

NOTE: In this mode MS are not required to listen to a TSCC to first determine their access rights.

Base Station (BS): fixed end equipment that is used to obtain DMR services

bearer service: telecommunication service providing the capability for information transfer between access points

burst: elementary amount of bits within the physical channel

NOTE 1: The burst may include a guard time at the beginning and end of the burst used for power ramp-up and

ramp-down.

NOTE 2: Two bursts with different length are defined for DMR. A TDMA bursts which has a length of 30 ms and

a Reverse Channel burst which has a length of 10 ms.

NOTE 3: For detailed burst definition see ETSI TS 102 361-1 [5], clause 4.2.1.

NOTE 4: A burst represents the physical content (channel) of a timeslot.

call: complete sequence of related transactions between MSs

NOTE: Transactions may be one or more bursts containing specific call related information.

Caller Line Identity (CLI): ability to see who is calling you before answering the telephone

channel: in the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) slot structure arrangement a channel comprises the pair of

same numbered slots on the inbound and outbound duplex frequencies

composite control channel: TSCC that may temporarily revert to a payload channel (if for instance the instantaneous

traffic exceeds that which may be accommodated by the available payload channels)

Control plane (C-plane): part of the DMR protocol stack dedicated to control and data services

coverage area: geographical area within which the received signal strength from a radiating BS exceeds a specified

threshold value

dedicated control channel: TSCC that is continuously transmitted by a TS and never reverts to a payload channel

Digital Mobile Radio (DMR): physical grouping that contains all of the mobile and/or fixed end equipment that is

used to obtain DMR services

direct mode: mode of operation where MSs may communicate outside the control of a network

NOTE: This is communication technique where any MS (MS) may communicate with one or more other MSs

(MSs) without the need for any additional equipment (e.g. BS).

downlink: process of transferring information in the outbound direction (TS to MS)

duplex: mode of operation by which information can be transferred in both directions and where the two directions are

independent

NOTE: Duplex is also known as full duplex.

extended address: source or destination that is not an MS address (such as a PABX extension, PSTN number or

IP address)

ETSI

ETSI TS 102 361

4 V1.8.1 (2016

02)

First In First Out (FIFO): storage type that retrieves information in the order in which it was stored

fixed non-volatile storage: storage facility within an MS, the contents of which cannot be modified or added to by the

operation of the MS or its user

high-rate: packet data transmission that uses dual slot data timing

inbound: MS to BS transmission

information element: subset (field) within a PDU

intrinsic service: service which is inherent within a voice or data service

NOTE: It forms an integral part of the signalling associated with that voice or data service.

item: MS payload transmission from the point at which the PTT is pressed to the PTT released

key: information that determines the functional output of an authentication algorithm

line connected: call whereby one end of the call is connected to the radio system that does not use the DMR Air

Interface

NOTE: Examples may be connection to the PSTN or a PABX.

logical channel: distinct data path between logical endpoints

message trunking: mode of operation that a payload channel is permanently allocated for the complete duration of the

call, which may include several separate PTT items (several PTT activations by separate terminals)

NOTE: The channel is only de-allocated if the call is (explicitly) released or if a time-out expires.

Mobile Station (MS): physical grouping that contains all of the mobile equipment that is used to obtain DMR mobile

services

multi-item data: data session on a payload channel that consists of two or more single item data sessions between

entities

multi-part call set-up: call set-up procedure whereby the full source and destination address cannot be accommodated

in a single CSBK signalling block

NOTE: The UDT procedure is invoked to transfer the address information using UDT signalling. UDT is also

invoked to transport supplementary_user data, user data and extended addressing between DMR entities.

network personalization: configuration parameters appropriate to network configuration programmed into an MS that

may be set by an external agency but not by the user of an MS

non-volatile storage: read/Write storage that stores information during operation of an MS that is protected from the

effects of switching off the MS

outbound: BS to MS transmission

packet data: method for the transmission of information by which the information is transmitted as packets each

containing a fragment of the total information to be transmitted

PARtition (PAR): information element used to partition MSs on a TS that implements two control channels (TSCCs)

payload: bits in the information field

personalization: configuration parameters that may be set by an external agency but not by the user of an MS

physical channel: TDMA burst

NOTE: The DMR radio frequency channel contains two physical channels.

polite protocol: "Listen Before Transmit" (LBT) protocol

NOTE: This is a medium access protocol that implements a LBT function in order to ensure that the channel is

free before transmitting.

ETSI

ETSI TS 102 361

4 V1.8.1 (2016

02)

power-save-frame: sixteen time slots (480 ms) defining a period for sleeping MS to wake

privacy: secret transformation

NOTE: Any transformation of transmitted information that is derived from a shared secret between the sender and

receiver.

Protocol Data Unit (PDU): unit of information consisting of protocol control information (signalling) and possibly

user data exchanged between peer protocol layer entities

radio frequency channel: radio frequency carrier (RF carrier)

NOTE: This is a specified portion of the RF spectrum. In DMR, the RF carrier separation is 12,5 kHz. The

physical channel may be a single frequency or a duplex spaced pair of frequencies.

random access attempt: period from the initiation of the random access procedure until the MS receives a response

from the BS or abandons the procedure (e.g. after sending the maximum permitted number of retries)

Ready For Communications (RFC): MS state where the user has specifically indicated the readiness to communicate,

e.g. the MS equivalent of a telephone off hook

read write storage: storage facility within the MS the contents of which may be modified by the operation of the MS.

The stored data is lost when the MS is switched off

Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI): root mean squared (rms) value of the signal received at the receiver

antenna

registration (MS view): network procedure whereby the MS asks for and the TSCC grants access to a particular MS

NOTE: The MS is required to inform the system whenever it enters a new registration area.

revive: mechanism whereby DMR facilities available to an MS that has been stunned may be restored

Service Data Unit (SDU): all the data encapsulated within a PDU

serving site: radio site that is currently proving service to the MS

signalling: exchange of information specifically concerned with the establishment and control of connections, and with

management, in a telecommunication network

simplex: mode of working by which information can be transferred in both directions but not at the same time

NOTE: Simplex is also known as half duplex.

single item data: data session on a payload channel that consists of a single data item being sent from one entity to

another entity

single-part call set-up: call set-up procedure whereby the full source and destination address is accommodated in a

single CSBK signalling block

site: totality of BSs and trunk site control equipment that processes calls in one location

slot: See time-slot.

stun: mechanism whereby DMR facilities available to an MS user may be denied

superframe: 6 continuous TDMA bursts labelled "A" to "F"

NOTE: A superframe has a length of 360 ms and is used for voice payload only.

Supplementary Data Transfer Service: service to transfer supplementary data between DMR MS and MS/TS entities

that is additional to the primary call being set-up

TDMA-frame: two continuous time-slots

time-slot: elementary time unit for allocation of a burst

NOTE: A timeslot has a length of 30 ms.

ETSI

ETSI TS 102 361

4 V1.8.1 (2016

02)

transmission: transfer period of bursts containing information or signalling

NOTE: The transmission may be continuous, i.e. multiple bursts transmission without ramp-up, ramp-down, or

discontinuous, i.e. single burst transmission with ramp-up and ramp-down period.

transmission trunking: mode of operation that a payload channel is individually allocated for each call transaction (for

each activation of the PTT)

NOTE: The channel is immediately de-allocated at the end of the call transaction (subject to unavoidable protocol

delays).

Trunked Station (TS): physical grouping that contains all of the fixed end equipment in one location that is used to

obtain DMR Tier III services

Trunk Station Control Channel (TSCC): control channel transmitted by the infrastructure to control the MS

population

TS Authorization: complete procedure whereby an MS tests the System Identity code and an optional step of

authentication to ascertain if it is permitted to gain access

Unified Data Transport (UDT): universal methodology used to transport data in DMR systems

Uplink: process of transferring information in the inbound direction (MS to TS)

user plane (U-plane): part of the DMR protocol stack dedicated to user voice services

vocoder socket: 216 bits vocoder payload

3.2 Symbols

For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:

Hz absolute frequency

Nibble 4 bits grouped together

Octet 8 bits grouped together, also called a byte

3.3 Abbreviations

For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:

ACK ACKnowledgment

ACKD ACKnowledgement outbound

ACKU ACKnowledgement inbound

AD Appended Data

AI Air Interface

ALS Ambient Listening Service

AT Acess Type

BC_AP Broadcast Absolute Parameters

BCD Binary Coded Decimal

BER Bit Error Rate

BMP Basic Multilingual Plane

BS Base Station

NOTE: A reference designating a fixed end device.

CACH Common Announcement CHannel

CC Colour Code

CCITT Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique

CCL Call Control Layer

CG Channel Grant

CG_AP Channel Grant Absolute Parameters

CH CHannel

CLI Caller Line Identity

COG Course Over Ground

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